College Promise Paving the Pathways to Student Success Dr. Martha J. Kanter OREGON COMMUNITY COLLEGE ASSOCIATION Sunriver, OR November 3, 2016
College Promise: Paving the Pathways to Student Success Historical Context of A Free Public Education in America 1852 6 – 16 Pennsylvania 1895 8 – 17 Massachusetts 1864 5 – 18 Indiana 1897 7 – 16 DC 1867 6 – 16 Florida 1915 6 – 16 Vermont 1871 6 – 16 Texas 1915 6 – 18 Michigan 1874 6 – 16 Alaska 1929 7 – 16 New York 1874 6 – 18 California 1883 7 – 16 Illinois 1635 Boston Latin School, first and oldest U.S. public school 1862 California State Normal School, first & oldest State University 1870 All States provide free elementary schools 1898 William Rainey Harper College, first community college 1929 All states provide free high schools 1852-1929 From MA to AK, all states finally pass compulsory school laws www.collegepromise.org
College Promise: Paving the Pathways to Student Success 1950s, 1960s &1970s The national commitment to growing opportunity expanded for a growing nation…after two World Wars Great Depression Passage of the GI Bill & Civil Rights Act of 1964 Dramatic expansion of state colleges and community colleges • Public land-grant university enrollments boomed • 457 community colleges were established in the 1960s www.collegepromise.org
College Promise: Paving the Pathways to Student Success 1980s – Present Wavering National Commitment to Growing Opportunity for All Burgeoning post-Vietnam War immigrant communities Growth of state and federal oversight Fluctuating local, state & federal financial systems Dramatic expansion of underserved populations, immigrants & first-generation students Questioning of the public purpose, investment in & funding of American education www.collegepromise.org
College Promise: Paving the Pathways to Student Success 1980s - Present Wavering National Commitment to Growing Opportunity for All Drive to secure economic prosperity and social mobility Education for 21 st century students (low-income, minority, immigrant, and first generation) Drive to produce world-class research; solve the most pressing domestic and global problems Create and sustain opportunity Urgency to address racial and income disparities in education (96% of students from the highest-income quartile complete high school, while only 63% from the lowest-income quartile do) Sources : Altbach, Bailey, Berdahl, Dynarski, Kahlenberg, Schmidtlein www.collegepromise.org
College Promise: Paving the Pathways to Student Success TODAY Wavering National Commitment to Growing Opportunity for All 93 million adult Americans have little or no college educations (> 45%) 75 million of these adults are functioning at basic or below basic literacy levels Students from low-income families by age 24 earn bachelor’s degrees at one -eighth the rate of their more advantaged counterparts — 9% compared with 75% www.collegepromise.org
College Promise: Paving the Pathways to Student Success WHO ARE TODAY’S STUDENTS? 43% of U.S. undergraduates are community college students Only a quarter of all college students attend a residential four-year college. Almost a quarter of all college students have dependent children. Most college students work at least part-time, and more than half of those who never completed their college educations say they dropped out because they needed to work to support themselves and their families . - Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education. (2012, Dec.); Knocking at the College Door: Projections of High School Graduates; Public Agenda. (2009) www.collegepromise.org
College Promise: Paving the Pathways to Student Success www.collegepromise.org
College Promise: Paving the Pathways to Student Success Average tuition at a public 4- year college has increased by more than 250% in the last three decades. www.collegepromise.org
College Promise: Paving the Pathways to Student Success THE COMPLETION CHALLENGE Only half of undergraduates earn their baccalaureate degrees in 6 years! The typical full- time Bachelor’s Degree recipient earns a college degree in 5.1 years. The typical full- time Associate’s Degree recipient earns a college degree in 3 Years. College and university completion rates vary widely so choosing wisely matters now more than ever. www.collegepromise.org
College Promise: Paving the Pathways to Student Success OPPORTUNITIES & CHALLENGES AHEAD Public vs. Private Good (ROI) Student Realities & Needs (under-preparation, the need to work, family & income, etc.) College Completion Funding Sustainability Rising Tuition & Related College Costs Student Loan Debt & Debt Aversion Intended & Unintended Consequences of Federal & State Student Aid & Myriad Outdated Regulations Accountability (burdensome regulatory environment, accreditation, etc.) www.collegepromise.org
College Promise: Paving the Pathways to Student Success The College Promise: One Way Forward Do we want our nation to benefit from a middle class in the 21 st century? Low income and first generation students lag behind their more advantaged peers in college enrollment by more than 30% 100 years ago we made high school available for everyone. We’re 12 th in the world for college graduates. We used to be #1. www.collegepromise.org
What is a “College Promise”? It’s a 21 st Century promise to make the first two years of college – at a minimum - as universal, free, and accessible as public high school was in the 19 th and 20th Centuries. It’s a promise to prepare students for the 21st Century workforce and the pursuit of the American Dream without the burden of exorbitant college debt. A commitment to fund a community college education – at a minimum - for every eligible hardworking student advancing on the path to earn an associate’s degree, an occupational certificate, and/or credits that transfer to a four-year university. Key components: - “Place - based” (a college, a city, a region, a state) - Guarantee of Financial Support for College - Evidence & Performance-Based - Financially Sustainable www.collegepromise.org
College Promise Campaign What To build widespread support, the Campaign uses three strategies: o Communications and Advocacy o Cross-sector Leadership Development o Research, Policy and Practice Why To increase college access, student learning and college completion: o Optimizes local, state and federal funds o Leverages and promotes evidence and performance-based incentives and interventions. www.collegepromise.org
College Promise Goals Increase high school and college graduation rates Motivate and engage students and families toward college goals from birth to Pre-K, K-12, College & Beyond (e.g., Wabash County Promise; Oakland Promise Brilliant) Lower college tuition and non-tuition college expenses Provide sustainable financing Decrease remediation Shorten time to degree Reduce educational inefficiencies Expand employment opportunities for youth and adults Promote year-round community college & university education complemented with paid employment Leverage what works (evidence) www.collegepromise.org
College Promise: Growing Momentum In the last year, more than 150 local communities, community colleges and universities in 37 states have launched a College Promise from a wide range of public and private funding sources. (College Promise Campaign, 2016) To date, 23 state legislatures have reviewed 38 different College Promise measures. (ECS, March 14, 2016) The White House reported that new College Promise programs have invested more than $150 million for community colleges to serve at least 180,000 students. (U.S. Department of Education, Office of the Under Secretary, The America’s College Promise Playbook , Washington, D.C., 2016.) www.collegepromise.org
College Promise: Growing Momentum www.collegepromise.org
College Promise: Growing Momentum Today, local communities like Oakland, Detroit, Chicago, Boston, Houston, and Los Angeles are building on what Long Beach, El Dorado and Kalamazoo have already put in place over the past decade. We pay for what we value. The challenge is to design a reasonable, sustainable College Promise that include the right combination of financial and behavioral incentives that can be leveraged to increase college opportunity and completion. 18 www.collegepromise.org
College Promise: Paving the Pathways to Student Success COLLEGE PROMISE DESIGN CHALLENGES Increase graduation rate Close the achievement gap Increase college readiness for two-thirds of new freshmen Leveraging cognitive science and technological tools. Give every student 24 x 7 advising, mentoring, tutoring, and counseling Creating and sustaining a long-term, stable financial model
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