Music ic an and d Cult ltur ure e of the e Nin ineteen enth-Cen entury y Ir Iris ish in in Am America ca From the e Fam Famin ine e Ship to Cit ity Hall all
Iri rish Dem emogra raphics
Im Importa rtanc nce o e of th f the Pota tato to i in Ire Ireland • Eco conom omical al potat tatoes oes prod oduced ced high gh yi yiel elds in smal all lan and par arcel cels • High nutr tritional al co conten ent • Source ce of f food ood fo for an animal als as as wel well • Average age male e labo aborer er ate ate 14 lbs bs. of f potat tatoes oes dai aily; y; wo women men & ch children en 10 lbs • Down wnside: e: Wou Would run ou out bet between ween har arves ests ts, cau causing g per eriod of f semi mi-star arvat ation on
Views ws of Iri f Irish Fam amine ne vi vict ctims f from Th The Lond ndon on Illu Illustrat trated N d News ws, 1 1841
Po Populat ulation on L Loss i in Ir Irelan land • Ir Irelan and’s s populat ation ion in in 1841: 8.2 mil illion on; 1851: 9 mil illio ion (p (proje ojected) • Ir Irelan and’s s ac actual pop opulat atio ion in in 1851: 6.5 mil illion ion • Tot otal pop opulat ation ion loss: oss: 2.5 mil illio ion =1.5 mil illio ion die ied from om hu hunger & dise isease ase; 1 mil illion ion emigr igrat ate • 1.5 mil illion on dead ad amou ounted to 20% of of the he Iris ish pop opulat atio ion in in 1841
Nativist Violence Archbishop John Hughes of New York
“Popery Unmasked”
Nativism in Antebellum America
Irish Domestic Servants
Work and Toil in America Mary “Mother” Jones
• The slogan was commonplace in upper class London by 1820; • In 1862 in London there was a song, "No Irish Need Apply," purportedly by a maid looking for work. • The song reached America and was modified to depict a man recently arrived in America who sees a NINA ad and confronts and beats up the culprit.
Recruitment Posters for Irish Immigrants, African Americans, and German Immigrants During the Civil War (Source: Civil War Treasures from the New-York Historical Society)
Immigrant Sentiments Regarding the War (Source: Civil War Treasures from the New-York Historical Society
Immigrant Soldiers & Statesmen General Thomas Meagher, Union General Philip Sheridan Irish Brigade General Michael Corcoran, New York’s “Fighting” 69 th Regiment & Corcoran Legion
Confederates • Young Irelander sentenced to transportation to Australia after 1848 Rebellion. Argued, “the Almighty, indeed, sent the potato blight, but the English created the Famine.” • Escaped to US in 1853, moved to South. With outbreak of Civil War, he was the first to claim that slavery and abolition were not the cause of the conflict but simply used as a pretense. Equated the Confederacy with Ireland, as both were agricultural economies tied into an unjust union. The Union States and England were “the commercial, John Mitchel, Irish manufacturing and money-broking power ... nationalist & greedy, grabbing, griping and groveling.” Confederate • Two of his sons died in the war, and a third sympathizer lost an arm.
My name is Tim McDonald, I'm a native of the Isle, The Irish Volunteer I was born among old Erin's bogs when I was but a child. Now if the traitors in the South My father fought in " 'Ninety-eight," for liberty so dear; should ever cross our roads, He fell upon old Vinegar Hill, like and Irish volunteer. We'll drive them to the divil, as Then raise the harp of Erin, boys, the flag we all revere— Saint Patrick did the toads; We'll fight and fall beneath its folds, like Irish volunteers! We'll give them all short nooses that come just below the ears, When I was driven from my home by an oppressor's hand, Made strong and good of Irish I cut my sticks and greased my brogues, and came o'er to this land. hemp by Irish volunteers. I found a home an many friends, and some that I love dear; Then here's to brave McClellan, Be jabbers! I'll stick to them like bricks and an Irish volunteer. whom the army now reveres— Then fill your glasses up, my boys, and drink a hearty cheer, He'll lead us on to victory, the To the land of our adoption and the Irish volunteer! Irish volunteers. Now when the traitors in the south commenced a warlike raid, Now fill your glasses up, my boys, I quickly then laid down my hod, to the devil went my spade! a toast come drink with me, To a recruiting-office then I went, that happened to be near, May Erin's Harp and the Starry And joined the good old "Sixty-ninth," like and Irish volunteer. Flag united ever be; Then fill the ranks and march away!--no traitors do we fear; May traitors quake, and rebels We'll drive them all to blazes, says the Irish volunteer. shake, and tremble in their fears, When next they meet the Yankee When the Prince of Wales came over here, and made a hubbaboo, boys and Irish volunteers! Oh, everybody turned out, you know, in gold and tinsel too; God bless the name of But then the good old Sixty-ninth didn't like these lords or peers— Washington! that name this land They wouldn't give a d--n for kings, the Irish volunteers! reveres; We love the land of Liberty, its laws we will revere, Success to Meagher and Nugent, "But the divil take nobility!" says the Irish volunteer! and their Irish volunteers!
Kelly’s Irish Brigade Come all you that hold true communion with southern Confederates bold, I will tell you of some men who for the Union in the northern ranks were enrolled; Who came to Missouri in their glory, and thought by their power we´d be dismayed; But we soon made them tell a different story when they met with Kelly´s Irish Brigade. Chorus: Three cheers for the Irish Brigade Three cheers for the Irish Brigade. And all true-hearted Hibernians In the ranks of Kelly´s Irish Brigade! You call us rebels and traitors, but yourselves have thrown off that name of late. You were called it by the English invaders at home in seventeen and ninety-eight. The name to us is not a new one, though ´tis one that never will degrade Any true-hearted Hibernian in the ranks of Kelly´s Irish Brigade Chorus You dare not call us invaders, ´tis but state rights and liberties we ask; And Missouri, we ever will defend her, no matter how hard be the task. Then let true Irishmen assemble; let the voice of Missouri be obeyed; And northern fanatics may tremble when they meet with Kelly´s Irish Brigade
The 5 Points: America’s Most Notorious Slum
The Role of the Ward Boss & Urban Political Machine
Sectarianism in Politics
Sectarianism in Politics
Irish Catholic Migration: Emigration as Exile
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