7/17/2018 Late Communications Energy Commission July 25, 2018 Oakland EcoBlock EcoBlock Pathway to Urban Sustainability: IMPLEM PLEMENTING ENTING URB URBAN CLIM CLIMATE CHAN CHANGE AD ADAPTATION A Transformative Response to Climate Change BY BY ME MEAN ANS OF OF AN AN INTE INTEGRATED DE DESIGN SIGN SOL SOLUTION City of Berkeley – June 27, 2018 U.S. cities represent a huge climate change problem Our CO2 & water footprints are invisible during the day 80.7% of the U.S. population lives in urban areas 40% of U.S. GHG emissions emanate from buildings Residential share of GHG emissions ≈ 53% of all total buildings 1
7/17/2018 Late Communications Energy Commission July 25, 2018 The extent of the challenge is revealed at night California’s energy footprint is not sustainable Urban sprawl is putting severe pressure on infrastructure systems Climate change uncertainty is exposing cities to heightened risks Los Angeles San Francisco Bay Area Climate change is a huge long ‐ term risk for California The integrated design problem of greening our cities Social outreach, engineering, legal/regulatory, finance & environment Wa Warming ng trends ends average temperatures rose nearly 2 F people energy water transportation during the 2 nd half of 20 th century & are still rising (Source: NASA) Probable future climate regime: extremes of drought & rainfall Ci Citi ties are are expose exposed to to gre greate test ri risks sks & wastewater microclimate food business & finance CA CA is is th the nat nation’s ’s mo most st urban urban sta state 95 95% of population lives in cities 2016 pop. = 39 million 2030 pop. = 44 million no long ‐ term, budgeted solutions 2
7/17/2018 Late Communications Energy Commission July 25, 2018 The ‘sweet spot’ that solves the integrated design problem Global Too Abstract Continent Country Region The EcoBlock Hypothesis: Too Big City The most cost ‐ effective level to drive District zero ‐ carbon, resilient urban systems at Neighborhood Sweet spot affordable cost, based on environmental Block equity & shared prosperity is the block ‐ Family Too small neighborhood ‐ district scale . Individual Why can the city block be a key to urban sustainability? 1865 ‐ 1940: birth & expansion of the block system… Oak Oakland, land, 186 1869. U.S. cities are built on a grid plan 3
7/17/2018 Late Communications Energy Commission July 25, 2018 There are 3,500 potential EcoBlocks in Oakland The same pattern of grid plan development was Oakland, Oak land, 193 1939. repeated throughout California (& the U.S.) Modesto Modesto Sacramento Sacra to By aggregating energy, water, wastewater & transportation on a Despite varying geometries all residential blocks are the same block ‐ scale, EcoBlocks can drive dramatic cost ‐ efficiencies, The aggregation of houses into closely ‐ packed, discrete parcels impossible at the individual house ‐ scale 4
7/17/2018 Late Communications Energy Commission July 25, 2018 EcoBlock – Opportunities & Challenges Block ‐ scale retrofits can solve the integrated design problem of greening our cities ‐‐ at affordable cost Conf nfronted ronted wi with th th the th threat of of clim climate ch chan ange & age agein ing housin housing: Opportunities – The future is retrofitting 1. People • a vast vast market market: 80 80% of of U.S. U.S. residen residentia ial hou housin ing inve inventory 2. Energy • +50% +50% of of US US GHG GHG emission ssions from from residen residentia ial ho housin ing & priv private cars cars 3. Transportation • hu huge dem demand for for inve investment in in gree green jo jobs bs & effici cien ency cy tec technologies • un untapped sup supply ly of of ‘green reen infrastructu frastructure re fina financin ing’ in in deb debt cap capita tal markets markets 4. Water Challenges – The size of the task 5. Wastewater • gig gigantic ic hou housin ing stoc stock in urgent need of repair and/or upgrades 6. Microclimate • inef inefficie ficient home energy & water systems • defe deferre red maintenanc nance of water, storm water & sewage infrastructure 7. Food • depen ende denc nce on fossil fuel cars 8. Financing • glob global wa warming ing ‐ predicted severe heat ‐ waves & long ‐ term droughts Oakland EcoBlock profile Solving the integrated design problem of greening cities 30 30 bui uilding dings 1. 1. People People 28 houses (often 2 ‐ 3 units per house) 2 multiple dwellings (20 studio flats) 2. Energy aver average building building age: age: over over 10 100 year years in need of repair/restoration 3. Transportation energy inefficient ‐ big GHG contribution 4. Potable Water water & wastewater wasteful dem demogra raphics 5. Wastewater families + kids, singles, retired couples approximately 110 inhabitants 6. Microclimate mi mixed ethnic hnicities ties mostly white, African ‐ American, Asian 7. Food socio socio ‐ econom economic sta status lower ‐ to ‐ middle class 8. Finance some gentrification 5
7/17/2018 Late Communications Energy Commission July 25, 2018 Solving the integrated design problem of greening cities Electricity: communal, solar rooftop microgrid system 1. People Utility Garage 2. 2. Energy ergy 3. Transportation 4. Potable Water 5. Wastewater 6. Microclimate 7. Food 8. Finance All solar electricity: integrated overview All ‐ solar electric: communal, rooftop ‐ PV, DC microgrid Syste System arch archit itectu ture re: ~250 kW PV, DC microgrid operates via a utility loop under the sidewalk (blu (blue) single connection to the grid utility garage housing the power electronics and storage. Estim Estimate ted PV PV syste system output: put: 450 MWh/year 80% lower electricity usage Flywheel removes natural gas in homes storage CO2 reduction 90% 6
7/17/2018 Late Communications Energy Commission July 25, 2018 Communal, on ‐ site advanced flywheel storage Nighttime storage for homes, EVs, smart street lighting mu multi ‐ hour hour flywheel ywheel tec echnol hnology gy • 30 ‐ year design life • minimal operations/maintenance • zero CO2 emissions • no capacity degradation • unlimited daily cycling • > 88% round ‐ trip efficiency (DC) • passive air cooling: no HVAC required • operates in extreme high & low temperatures with zero efficiency loss • no hazardous materials • low cost manufacturing process • high end ‐ of ‐ life value material • 100% recyclable Environmental case for solar electrifying California’s cities: Solving the integrated design problem of greening cities 1. People • Average Oakland block = 40 homes 2. Energy • 40 homes produce = 450MWh/year • Oakland has 3,500 potential EcoBlocks 3. 3. Transport ansportation tion • 450MWh/year x 3,500 blocks 4. Potable Water = 1,575 575 GWh/year GWh/year 5. Wastewater • > Topaz Solar Farm in San Luis Obispo = 1,100 100 GWh/year GWh/year 6. Microclimate • = 5x California's in ‐ state coal ‐ generated 7. Food electricity in 2016 (324 324 GWh/year GWh/year) 8. Finance 7
7/17/2018 Late Communications Energy Commission July 25, 2018 Solving the integrated design problem of greening cities The EV ‐ home integration: revolutionizing transportation 1. People Toda Today ‐ residential homes & private 2. Energy automotive 3. Transportation transportation are separate… 4. Po 4. Potable ble Wa Water Tom Tomorro rrow ‐ shared, 5. Wastewater sustainable mobility will be an extension of 6. Microclimate the house, part of an integrated system of 7. Food solar ‐ powered smart 8. Finance appliances. Water, storm water & wastewater Water conservation in the home 5 L/hr NASA Forward water recy wat ecyclin ling clo clothes wa washer Osmosis System 80% water recovery • • saves on average 600 gal/year • low installation costs gr gray wat water to to toile ilet • 75% water recovery 12 L/hr NASA Forward • low ‐ flow toilets Osmosis System • saves on average 750 gal/year • higher installation costs wat water fix fixtures Storm water • economical taps & shower heads collection • ow installation costs 8
7/17/2018 Late Communications Energy Commission July 25, 2018 Solving the integrated design problem of greening cities Treated wastewater: re ‐ using a resource 1. People 1. no loss of water to sewer 2. Energy 2. waste solids transformed into valuable compost 3. Transportation 3. nutrient ‐ rich water ideal for 4. Potable Water fruit & vegetable gardens, 5. Wa 5. Wastew stewater ater landscaping & streetscaping 6. Microclimate 4. nitrogen, phosphorus & potassium (NPK) re ‐ cycled to 7. Food enrich local soils 8. Finance Environ. Sci. Technol. 2011, 45, 7100–7106. EcoBlock design: potable water savings up to 70% Solving the integrated design problem of greening cities 1. People • estimated home home savings: 40% roof ‐ top water capture & reuse 2. Energy efficient water conservation fixtures 3. Transportation sink & shower gray water re ‐ cycling = 40% of potable water consumption 4. Potable Water • estimated landsca landscape savings: 30% 5. Wastewater average California home uses 30% potable water for landscaping & gardens 6. 6. Mi Microcl croclimate wastewater reuse avoids wasting potable 7. Food • estimated combine combined savings : 70% 70% 8. Finance 9
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