NC-CELL: Network Coding-based Content Distribution in Cellular Networks for Cloud Applications Claudio Fiandrino ∗ , Dzmitry Kliazovich ∗ , Pascal Bouvry ∗ and Albert Y. Zomaya † ∗ University of Luxembourg - † The University of Sydney Introduction Results The NC-CELL Technique Mobile cloud applications is one of the fastest Number of transmissions at eNodeB: growing markets: measuring throughput improvement • Mobile data traffic will rise up to 15 EB per · 10 4 Buffers Network Coding month by 2018 NC-CELL Disabled 1 Num. Transmissions 0 . 8 • By 2017 4.4 billion people will use mobile 0 . 6 cloud applications 0 . 4 S-GW P-GW Internet Cloud • $ 45 billion market NC-CELL Enabled 0 . 2 • 90% of all mobile data traffic by 2018 MME 0 2 4 1 000 6 800 600 8 E-UTRAN Evolved Packet Core 400 UE 100% 200 10 k Non-Cloud 10 % 12 % 14 % 15 % n 17 % 18 % Cloud LTE Network Coding gain: 50% 90 % 88 % 86 % 85 % 83 % measuring the benefit of network coding 82 % Key aspects: Coding opportunities 7 0 • Monitor and cache in transit traffic 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 eNodeBs can distribute information needed 6 k = 10 • Identify coding opportunities by two or more users with a single coded 5 Coding gain η Source: Cisco Visual Networking Index: Global Mobile Data Traf- k = 8 4 transmission. • Use of network coding to combine packets k = 6 fic Forecast Update, 2013-2018 3 k = 4 2 k = 2 Optimal allocation for content distribution Network Coding in Cellular 1 0 10 100 200 300 400 500 Networks Num. common chunks n u k c 2 k , k c n , k c k , k Conclusion c n − k , 1 ⊕ c n − k + 1 , 2 c 2 k − 1 , k − 1 ⊕ c 2 k , k Optimizing information delivery of flows with c k + 1 , 1 ⊕ c k + 2 , 2 c n − 1 , k − 1 ⊕ c n , k c k − 1 , k − 1 ⊕ c k , k Users c 1 , 1 ⊕ c 2 , 2 ⋮ ⋱ ⋱ ⋱ overlapping or partially overlapping content. ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ NC-CELL provides efficient content distribu- c n − k + 1 , 2 c k + 2 , 2 u 2 c 2 , 2 Important Facts tion for cloud applications in mobile cellular networks. It enables eNodeB nodes to mon- • Geographically co-located users c k + 1 , 1 c n − k , 1 u 1 c 1 , 1 itor and cache in transit traffic and exploits • Mobile cloud applications’ content network coding to combine packets. t • Advertisement - Individual Transmission Encoded Transmission • Maps Acknowledgements • Meteo • Google Now The authors would like to acknowledge the funding from National Research Fund, Luxem- bourg in the framework of ECO-CLOUD project Network coding to combine information flows (C12/IS/3977641).
NC-CELL: Network Coding-based Content Distribution in Cellular Networks for Cloud Applications Claudio Fiandrino ∗ , Dzmitry Kliazovich ∗ , Pascal Bouvry ∗ and Albert Y. Zomaya † ∗ University of Luxembourg - † The University of Sydney Encoding and Decoding Protocol Stack Procedure NC-CELL Operation Encoding Encoding • After GTP header removal • Two users: UE1 and UE2 • Before PDCP performs IP header • At eNodeB • Need to retrieve content A and content B from cloud application compression • Combining only content not packet • eNodeB exploits coding opportunity headers Decoding • Delivery to all interested users through PDSCH (primary and secondary users) • Primary users receive and decode UE1 UE2 eNodeB Cloud Application immediately Packet received Request A • Secondary users do not discard frame Packet request Send content A No Packet A UE1 Encoded packet? Cache and forward A UE1 Yes Packet A UE1 APP Process and store A UE1 NC Can be decoded No Request B Store in buffer using packet Packet request stored in buffer? IP NC Send content B UE2 Packet B UE2 Yes PDCP PDCP Cache and forward B UE2 Perform Packet B UE2 decoding RLC RLC Process and store B UE2 MAC MAC Request B Send packet to Packet request upper layer PHY PHY Send content B UE1 Packet B UE1 Check if B is in buffer User Equipment eNodeB Can any of the Yes previously stored Coding ( A ⊕ B ) UE1 , UE2 Packet ( A ⊕ B ) UE1 , UE2 LTE-Uu coded packets be decoded? Decode B using A UE1 Decode A using B UE2 No Contact Information End procedure Decoding • Claudio Fiandrino • At users’ side • Email: claudio.fiandrino@uni.lu • Immediate if one of the two content • Phone: +352 46 6644 5531 packets is already available
NC-CELL: Network Coding-based Content Distribution in Cellular Networks for Cloud Applications Claudio Fiandrino ∗ , Dzmitry Kliazovich ∗ , Pascal Bouvry ∗ and Albert Y. Zomaya † ∗ University of Luxembourg - † The University of Sydney Encoding and Decoding Protocol Stack Procedure NC-CELL Operation Encoding Encoding • After GTP header removal • Two users: UE1 and UE2 • Before PDCP performs IP header • At eNodeB • Need to retrieve content A and content B from cloud application compression • Combining only content not packet • eNodeB exploits coding opportunity headers Decoding • Delivery to all interested users through PDSCH (primary and secondary users) • Primary users receive and decode UE1 UE2 eNodeB Cloud Application immediately Packet received Request A • Secondary users do not discard frame Packet request Send content A No Packet A UE1 Encoded packet? Cache and forward A UE1 Yes Packet A UE1 APP Process and store A UE1 NC Can be decoded No Store in buffer using packet stored in buffer? IP NC Yes PDCP PDCP Perform decoding RLC RLC MAC MAC Send packet to upper layer PHY PHY User Equipment eNodeB Can any of the Yes previously stored LTE-Uu coded packets be decoded? No Contact Information End procedure Decoding • Claudio Fiandrino • At users’ side • Email: claudio.fiandrino@uni.lu • Immediate if one of the two content • Phone: +352 46 6644 5531 packets is already available
NC-CELL: Network Coding-based Content Distribution in Cellular Networks for Cloud Applications Claudio Fiandrino ∗ , Dzmitry Kliazovich ∗ , Pascal Bouvry ∗ and Albert Y. Zomaya † ∗ University of Luxembourg - † The University of Sydney Encoding and Decoding Protocol Stack Procedure NC-CELL Operation Encoding Encoding • After GTP header removal • Two users: UE1 and UE2 • Before PDCP performs IP header • At eNodeB • Need to retrieve content A and content B from cloud application compression • Combining only content not packet • eNodeB exploits coding opportunity headers Decoding • Delivery to all interested users through PDSCH (primary and secondary users) • Primary users receive and decode UE1 UE2 eNodeB Cloud Application immediately Packet received Request A • Secondary users do not discard frame Packet request Send content A No Packet A UE1 Encoded packet? Cache and forward A UE1 Yes Packet A UE1 APP Process and store A UE1 NC Can be decoded No Request B Store in buffer using packet Packet request stored in buffer? IP NC Send content B UE2 Packet B UE2 Yes PDCP PDCP Cache and forward B UE2 Perform Packet B UE2 decoding RLC RLC Process and store B UE2 MAC MAC Send packet to upper layer PHY PHY User Equipment eNodeB Can any of the Yes previously stored LTE-Uu coded packets be decoded? No Contact Information End procedure Decoding • Claudio Fiandrino • At users’ side • Email: claudio.fiandrino@uni.lu • Immediate if one of the two content • Phone: +352 46 6644 5531 packets is already available
NC-CELL: Network Coding-based Content Distribution in Cellular Networks for Cloud Applications Claudio Fiandrino ∗ , Dzmitry Kliazovich ∗ , Pascal Bouvry ∗ and Albert Y. Zomaya † ∗ University of Luxembourg - † The University of Sydney Encoding and Decoding Protocol Stack Procedure NC-CELL Operation Encoding Encoding • After GTP header removal • Two users: UE1 and UE2 • Before PDCP performs IP header • At eNodeB • Need to retrieve content A and content B from cloud application compression • Combining only content not packet • eNodeB exploits coding opportunity headers Decoding • Delivery to all interested users through PDSCH (primary and secondary users) • Primary users receive and decode UE1 UE2 eNodeB Cloud Application immediately Packet received Request A • Secondary users do not discard frame Packet request Send content A No Packet A UE1 Encoded packet? Cache and forward A UE1 Yes Packet A UE1 APP Process and store A UE1 NC Can be decoded No Request B Store in buffer using packet Packet request stored in buffer? IP NC Send content B UE2 Packet B UE2 Yes PDCP PDCP Cache and forward B UE2 Perform Packet B UE2 decoding RLC RLC Process and store B UE2 MAC MAC Request B Send packet to Packet request upper layer PHY PHY Send content B UE1 Packet B UE1 Check if B is in buffer User Equipment eNodeB Can any of the Yes previously stored Coding ( A ⊕ B ) UE1 , UE2 Packet ( A ⊕ B ) UE1 , UE2 LTE-Uu coded packets be decoded? Decode B using A UE1 Decode A using B UE2 No Contact Information End procedure Decoding • Claudio Fiandrino • At users’ side • Email: claudio.fiandrino@uni.lu • Immediate if one of the two content • Phone: +352 46 6644 5531 packets is already available
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