UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA Performance Analysis of Location Performance Analysis of Location y Tracking System for Multiple Tracking System for Multiple Levels Levels Presenter: Norhidayu Presenter: Presenter: Norhidayu Presenter: Norhidayu Shahila Norhidayu Shahila Shahila Abu Hassan Shahila Abu Hassan Abu Hassan Abu Hassan Supervisor: Dr. Supervisor: Dr. Sharifah Sharifah Hafizah Hafizah Syed Syed Ariffin Ariffin Faculty: Electrical Engineering, UTM, Faculty: Electrical Engineering, UTM, Skudai Skudai
OUTLINE OUTLINE • PROBLEM STATEMENTS PROBLEM STATEMENTS • OBJECTIVE • INTRODUCTIONS • METHODOLOGY • RESULTS RESULTS • CONCLUSIONS • REFERENCES 2
PROBLEM PROBLEM O STATEMENTS STATEMENTS STATEMENTS STATEMENTS 3
� The existing system used 2D tracking � The existing system used 2D tracking system. The 2D location tracking mechanism only supports tracking the mobile unit position in the same level mobile unit position in the same level. � Enhance into 3D version. The 3D location � Enhance into 3D version. The 3D location tracking mechanism is globally supported to track the mobile unit everywhere, even k h bil i h in different level. 4
OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVES 5
To develop 3D location tracking system for mobile units at several services level 6
INTRODUCTIONS INTRODUCTIONS INTRODUCTIONS INTRODUCTIONS 7
Location Tracking Location Tracking • great importance since World War II, when military planners realized realized its its usefulness usefulness for for targeting, targeting, fleet fleet management, management, positioning, and navigation. • it is the convergence of several technologies that can be merged to • it is the convergence of several technologies that can be merged to create systems that track inventory, livestock or ‐ vehicle fleets. • Similar systems can be created to deliver location ‐ based services to Si il t b t d t d li l ti b d i t wireless devices. • Current technologies being used to create location ‐ tracking and location ‐ based systems include Geographic Information Systems (GIS), (GIS) Global Global Positioning Positioning System System (GPS) (GPS), Radio Radio Frequency Frequency Identification (RFID), and Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN). • Location tracking or location based service system will use one or a • Location tracking or location ‐ based service system will use one or a combination of these technologies. 8
• The system requires that a node or tag be placed on the object, animal or person being tracked For e ample the GPS recei er in a animal or person being tracked. For example, the GPS receiver in a cell phone or an RFID tag on a DVD can be used to track those devices with a detection system such as GPS satellites or RFID y receivers. • Location tracking in an indoor environment is possible with various Location tracking in an indoor environment is possible with various techniques based on mechanical, acoustical, ultrasonic, optical, infrared, inertial or radio signal measurements. • Global Positioning System (GPS) is one of famous tracking system as a feasible and effective outdoor tracking system. • location tracking information and visualization of 3D graphics either in outdoor or indoor environment had been presented as either in outdoor or indoor environment had been presented as one of research issues. 9
WLAN WLAN • A wireless local area network (WLAN) links two or more devices using some wireless distribution method (typically spread ‐ spectrum or OFDM radio), and usually providing a connection through an access point to the wider internet. • gives users the mobility to move around within a local coverage area and still be connected to the network. • become popular in the home due to ease of installation, and the increasing popularity of laptop computers. • Public businesses such as coffee shops and malls have begun to offer wireless access to their customers, sometimes for free. , • Large wireless network projects are being put up in many major cities: New York City, for instance, has begun a pilot program to cities: New York City, for instance, has begun a pilot program to cover all five boroughs of the city with wireless Internet access. 10
RSSI RSSI • received signal strength indication (RSSI) is a measurement of the power present in a received radio signal. h d d l • generic radio receiver technology metric, which is usually invisible to the user of device containing the receiver, but is directly known to users of wireless networking of IEEE 802.11 protocol family. t l f il • In an IEEE 802.11 system, RSSI is the relative received signal strength in a wireless environment, in arbitrary units. • The end ‐ user will likely observe an RSSI value when measuring y g the signal strength of a wireless network through the use of a wireless network monitoring tool like Wireshark, Wildpacket, Kismet or Inssider. 11
METHODOLOGY METHODOLOGY METHODOLOGY METHODOLOGY 12
13 Proximity Method Proximity Method
• considered as a robust method to track object against electromagnetic noise, especially indoors. l i i i ll i d • tracking object will be located once a base station can sense g j signal from such object which means it has been in an area covered by such base station. • Low cost. • Vision & Media Computing Lab of Nara institute is a sample • Vision & Media Computing Lab. of Nara institute is a sample of tracking systems using proximity method by using IR sensors, RF tags, and etc. sensors, RF tags, and etc. • cannot estimate exact coordination of any objects but the area the object is located area the object is located. 14
Scene Analysis Method Scene Analysis Method 15
Scene Analysis Method Scene Analysis Method • analysis real area in order to measure signal strength of an obj ect at all coordination of such area and store the data into obj ect at all coordination of such area and store the data into a database. • Once the system tracks any obj ects, Once the system tracks any obj ects, the signal the signal strength strength received from such obj ect will be compared with ones in the database in order to find n nearest coordination and use them t to estimate location of the tracking obj ect. ti t l ti f th t ki bj t • The number of coordination depends upon a size of area and a size of grid – the smaller size of grid, the higher the accuracy. – becomes a hard work, especially in a large area and a b h d k i ll i l g d small size of grid. • th the signal is measured on real site, the location estimation by i l i d l it th l ti ti ti b scene analysis has high accuracy. 16
Triangulation Method Triangulation Method 17
• needs at least three base stations and play a role in sensing the strength of signal received from an interesting obj ect strength of signal received from an interesting obj ect. • uses RS S I to get signals from the base stations. • Three values of signal strength will be converted to three distance values from the obj ect to all three base stations and will be used to estimate the location of the obj ect by drawing three circles, which estimate the location of the obj ect by drawing three circles, which have all three base stations as a center point of each circle. • The radius of each circle equals the distance we have calculated q from the signal strength. • The intersection of all three circles will be an estimated location of the tracking obj ect. • MIT’ s Cricket, Active Bat S ystem, GPS(Global Positioning S ystem). • low cost and accurate. 18
19 Equations Equations
( ) ( ) ( ) = − + − + − = 2 2 2 Distance AD x x y y z z r 1 1 1 1 ( ) ( ) ( ) = − + − + − = 2 2 2 Distance BD x x y y z z r 2 2 2 2 = ( ( ) ) ( ( ) ) ( ( ) ) = − − + + − − + + − − = = 2 2 2 Distance Distance CD CD x x x x y y y y z z z z r r 3 3 3 3 20
21 4ru 4ru + zh h ze - + v 2r 2 - t t g d ± = = t t - x y = z
22 Testbed Testbed
23 RESULTS RESULTS RESULTS RESULTS
Testbed Data X-Axis Y-Axis Z-Axis Measured 6.631201 8.03621 2.903808 1 1 Real Real 2.05 2.05 6.08 6.08 2.29 2.29 4.581201 1.95621 0.613808 Error Measured M d 9.911963 9 911963 7 671211 7.671211 2 104544 2.104544 2 Real 5 5.25 2.29 Error 4.911963 2.421211 0.185456 Measured Measured 15 153329 15.153329 8.649375 8 649375 1 77112 1.77112 3 Real 9.36 8.2 2.29 Error 5.793329 0.449375 0.51888 24
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CONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS 28
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