PAKISTAN Overview PAKISTAN Geographic Position Same latitude as IRAN, North India, North SEA. Area : 88 Mn Ha Population: 180 Mn (1.8% annual growth) GDP Growth: 2.4 % Ag Contribution to GDP: 20-22% Arable Land: 22 Mn Ha Key crops: M Ha Wheat 8.0 Cotton 3.5 Rice 2.0 Corn 1.0 Orchards 0.9 Sugarcane 0.9 Sunflower 0.3 Seasons: 4 Climatic Conditions: Temperate to tropical with monsoons
Pakistan Corn Market • 1 Mil ha (445 Kha Punjab, 550 Kha KPK) • Corn Consumption 3.8 Mil Tones (approx) • 64 poultry Feed Mills 2002 => 120 Feed Mills in 2011 • Rafhan had 01 (750 Mt capacity plant) 2000 => Rafhan has 03 plants (750 Mt (02) & 550 Mt (01)) 2012
Market Transition -Pakistan 100 70 40 20 Spring 1990 Spring 2010 Autumn 1990 Autumn 2010 * Average Yield taken as per good farmer practices
Regulatory authorities and Biosafety laws • Ministry Of • Environment Disaster Protection Agency Management (EPA) (MDM) Technical National Biosafety Advisory Committee (NBC) Committee (TAC) • National Biosafety Guidelines-2005 http://www.environment.gov.pk/act-rules/BiosftyGlines2005.pdf • Pakistan Biosafety Rules 2005 http://www.environment.gov.pk/act- rules/Biosftyrules.pdf005 • No additions/amendments made since 2005 • No Calendar of TAC & NBC meetings is available. Meetings are held on need basis.
Pakistan: Cultivation Approval Process • Three tier system – Institutional Biosafety Committee (IBC) – Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) – National Biosafety Committee (NBC) • Two stage of field trials – Small scale confined field trials (FT) – Large scale multi-location open field trials (MLFT) • Event and variety / hybrid approval system
PROCESS FLOWCHART FOR REVIEW OF APPLICATIONS FOR PERMISSION TO UNDERTAKE LABORATORY, FIELD TRIALS AND COMMERCIAL RELEASE OF GMO’S AND THEIR PRODUCTS
Time lines for trials Category Official Status of the Number of Years of Trials Variety Gene TAC NBC Total A Notified Known/ 1 1 2 Tested B Candidate Known/ 1 2 3 Tested C Notified New Gene 1 2 3 D Candidate New Gene 2 2 4
Trangenic Crops-Lab & Field Testing In Pakistan • Corn – Insect Resistance and herbicide tolerance • Cotton – Insect resistance • Wheat – Salinity & Drought Tolerance • Sugarcane – Smut & red rot disease • Tobacco – Insect resistance
Current GM Crop in Pakistan • Cotton (MON531)
Challenges in Biotech • Regulatory Challenges: – Lack of stability in the government/regulatory structure – Lack of motivation among government/regulatory staff – National Biosafety Centre – Lack of coordination amongst regulatory/evaluator dept. i.e. NARC, NBC, NIBGE etc • Policy Challenges: – Conducive Policy on commercialization of biotech products to meet the country’s growing food and feed demands and also attract foreign investment. – Political will for commercialization of biotech crop – Enforcement of IPR laws in biotech and seed business • Awareness & Acceptance Challenges: – Lack of awareness among stakeholder – Benefits to users • Challenge by anti-GM groups/individuals: Not science based
Check (Untreated)
Over the Top Spray of Roundup
Aerial View – Seedling Stage
Aerial View – Seedling Stage
Aerial view post tasselling 15
Containment
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