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The tools of Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) Wairarapa Workshop 16 February 2017 Golder Associates (NZ) Limited Bob Bower - Principal Hydrologist Overview MAR concepts and principles Practical NZ example(s) Questions and discussion

  1. The tools of Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) Wairarapa Workshop – 16 February 2017 Golder Associates (NZ) Limited Bob Bower - Principal Hydrologist

  2. Overview MAR – concepts and principles Practical NZ example(s) Questions and discussion HINDS MAR PILOT PROJECT | GOLDER ASSOCIATES NEW ZEALAND

  3. Integrated Systems Approach Water Management Systems • A ‘healthy aquifer’ is good for everyone • Catchment-scale and conjunctive management solutions • Integration of surface and groundwater resources • MAR trial sites – education and technical information gathering • Build diverse partnerships from start

  4. What is MAR? Generally a set of physical tools to proactively manage the replenishment of groundwater supplies HINDS MAR PILOT PROJECT | GOLDER ASSOCIATES NEW ZEALAND

  5. Managed Aquifer Recharge The physical tools HINDS MAR PILOT PROJECT | GOLDER ASSOCIATES NEW ZEALAND

  6. Infiltration Basins A tool of MAR HINDS MAR PILOT PROJECT | GOLDER ASSOCIATES NEW ZEALAND

  7. CAP Recharge Program, Arizona March 28, 2017 7

  8. The Tools of MAR Think of it as a toolbox HINDS MAR PILOT PROJECT | GOLDER ASSOCIATES NEW ZEALAND

  9. Means to an end… Really its about catchment-scale, conjunctive, sustainable groundwater management. Tools of MAR Groundwater Replenishment System HINDS MAR PILOT PROJECT | GOLDER ASSOCIATES NEW ZEALAND

  10. Ground Water Replenishment Systems

  11. How does MAR work? HINDS MAR PILOT PROJECT | GOLDER ASSOCIATES NEW ZEALAND

  12. BALANCING GROUNDWATER STORAGE MAR to offset mass balance changes ADDITIONAL YIELD ADDITIONAL ADDITIONAL MAR SUSTAINABLE YIELD ALLOCATION OVER MAR ALLOCATION ABSTRACTION IRRIGATION & NATURAL YIELD RACES GROUNDWATER RAINFALL OUTFLOW EVAPORATION RIVER & SPRINGS & STREAMS BASEFLOW DISCHARGE RECHARGE DECLINING STORAGE & SPRING FLOWS INCREASING STORAGE & BASEFLOWS NATURAL GROUNDWATER STORAGE MANAGED STORAGE HINDS MAR PILOT PROJECT | GOLDER ASSOCIATES NEW ZEALAND

  13. TWO MAR PILOT PROJECT CURRENTLY UNDERWAY IN NZ Gisborne MAR Pilot Hinds MAR Modelling & Pilot(s) Ground Water Replenishment Systems HINDS MAR PILOT PROJECT | GOLDER ASSOCIATES NEW ZEALAND

  14. Hinds HINDS RIVER Catchment MAYFIELD HINDS Between Rangitata to VALETTA Ashburton Rivers VALETTA MAYFIELD HINDS HINDS MAR PILOT PROJECT | GOLDER ASSOCIATES NEW ZEALAND

  15. Pilot Project Partners All the contributors HINDS MAR PILOT PROJECT | GOLDER ASSOCIATES NEW ZEALAND

  16. Changing dynamic groundwater storage DEPTH OF BORE LEVELS (K37/0300 – GWE-4) 1973 – 2016 0 IRRIGATION & STOCKWATER EFFICIENCIES + GROUNDWATER USAGE WETTER SEASONS -5 Depth to Groundwater (m) -10 -15 DROUGHT SEASONS -20 -22.8m DROUGHT SEASONS -25 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2012 2014 2016 Time HINDS MAR PILOT PROJECT | GOLDER ASSOCIATES NEW ZEALAND

  17. QUALITY TRENDS Rise of Nitrate Levels 12 Drinking water max accepted value (MAV) Average Annual Nitrate-Nitrogen Concentration (mg/L) 10 SHALLOW GROUNDWATER SURFACE WATER DRAINS 8 Guideline – 80% protection of aquatic biodiversity 6 Half MAV average concentration target 4 Guideline – 90% protection of aquatic biodiversity DEEP GROUNDWATER 2 0 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 HINDS MAR PILOT PROJECT | GOLDER ASSOCIATES NEW ZEALAND

  18. Hinds QUANT ANTITY Cap new groundwater allocations Mitigations Review existing permits for actual usage (metering rule) Community solutions Allow surface users to transfer to groundwater Initiate MAR pilot for proof of concept testing QUALI ALITY Reduce nitrogen losses at farm level up to 36% by 2035 Restriction of new ‘intensification’ of land use until target is reached (< 6.9 mg/L) Initiate MAR pilot for proof of concept testing HINDS MAR PILOT PROJECT | GOLDER ASSOCIATES NEW ZEALAND

  19. Why did we HINDS RIVER pick this site? MAYFIELD HINDS MAR testing location VALETTA background VALETTA MAR Site final location MAYFIELD HINDS Higher nitrate plume Most impacted baseflows HINDS MAR PILOT PROJECT | GOLDER ASSOCIATES NEW ZEALAND

  20. SENT 5 YEAR CONSENT MAR Pilot Phase 1 (Year 1) and Phase 2 Project SOUR URCE CE WATE TER 2016 – 2021 Rangitata River ADC Existing Consent (500 L/s) MANA NAGEMEN GEMENT Hinds MAR Working Group FUND NDING NG MPI, Ecan, Community & In-kind PROJECT OJECT RES ESEA EARCH CH Nitrogen tracking, rural drinking water, aquifer mapping & modelling HINDS MAR PILOT PROJECT | GOLDER ASSOCIATES NEW ZEALAND

  21. SITE FUNCTIONALITY MAR Site – Intake off Valetta Irrigation VALETTA POND #3 INTAKE GATE CONTROL HOUSE MANUAL CONTROL & COMMS EQUIPEMENT VALETTA POND #3 OUTLFOW (BEHIND TRUCK) ESG ON WOODEN BOARD Note – board is facing Gate House MAR FLUME #1 HINDS MAR PILOT PROJECT | GOLDER ASSOCIATES NEW ZEALAND

  22. MAR OPERATIONS Infiltration Basin with Forebay, and Monitoring MAR SITE BORE FOREBAY TIMARU TRACK MAIN INFILTRATION BASIN MAIN BASIN LEVEL BYPASS GATE MAR SITE BOUNDARY HINDS MAR PILOT PROJECT | GOLDER ASSOCIATES NEW ZEALAND

  23. Site Operations Results General operations – progressing At the MAR Site well Current recharge rates – 100 to 105 L/s Total recharge (to date) – 1.9 million m³ (2% of allocation limit) >220 days operations (started 10 June 2016) HINDS MAR PILOT PROJECT | GOLDER ASSOCIATES NEW ZEALAND

  24. HINDS MAR PILOT PROJECT MONITORING NETWORK Mountains to the sea – monitoring surface and groundwater, dependent ecology MAR SITE GWD-01 GWE-01 GWD-02 GWE-02 & GWE-11 GWD-03 GWE-03 GWE-15 & GWE-12 GWE-17 GWD-04 GWE-13 GWE-04 GWE-05 GWE-16 GWD-05 Existing monitoring sites New monitoring sites (Golder 2016) Surface water Ecology monitoring sites ECAN water quality wells HINDS MAR PILOT PROJECT | GOLDER ASSOCIATES NEW ZEALAND

  25. Water Quantity Results Start 10 June 2016 – 150+ days of operations HINDS MAR PILOT PROJECT | GOLDER ASSOCIATES NEW ZEALAND

  26. CROSS SECTION FROM MAR SITE TO FRASTERS ROAD What is going on down below INFILTRATION BASIN SILTY GRAVEL CLEAN GRAVEL SILT SILTY GRAVEL REGIONAL GROUNDWATER SYSTEM 30 m 270 m 1,000 m 2,200 m HINDS MAR PILOT PROJECT | GOLDER ASSOCIATES NEW ZEALAND

  27. CROSS SECTION FROM MAR SITE TO FRASTERS ROAD What is going on down below Da 0.25 0.55 0.75 1 y 1,100m³ 2,300m³ 3,500m³ 4,600m³ INFILTRATION BASIN SILTY GRAVEL CLEAN GRAVEL SILT SILTY GRAVEL REGIONAL GROUNDWATER SYSTEM 30 m 270 m 1,000 m 2,200 m HINDS MAR PILOT PROJECT | GOLDER ASSOCIATES NEW ZEALAND

  28. CROSS SECTION FROM MAR SITE TO FRASTERS ROAD What is going on down below 1,000,000m³ Da 100 120 14 5 870,000m³ y 30,700m³ 9,400m³ INFILTRATION BASIN SILTY GRAVEL CLEAN GRAVEL SILT SILTY GRAVEL REGIONAL GROUNDWATER SYSTEM 30 m 270 m 1,000 m 2,200 m HINDS MAR PILOT PROJECT | GOLDER ASSOCIATES NEW ZEALAND

  29. Movement of clean water plume Slower than pressure response of groundwater SILTY GRAVEL CLEAN GRAVEL SILT SILTY GRAVEL REGIONAL GROUNDWATER SYSTEM 2.8 mg/L 2.8 mg/L 2.5 mg/L 12.7 mg/L 30 m 270 m 1,000 m 2,200 m HINDS MAR PILOT PROJECT | GOLDER ASSOCIATES NEW ZEALAND

  30. GROUNDWATER LEVELS MEASURED FROM SURFACE 5 10 Groundwater level as measured from the surface (m) DEPTH TO WATER 10 8 Nitrate N Concentration (mgN/L) 15 6 20 4 FIELD MONITORING LAB RESULTS NO3-N 25 2 LINCOLN AGRITECH SENSOR NO3-N 30 0 27/4/ 17/5/ 6/6/1 26/6/ 16/7/ 5/8/1 25/8/ 14/9/ 4/10/ 16 16 6 16 16 6 16 16 16 HINDS MAR PILOT PROJECT | GOLDER ASSOCIATES NEW ZEALAND

  31. Year 1 operations – 9 June 2017 Project Summary Final reports – August 2017 Where we’re at Year 2 operations would start on 10 June 2017 Phase 2: Governance Group 1 st March 2017 Develop business case for Groundwater Replenishment Scheme for Mid-Canterbury Peter Lowe, Chairman - Hinds MAR Pilot Working Group - HINDS MAR PILOT PROJECT | GOLDER ASSOCIATES NEW ZEALAND

  32. Managing Groundwater at Catchment Level Groundwater Replenishment Scheme – “A systems approach” HINDS MAR PILOT PROJECT | GOLDER ASSOCIATES NEW ZEALAND

  33. Hinds Catchment: Groundwater Replenishment Programme GRS Focus Areas Upper Plains – large infiltration basins (water banking) Mid- Plains: ‘on - farm’ galleries or smaller basins (nitrogen mitigation and water banking) Coastal springs: basins/galleries (targeted baseflows and offset pumping)

  34. Ground Water Replenishment Scheme Modelling MIKE SHE (DHI) Model Patrick Durney (2014, 2015) HINDS Plains Canterbury

  35. Ground Water Replenishment Scheme Modelling 4 th Year MIKE SHE (DHI) Model Patrick Durney (2014, 2015) HINDS Plains Canterbury

  36. Ground Water Replenishment Scheme Modelling 10 th Year MIKE SHE (DHI) Model Patrick Durney (2014, 2015) HINDS Plains Canterbury

  37. Groundwater storage and restored Ground Water Storage & baseflows Restored Baseflows Spring-fed streams baseflows (m 3 /s) Change in storage (Million m 3 ) Year 1 Year 15 Year 30 1Million m 3 = 1 gigalitres 1 m 3 /s = 1,000 L/s Golder Associates Golder Associates | New Zealand | New Zealand

  38. TWO MAR PILOT PROJECT CURRENTLY UNDERWAY IN NZ Gisborne MAR Pilot Hinds MAR Modelling & Pilot(s) Ground Water Replenishment Systems POVERTY BAY MAR PILOT PROJECT | GOLDER ASSOCIATES NEW ZEALAND

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