Role of System Operator Opportunities for storage
National Grid UK and US Electricity and Gas Transmission & Distribution 2
National Grid – UK – electricity Transmission Owner (England and Wales) System design Project management Engineering and maintenance ~7,200km of overhead line; ~675km of underground cable; and 337 substations at 244 sites. • Anglo-French Interconnector (2GW) System Operator • BritNed Interconnector (1GW) • North & South Irish connection (Great Britain) (1.1GW) System Planning + planned new links System Operation Market Facilitation Energy Trading 3
Typical summer and winter GB demand profiles 2010/2011 GB Demands 60000 60 55000 55 National Grid Demand (GW) 50000 Winter Maximum 50 National Grid Demand (MW) 45 45000 Typical Winter 40000 40 Typical Summer 35000 35 30000 30 25000 25 Summer Minimum 20000 20 15000 15 30 130 230 330 430 530 630 730 830 930 1030 1130 1230 1330 1430 1530 1630 1730 1830 1930 2030 2130 2230 2330 Time
GB Installed Capacity (2103/14) GB Installed Capacity (2013/14) GB Installed Capacity (2013/14) 1.8% Biomass 1,467 0.0% CCS 0 3,669 3,368 1,467 0 Biomass 25.8% Coal 20,454 1,123 2,744 40.2% CCS Gas 31,887 1.4% Hydro 1,122 Coal 5.0% Interconnecto 4,000 Gas 20,454 0.0% Marine 0 9,471 Hydro 11.9% Nuclear 9,471 Interconnector 0 1.4% Oil 1,123 4,000 Marine 3.5% Pumped Stora 2,744 Nuclear 4.6% Onshore Win 3,669 1,122 4.2% Offshore Win 3,368 Oil 31,887 100.0% Total 79,305 Pumped Storage Onshore Wind 5
Key Market Principles System Operator – Residual Market – Primary Balancer Balancer Market Balancing – ‘ Self Dispatch’ Forecasting, Planning & Information System Operator forecasts demand and wind power Market (generation and supply) is the principle balancing process (by half hour) Physical information received from market Participants need to forecast demand and wind power Imbalance Cashed Out post event Post Gate Balancing ( 1 hr ahead) The System Operator then balances the system (second by Market participants are incentivised to balance their metered input second) and is the sole counterparty to any further trades / output with their contracted position through cashing out their imbalance at a less favourable price Actions are taken in advance via Commercial Services Market Balancing ceases at Gate Closure Economic, Efficient and Secure (rolling 1hr ahead of real time) Market ceases balancing at Gate Closure (1hr ahead of real time). The System Operator has a licence condition to operate a secure, The System Operator then balances the system (second by economic and co-ordinated system; it has an incentive scheme to 6 second) and is the sole counterparty to any further trades reward efficient operation
The Balancing Mechanism and information National Grid Forecasting & ‘Dispatch’ Market Forecasting & Self Dispatch Settlement CONTRACT VOLUMES Balancing mechanism Meter BM Bilateral readings actions FPNs trading BM data activities ~1000 Balancing Op Data ~1,500,000 actions/day Bid / offer items /day acceptances Bids/Offers 1 hour Real time Gate ~98% of energy ~2% of energy balancing done by closure balancing by System market (by half hr) Operator (sec by sec)
Demand and Wind Forecasting Temperature (1 ° C fall in cold conditions) + 0.5 GW Cloud cover + 1.5 GW (clear sky to thick cloud) Precipitation + 1 GW (no rain to heavy rain) Temperature + 0.5 GW (1 ° C rise in hot conditions) Cooling power + 1 GW (10 mph rise in cold conditions) Ofgem FIT Regiser: Link Latest Installed Solar: 1610 MW - 2 GW Embedded Wind Power Latest Installed Wind: 1995 MW (Maximum output) Embedded Generation Estimates Last run: 15-Apr-2013 12:09:12 2,500 PV Installed Capacity PV Output @ 1200 14-APR-2013 15-APR-2013 16-APR-2013 05:00 08:00 12:00 17:00 21:00 00:00 05:00 08:00 12:00 17:00 21:00 00:00 05:00 08:00 12:00 17:00 21:00 Solar (MW) 0 157 1282 558 4 0 0 250 1288 919 0 0 0 274 1288 1059 1 Wind (MW) 1377 1501 1562 1489 1298 1277 1245 1241 1344 1168 943 1059 1322 1450 1632 1519 1004 Total (MW) 1377 1658 2844 2047 1302 1277 1245 1491 2632 2087 943 1059 1322 1724 2920 2578 1005 2,000 4,000 3,500 3,000 1,500 Embedded Generation / MW 2,500 2,000 1,000 1,500 1,000 500 500 0 14-APR-2013 05:00 08:00 12:00 17:00 21:00 15-APR-2013 05:00 08:00 12:00 17:00 21:00 16-APR-2013 05:00 08:00 12:00 17:00 21:00 8 0 20110301 20110415 20110530 20110714 20110828 20111012 20111126 20120110 20120224 20120409 20120524 20120708 20120822 20121006 20121120 20130104 20130218 20130404 20130519 20130703 20130817 20131001 20131115 20131230
Reserve requirements OK Notice of Insufficient System Margin NISM High Risk of Contingency Demand Demand Reserve Reduction Control HRDR Progressive Imminent Regulating Reserve Demand DCI Control Short Term Operating Reserve (STOR) Low Frequency Response Domestic Consumers Demand unlikely to notice if Demand Control by voltage reduction <5% total
Managing Frequency Generation Tripping 52.0 Upper Statutory Limit 50.5 Incident (e.g. generation loss) Upper Operational Limit 50.2 Frequency (Hz) 10 s 30 s 60 s Time 30 mins 50.0 49.8 Lower Operational Limit 49.5 Lower Statutory Limit Reserve 49.2 Primary Secondary (10-30s) (30s - 30min) 49.0 Lowest ‘Planned’ Limit 48.8 Demand Disconnection 10 47.0
Ancillary Services Mandatory Commercial Services Services Mandatory Capability from More economic solutions to ‘Transmission connected’ mandatory services and reserve generators for: that comprise one or more of: Primary, Secondary Firm Services and High Reactive Enhanced Deload cost contracts from frequency range (paid capability / paid via (for a providers response for by a different Balancing committed other than (provider index based technical Mechanism period of main specified price) parameters time) generators holding price) Committed in operational Committed before or in timescales (no availability fee) operational timescales 11
Commercial Services Firm Reserve Firm Frequency Response Reserve STOR (20 mins) and Fast (5s – 30 mins) BM Start Up / Energy Trades Reserve (2 mins) • Availability & Utilisation • Availability & Utilisation • Short term call off prices Prices • Utilisation prices – pre • Monthly tendered service • 3 times year / monthly agreed / negotiated short tenders term • Window of service • BM and bespoke dispatch • Framework Agreements • Mostly generation but open system to all • Performance monitoring / • Automatic service payment penalties • Performance monitoring Synchronous generators STOR: BM: OCGTs, Pumped Storage NBM: Coal and Oil, units in cold storage Demand side in development Diesel, OCGTs, Hydro, Biomass, CCGT. Fast Reserve: Pumped storage, Sync Gas Reactive Firm Constraint Intertrips Enhanced reactive Management power • Utilisation / • Availability & • Availability / avilability utilisation utilisation • Ad hoc / tender • Ad hoc tender • Bilateral / framework • Weeks ahead 12 Commercial and operational: Synchronous generators Synchronous generators, wind, interconnectors, wind, some large generator embedded./demand side in development sites
Ancillary Service Breakdown Typical contracted levels (figures vary with economics of tenders received) 600-1000MW for Firm Frequency Response 300-400MW for Fast Reserve 2200-2500MW for STOR ~50% of these are Non-BM units Balancing Services Costs 2013/14 £300 £271 £250 £200 £150 £97 £100 £m £100 £70 £69 £56 £52 £50 £16 £17 £9 £5 £1 £1 £0 -£14 -£50 -£100 STOR + BM Mandatory Commercial BM Start Up (Non-Tendered) BM Constraints Reactive Frequency Fast Start Black Start Fast Reserve Constraints and SO-SO Trades PGBTs Liabilities Response Frequency Utilisation Response (Tendered) Fast Reserve Fees & Intertrips 13
How the System Operator is funded Balancing Services Use of System (BSUoS) paid by Generators & Demand that use the Transmission System (~£1.50 / MWh) Includes: Internal SO costs ‘External Costs’ : - Balancing Mechanism and Ancillary Services (~£1bn / year) SO incentive scheme to manage external costs (+/-£25m) The Network is paid for separately via Transmission Charges 14
Future GB Wind Capacity Scenarios Until 2020 Slow Progression Accelerated Growth 30,000 25,000 Installed Wind Capacity / MW 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 15 Year
The changing grid existing electricity network Cumulative contracted generation (GW) interconnectors 100 potential wind farm sites 90 potential nuclear sites 80 Norway 70 1.4GW ‘Moyle’ Denmark 60 Ireland 1GW 500MW* 50 40 ‘East - West’ Ireland 30 500MW ‘Britned’ 20 Netherlands 10 1.2GW 0 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025* Belgium 1GW Interconnector Renewable Non-renewable ‘IFA’ France France 2GW 16 2GW Source: National Grid TNQCU – March 2013. * No new contracted generation after 2025. Arrows are illustrative and do not show connection points. Renewable fuel types: Biomass, Hydro, Tidal, Wave, Wind
Recommend
More recommend
