Naval Undersea Warfare Center [NUWC] ECE Team: Christian Corwel, - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Naval Undersea Warfare Center [NUWC] ECE Team: Christian Corwel, George Zoghbi, Stevan Webb ME Team: Menna Elfouly, Austin Gallimore, & Liam Perkins Mentors: Dr. James LeBlanc, Mike Sheahan Faculty Advisor: Dr. Abhishek Dutta

Presentation Outline 1. Overview and Requirements 2. Considered Design Concepts 3. Design Choice and Reasoning 4. Design Modeling and Simulation 5. Schedule and Budget

Project Overview Unmanned Underwater Vehicles are traditionally launched by pumping water behind a payload and using that force to expel the object from a tube Electromagnetic Launchers are the Future ❖ More efficient than traditional launchers ❖ Require less space on vessel Capable of producing high exit velocities ❖ Higher Reliability ❖ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torpedo_tube

System Requirements Goal To design and build an electromagnetic launch system that can expel a payload underwater from within a tube Deliverables ❖ Fully functional underwater prototype Calculations of magnetic force on payload ❖ Simulations of circuit behavior and magnetic field ❖ https://www.militaryaerospace.com/articles/2018/08/torpe do-guidance-sonar.html

Design Concept 1: MHD Pump Pros Cons - Will launch any sized - Requires complicated payload control circuit - - Uses seawater to force Low exit velocity payload out of tube - Only functional in - Highly reliable pump seawater used to launch - Difficult to scale for a model 1) https://www.brighthubengineering.com/naval-architecture/60576-how-can-a-ship-be-moved-by-magneto-hydrodynamic-propulsion/ 2) https://www.intellectualventures.com

Design Concept 2: Railgun Pros Cons - High exit velocity - Arcing can damage - rails Simple circuit design - Requires high - Can launch in any current/voltage environment - Lower reliability - Using an armature means different sized payloads can be launched https://science.howstuffworks.com/rail-gun1.htm

Design Concept 3: Coilgun Pros Cons - High launch size object - Requires high current flexibility - Generally lower exit - Simple circuit design velocities - - Low build cost Coils can increase - launcher weight No mechanical parts-high reliability 1) https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/8745/how-does-a-coilgun-work 2) http://hackedgadgets.com/wp-content/_coil_gun__2.jpg

Design Concept 4: EM Aircraft Launcher (EMALS) Pros Cons - Carriage can ferry - Requires rail system payload at high and carriage velocities - Must detach payload - No mechanical contact from carriage with the guiding rail - Requires a large - Applicable to many amount of space different systems 1) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:EMALS.JPG 2) https://www.geek.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/emals1-625x350.jpg

Design Assessment Railgun Coilgun EMAL MHD Requirements Score (1-5) Score (1-5) Score (1-5) Score (1-5) Simplicity of Design 4 5 2 1 Simplicity of Circuit 4 5 3 1 Size/Weight Constraints 3 4 3 3 Power Required 3 3 2 2 Launch size flexibility 4 4 3 5 Reliability 3 5 3 4 Exit Velocity 5 4 4 2 Cost Effective 4 5 2 4 30 35 22 22 Total

Coilgun Electromagnetic Principles Faraday’s Law of Induction Magnetic Field Induced in a Solenoid N = Number of Coil Turns dΦ/dt = Change in magnetic flux over the change of time Magnetic Field Induced by Current on a B = Magnetic Field https://physics.stackexchange.com Straight Wire μ o = Magnetic Permeability in Vacuum l = Length of the Coil I = Current (Amps)

Coilgun Specifications N = Number of Turns A = Area of Solenoid μ o = Magnetic Permeability l = Length of Solenoid L = Inductance of Solenoid Number Radius Length Inductance of Turns (inches) (inches) (mH) 200 2.5 5 5.01

Calculation of Magnetic Field and Force B = Magnetic Field A = Area of the Armature μ o = Magnetic Permeability in Vacuum F = Force on Object within Coil Current Armature Magnetic Force (Amps) Radius (inch) Field (B) (N) 60 1 ~0.1T ~7.97

Preliminary Test

Basic Prototype

Why is a Pulse of Current Needed? 1. Force pulls payload towards the center of the coil 2. Constant current will not launch the payload 3. A high current pulse will launch the payload https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PMU9TQUDhow

Preliminary Circuit Design

Rectified Circuit Response I D = Diode Current I s = Saturation Current V D = Voltage Across the Diode n = Ideality Factor V T = Thermal Voltage

Circuit Components ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖

Launch Projections V = Velocity p = Density of Water C d = Drag coefficient A f = Area of Front of UUV A s = Area of Side of UUV ● Payload to be neutrally buoyant with mass of 720g ● Dotted line represents time when payload exits launch tube ● 2.05 m/s exit velocity

Launch Projections %% Calculate Velocity tt = 1; % Total time for study (seconds) N = tt/.0001; % number of grid points for time V_instant = F/m; % Instantaneous velocity (m/s) dt = tt/N; % Time btwn grid points (seconds) V = V_instant*ones(1,N+1); % Velocity Vector (m/s) Dist = zeros(1,N+1); % Distance Vector (m) for i = 1:N dl = V(i)*dt; % Change in position for this grid point f_drag = (V(i)).^2 * Drag_Coeff; % Drag force (N) a = - f_drag./m; % Acceleration due to drag (m/s^2) dV = a*2*dl; % Change in velocity squared in this grid (m^2/s^2) V(i+1) = sqrt(V(i).^2+dV); % Velocity for next grid point (m/s) Dist(i+1) = Dist(i)+dl; % Distance traveled so far (m) if Dist(i) - .3 <.01 %This is when it leaves the cylinder exit_i = i; end end time = linspace(0,tt,N+1); % Time vector to match grid points above (s) exit_time = time(exit_i); % Time when the object leaves the tube (s) exit_velocity = V(exit_i); % Velocity of the exiting object (m/s) total_distance = Dist(end); % Total distance traveled at end of time points (m)

Project Budget Part # Part Vendor Quantity Price B00EFD0O4K TEMCo 18 AWG Copper Magnet Wire - 1 lb 199 ft 200°C Magnetic Coil Winding Amazon 1 $17.45 B074KJCQX2 1/4" Diameter, 304 Stainless Steel Round Rod, 12" Length, Extruded, 0.25 inch Dia Amazon 1 $7.79 B01HUA66PA 1/4" Diameter, 6061 Aluminum Round Rod, 4" Length, T6511, Extruded, 0.25 inch Dia Amazon 1 $6.31 B06XCPBCZD Solid Bare Copper Round Wire 5 Oz Spool Dead Soft 12 To 30 Ga (16 Ga/43 Ft) Amazon 1 $9.75 B000OM9J2O Polycarbonate Tubing, 3/4" ID x 1" OD x 1/8" Wall, Clear Color 24" L Amazon 1 $10.24 B008O9YIV6 MG Chemicals Silicone Modified Conformal Coating, 55 ml Bottle with Brush Cap Amazon 1 $12.95 B072C8G3XJ Sumnacon Dual Ended Crocodile Alligator Clips Amazon 1 $9.99 B01N8P5Q50 uxcell 5 Pcs JD1912 12V 100A 4 Pin SPDT Power Electromagnetic Relay w LED Light Amazon 1 $12.29 SLPX682M050C7P3 Cornell Dubilier - CDE SLPX682M050C7P3 Capacitor Mouser 10 $26.00 14822 Soft Iron Rod Xump 1 $12.29 360-3289-ND NKK Switches M2011SS1W01/UC Digikey 5 $16.85 Remington Industries 16SNS Magnet Wire, Enameled Copper Wire, 16 AWG, 5.0 lb, 631' B01BDB7MAK Length, 0.0520" Diameter, Red Amazon 1 $61.04 75C8905 VS-100BGQ100 - Schottky Rectifier, 100 V, 100 A, Single, PowerTab, 3 Pins, 1.01 V Digikey 2 $9.50 Magid Glove & Safety M-0-11-Y-10 Magid Class 0 Electrical Gloves, Capacity, Volume, B07K78MPNT Rubber, 10, Yellow Amazon 1 $55.00 B0014ZXTPS 3M 91264-80025 Chemical Splash/Impact Goggle, 1-Pack Amazon 2 $15.98 Total Price $283.43

Project Schedule

Thank You Any Questions?