Shiba Ryotaro, Jane Austen On the Trail of Shiba Ryotaro and Jane Austen Novels, Heritage, and Contents Tourism in Japan and the UK W.G. Beasley Memorial Lecture, 13 March 2019 Philip Seaton, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies Shiba Ryotaro, 1923-1996 Jane Austen, 1775-1817 www.philipseaton.net 1 2 Contents Tourism / Kontentsu Ts ū rizumu Contents Tourism / Kontentsu Ts ū rizumu • Contents tourism: “travel behaviour motivated fully or partially by narratives, characters, locations and other creative elements of popular culture forms, including film, television dramas, manga, anime, novels and computer games.” • The multimedia dissemination of a “narrative world” triggers tourism to related sites. www.philipseaton.net www.philipseaton.net 3 4 Contents Tourism / Kontentsu Ts ū rizumu Contents Tourism / Kontentsu Ts ū rizumu Fans Tourism Production business Consumption Pilgrimage Information Contents Local provision businesses authorities Publicity Advertising www.philipseaton.net www.philipseaton.net 5 6
Contents Tourism / Kontentsu Ts ū rizumu Contents Tourism / Kontentsu Ts ū rizumu media tourism? • Henry Jenkins (website): film tourism? • “By convergence, I mean the flow of content [my italics] across multiple media platforms, the literary tourism? cooperation between multiple media industries, and the migratory behavior of media audiences who heritage, screen and would go almost anywhere in search of the kinds of literary tourism? entertainment experiences they wanted.” The Wizarding World of Harry http://henryjenkins.org/blog/2006/06/welcome_to_convergence_culture.html Potter, Universal Studios Japan www.philipseaton.net www.philipseaton.net 7 8 Contents Tourism / Kontentsu Ts ū rizumu Contents Tourism / Kontentsu Ts ū rizumu • Contents tourism: “travel behaviour motivated fully or partially by narratives, characters, locations and other creative elements of popular culture forms, including film, television dramas, manga, anime, novels and computer games.” The Tale of Genji Museum, Uji (nr. Kyoto) www.philipseaton.net www.philipseaton.net 9 10 Contents Tourism / Kontentsu Ts ū rizumu To Read/Learn More … • Sue Beeton, Takayoshi Yamamura and Philip Seaton, ‘The mediatisation of culture: Japanese contents tourism and popular culture.’ In Jo-Anne Lester and Caroline Scarles (eds), Mediating the Tourist Experience: From Brochures to Contents tourism: “a dynamic series of tourism Virtual Encounters . Farnham, Ashgate, 2013, pp. 139-54. experiences motivated by contents. Contents tourism is Philip Seaton & Takayoshi Yamamura (eds). “Japanese Popular Culture and • undertaken by tourists in order to access and embody Contents Tourism”. Special edition of Japan Forum 27.1 (2015). “narrative worlds” that are continuously expanding through “contentsization”, and very often involves the Philip Seaton, Takayoshi Yamamura, Akiko Sugawa-Shimada and Kyungjae • Jang, Contents Tourism in Japan: Pilgrimages to “Sacred Sites” of Popular participation of tourists/consumers themselves in the Culture . Amherst, Cambria Press, 2017. process of the (re)contentsization of the narrative world.” Philip Seaton (ed). “War, Popular Culture, and Contents Tourism in East Asia”. • Special edition of Journal of War & Culture Studies 12.1 (2019). (Yamamura, forthcoming) • Takayoshi Yamamura & Philip Seaton (eds). Contents Tourism: Mediatized Culture, Fandoms and the International Tourist Experience (forthcoming 2019). www.philipseaton.net www.philipseaton.net 11 12
Shiba Ryotaro Shiba Ryotaro’s Clouds Above the Hill “History as contents” Shiba Ryotaro, 1923-1996 www.philipseaton.net 13 14 Opening Sequence Creating New Protagonists Saneyuki, Yoshifuru, Ritsu Emperor Meiji, (Shiki’s sister) and Shiki Nogi, Togo www.philipseaton.net 15 16 The Impact of Novels Novel vs Drama Novel Drama 1,296 installments 13 episodes (1968-72) (2009-2011) Character study of Dramatized history 3 main characters textbook and other minor characters. “the talk will discuss how and why despite the Long sections of Short sections of technological wizardry of the modern film industry, it “narration” “narration” is still the written word that underpins these and many of the other most successful examples of Shiki’s death a Shiki’s death half quarter of the way way through the tourism induced by works of popular culture.” through the novel. drama. www.philipseaton.net www.philipseaton.net 17 18
Russian Cemetary, Matsuyama Akiyama Brothers Statues www.philipseaton.net www.philipseaton.net 19 20 Natsume Soseki and Dogo Onsen Matsuyama Castle Botchan Square Dogo onsen www.philipseaton.net www.philipseaton.net 21 22 Traveling Clouds Above the Hill Traveling Clouds Above the Hill Russo-Japanese Russo-Japanese War sites War sites www.philipseaton.net www.philipseaton.net 23 24
Birthplace of Togo Heihachiro Battleship Mikasa www.philipseaton.net www.philipseaton.net 25 26 Nogi Shrine Yushukan, at Yasukuni Shrine www.philipseaton.net www.philipseaton.net 27 28 Museum of Naval History, Etajima Traveling Clouds Above the Hill Clouds Above the Hill locations www.philipseaton.net www.philipseaton.net 29 30
Threadneedle Street / Cornhill Old Royal Naval College, Greenwich www.philipseaton.net www.philipseaton.net 31 32 Etajima Traveling Clouds Above the Hill Filming locations www.philipseaton.net www.philipseaton.net 33 34 Shooting Locations vs Actual Locations Community Building and Branding “Matsuyama, the town of Clouds Above the Hill” Actual site (Matsuyama), Shooting location, shooting location on far from Matsuyama Itsukushima. www.philipseaton.net www.philipseaton.net 35 36
The Shiki Museum The Akiyama Brothers’ Birthplace Museum www.philipseaton.net www.philipseaton.net 37 38 The Clouds Above the Hill Museum Machizukuri Zones in Matsuyama www.philipseaton.net www.philipseaton.net 39 40 Critiques of “the Shiba View of History” Tourist Numbers in Matsuyama Shimanami Clouds Above Kaido boom the Hill boom 7,000,000 6,000,000 Nakatsuka Akira, Yasuwara 5,000,000 Junosuke, Daigo Satoshi, 4,000,000 3,000,000 Questioning the Historical 2,000,000 1,000,000 Views in Clouds Above the Hill . 0 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2003 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 CATH Museum opens CATH Part I broadcast NHK Drama decided CATH Machizukuri www.philipseaton.net www.philipseaton.net 41 42
Clouds Above the Hill Museum Visitor Shiki Museum Visitor Numbers Numbers Dec. 2009, 2010, 2011 https://www.city.matsuyama.ehime.jp/shisei/kakukaichiran/sangyoukeizaibu/kankokokusai.files/kankokyakusuitei-H27.pdf https://www.city.matsuyama.ehime.jp/shisei/kakukaichiran/sangyoukeizaibu/kankokokusai.files/kankokyakusuitei-H27.pdf A classic pattern of “contents tourism” Less obvious, but nevertheless visible, pattern of “contents tourism” www.philipseaton.net www.philipseaton.net 43 44 The Novel’s Impact on Matsuyama Other Examples Sakamoto Ryoma “the talk will discuss how and why despite the technological wizardry of the modern film industry, it Hijikata is still the written word that underpins these and Toshizo many of the other most successful examples of tourism induced by works of popular culture.” www.philipseaton.net www.philipseaton.net 45 46 A Father of Heritage Tourism Jane Austen and Contents Tourism Shiba Ryotaro, 1923-1996 www.philipseaton.net 47 48
The Jane Austen Festival, Bath Literary Tourism Jane Austen’s Austen’s grave House Museum www.philipseaton.net www.philipseaton.net 49 50 Turning Point Contentsization www.philipseaton.net www.philipseaton.net 51 52 Lyme Park The Jane Austen Centre www.philipseaton.net www.philipseaton.net 53 54
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