Cheap and efficient application of reliable Ground Source Heat exchangers and Pumps Training Workshop Nouveau type de sondes géothermiques et nouvelle méthode de placement MSc Jacques VERCRUYSSE GEO-GREEN sprl-bvba
Cheap-GSHPs (Cheap and Efficient Application of Reliable Ground Source Heat Exchangers and Pumps) 1. New BHE devopped : • Helix BHE: • State of art • New developments: probes and machines • Case study • Areas of application • Coax BHE: • State of art • New developments: probes and machines • Case study • Advantages and disadvantages • Prospects for the future 2. Case study: Ecohouse in Putte Training workshop BRUSSELS – BE 26 april 2019 Jacques VERCRUYSSE
Cheap-GSHPs (Cheap and Efficient Application of Reliable Ground Source Heat Exchangers and Pumps) State of art BSHE IN HDPE WITH DIAM = 500 mm METHOD OF INSTALLATION TO DEPTH = 3-5 m EXTRACTION POTENTIAL = 40 – 80 W/m AMBITIOUS APPLICATION : • buildings class A - A+ with low requirements • Stable soils Training workshop BRUSSELS – BE 26 april 2019 Jacques VERCRUYSSE
Cheap-GSHPs (Cheap and Efficient Application of Reliable Ground Source Heat Exchangers and Pumps) New developments CONCEPT: • Reduce the diameter allowing to reach greater depths with the 'Dry Auger' method BHE DEVELOPMENTS: • Al/PEX continuous tube • Diameter = 300-340 mm • Pitch = 600-650 mm • Total length = 25 m • Prototypes tested at Molinella (Italy, near Bologna) Training workshop BRUSSELS – BE 26 april 2019 Jacques VERCRUYSSE é
Cheap-GSHPs (Cheap and Efficient Application of Reliable Ground Source Heat Exchangers and Pumps) New developments CONCEPT: • Reduce the diameter allowing to reach greater depths with the 'Dry Auger' method DEVELOPMENTS OF THE DRILLING MACHINE AND COMPONENTS : • High torque rotary head machine • Dry Auger with outside diameter = 400 mm and inside diameter = 350 mm • Point to lose Training workshop BRUSSELS – BE 26 april 2019 Jacques VERCRUYSSE
Cheap-GSHPs (Cheap and Efficient Application of Reliable Ground Source Heat Exchangers and Pumps) Case studies PIKERMI (Greece) ERLANGEN VALENCIA (Spain) (Deutchland) Borehole 0.108 (mK)/W 0.18 (mK)/W 0.222 (mK)/W resistance Power 70 W/m 62 – 88 W/m 80 W/m output /m Training workshop BRUSSELS – BE 26 april 2019 Jacques VERCRUYSSE
Cheap-GSHPs (Cheap and Efficient Application of Reliable Ground Source Heat Exchangers and Pumps) Results CAN BE REACHED IN DEPTHS OF 8-14 METRES: • In loose soils • The maximum depth depends on the type of soil INSTALLATION TAKES ABOUT A DAY HIGH YIELD PER METER: • Up to 88 W/m • 500 - 1200 W per heat exchanger AREAS OF APPLICATION: • Buildings with low energy requirements • Unconsolidated soils (sand, clay even if not stable) • Depth limited by authorities (drinking water aquifers close to the surface) • Insufficient surface area for traditional solutions with horizontal systems Training workshop BRUSSELS – BE 26 april 2019 Jacques VERCRUYSSE
Cheap-GSHPs (Cheap and Efficient Application of Reliable Ground Source Heat Exchangers and Pumps) State of art At the beginning in 2006: • Coaxial probe diameter = 50 mm SS304-SS304L • Depth up to 20 m • Penetrometer • Automatic TIG welding • Patents Tecnopenta srl (Soc. Soc. Socia RED srl) • Four installations performed CONFRONT WITH BHE Dubble U (Vigonza-Italy): • Extraction of thermal energy in transient mode +30% Training workshop BRUSSELS – BE 26 april 2019 Jacques VERCRUYSSE
Cheap-GSHPs (Cheap and Efficient Application of Reliable Ground Source Heat Exchangers and Pumps) State of art EVOLUTION in 2008 : • Coaxial probe diameter = 50 mm SS304-SS316 • Used Hydra Vibrasond 500 Machine • Depth = 50-100 m • Automatic TIG welding • Patent Hydra-Tecnopenta srl (RED srl) • Various installations and drilling machines • Installation with cathodic protection in Piazza San Marco (Venice) in 2011 : • Coaxial probe diameter = 50 mm SS304 • Hydra Vibrasond Machine • Award of Innovation : • 2012 Mons (Belgium) • 2014 Batibouw (Belgium) • Meters of probes installed to date : > 30.000 m • In soft soils and rocks Training workshop BRUSSELS – BE 26 april 2019 Jacques VERCRUYSSE
Cheap-GSHPs (Cheap and Efficient Application of Reliable Ground Source Heat Exchangers and Pumps) New development of probe STUDIED PROBE : ENERGY YIELD SIMULATIONS : • • Diameters 60-70mm Up to +13% • • Insulated inner tube Not relevant • • Helical inner tube +4% • • Conductive fluid injection Wide potential but different problems TEST ON A MOLINELLA SITE (near Bologna, Italy) : • Field installation with all types of probes • TRT on all types of probes • In the long term, the soil characteristics and the diameter of the probe are decisive • Borehole resistance (RB) lower for metal probes • Metal probes are more reactive in transient mode Training workshop BRUSSELS – BE 26 april 2019 Jacques VERCRUYSSE
Cheap-GSHPs (Cheap and Efficient Application of Reliable Ground Source Heat Exchangers and Pumps) New developments in machines and methods EVOLUTION METHODS: • New head of insertion • Rotation • High pressure water injection • Vibration • Drilling tip • Trilame-Tricone • With non-return valve • Pipes connection • Welded • Screwed TEST ON MOLINELLA SITE (near Bologna, Italy): • BHE of 100 m installed in 3 hours ! PATENT APPLICATION FILED IN ITALY IN DECEMBER 2018 Training workshop BRUSSELS – BE 26 april 2019 Jacques VERCRUYSSE
Cheap-GSHPs (Cheap and Efficient Application of Reliable Ground Source Heat Exchangers and Pumps) Bioclimatic office building of CRES (Greece) Thermal Depth Water depth Thermal resistance, BHE Main geology conductivity, m m mK/W W/mK Lower RB Helix 0.115 15 clay 15 4.129 Coax 0.050 50 clay 8 2.643 Single U 0.130 119 clay, sand 8 3.196 Dubble U 0.073 121 clay, sand 8 2.965 Lower borehole resistance Compared to a Coax double U probe, coaxial probes show a yield of more than 30% (80-100 W/m compared to 50 W/m) during the operating phase Training workshop BRUSSELS – BE 26 april 2019 Jacques VERCRUYSSE
Cheap-GSHPs (Cheap and Efficient Application of Reliable Ground Source Heat Exchangers and Pumps) Ecohouse in Belgium (1/3) BHE of 78 m : • 2 dubbel U • 2 coax diam 50 mm (48,6 mm) • 2 coax diam 76 mm (one with isolated inner pipe) On all borehole heat exchangers thermal energy meters have been installed to evaluate their performance in normal operating conditions of the heat pump Feasability of the piling method in the hard clay layers has been demonstrated : a rate of penetration of 2 meters per minute was reached. Training workshop BRUSSELS – BE 26 april 2019 Jacques VERCRUYSSE
Cheap-GSHPs (Cheap and Efficient Application of Reliable Ground Source Heat Exchangers and Pumps) Ecohouse in Belgium(2/3) Borehole resistance (K/Wm) Conductivity (W/mK) BHE Coax 76 mm w/insulated 2,06 0,036 Lower R b Coax 76 mm w/o insulated 0,061 2,27 Double U 0,076 2,16 Coax 50 mm 0,048 2,31 Compared to the Confrontation W/m New Coax 0,03 double U, coaxial 0,025 Old coax probes achieve a yield 0,02 of 10-20% in addition W/m doppia U 0,015 W/m coax REHAU under normal W/m coax 50 1 0,01 operating conditions W/m coax large PE 0,005 0 -0,005 Training workshop BRUSSELS – BE 26 april 2019 Jacques VERCRUYSSE
Cheap-GSHPs (Cheap and Efficient Application of Reliable Ground Source Heat Exchangers and Pumps) Ecohouse in Belgium(3/3) Monitoring BHE of 78 m : data to 24/04/2019 Heat extraction power in W/m (on total time !) • 2 dubbel U : +/- 6 W/m • coax diam 50 mm : +/- 6-7 W/m • coax diam 76 mm : +/- 9 W/m In transient flow ! => short cycle of HP (> 30 min) Training workshop BRUSSELS – BE 26 april 2019 Jacques VERCRUYSSE
Cheap-GSHPs (Cheap and Efficient Application of Reliable Ground Source Heat Exchangers and Pumps) ADVANTAGES Less invasive No need of casing High thermal conductivity • Low Rb • Metal outer tube • Direct contact with the ground Energy extraction up to +30% compared to Double U in transient mode Faster installation in soils that need casing Lower expansion of the inox => STORAGE of energy Type Diam Rb Expansion Yield borehole ° K/(W/m) (mm/m/ ° ) (mm) Double U (PE) 125 – 160 0,08 – 0,12 0,020 standard Double U (PE-Xa) 125 - 160 0,08 – 0,12 0,015 standard Coax PE 100 0,06 – 0,12 0,020 + 5% Coax Inox 0 - 90 0,03 – 0,06 0,0015 + 5 à 30 % Training workshop BRUSSELS – BE 26 april 2019 Jacques VERCRUYSSE
Cheap-GSHPs (Cheap and Efficient Application of Reliable Ground Source Heat Exchangers and Pumps) ADVANTAGES Oblique BHE Training workshop BRUSSELS – BE 26 april 2019 Jacques VERCRUYSSE
Cheap-GSHPs (Cheap and Efficient Application of Reliable Ground Source Heat Exchangers and Pumps) ADVANTAGES Training workshop BRUSSELS – BE 26 april 2019 Jacques VERCRUYSSE
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