MSCI KOSARA KUJUNDZIC, ARCHITECT LANDSCAPE DEVASTATION AS A RESULT - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

LANDSCAPE DEVASTATION AS A RESULT OF POOR SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT PRACTICE IN MONTENEGRO MSCI KOSARA KUJUNDZIC, ARCHITECT

LANDSCAPE DEVASTATION AS A RESULT OF POOR SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT PRACTICE IN MONTENEGRO • DEVASTAT ASTATION ON OF THE CULTU TURAL RAL LANDSCAPE SCAPE CASE STUDY: “BOKA GARDENS”, KOSTANJICA, KOTOR, BOKA BAY • METHODOLOG HODOLOGY: ANALYSIS OF THE CRUCIAL PHASES IN THE BUILDING PROCESS, WITH SPECIAL FOCUS ON THE URBAN PLANNING PHASE

Kotor Boka Bay – Natural and Culturo-Historical Region of Kotor protected by UNESCO “The Outstanding Universal Value of the Culturo-Historical Region of Kotor is embodied in the quality of the architecture in its fortified and open cities, settlements, palaces and monastic ensembles, and their harmonious integration to the cultivated terraced landscape on the slopes of high rocky hills. The Natural and Culturo-Historical Region of Kotor bears unique testimony to the exceptionally important role that it played over centuries in the spreading of Mediterranean cultures into the Balkans” /UNESCO

CASE STUDY: “BOKA GARDENS”, KOSTANJICA STUDY Y OF ARCHITEC ECTURAL AL HERITAGE AGE PROT OTECTION ON IN KOSTAN ANJICA A •

CASE STUDY: “BOKA GARDENS”, KOSTANJICA STUDY Y OF ARCHITEC ECTURAL AL HERITAGE AGE PROT OTECTION ON IN KOSTAN ANJICA A • ELEMEN ENTS S OF CULTURAL AL LANDSC SCAPE: APE: (1) ) CHESTNUT TREE E AND LAUREL EL FOREST EST • (2) ) TERRAC ACED ED GARDENS S WITH ARABLE BLE LAND AND FRUIT GARDEN ENS S (3) 3) PEDEST ESTRIAN AN • PATHWAY AYS S (4) ) COAST STLI LINE E WITH PIER ERS S AND DOCKS S (5) ) CLUSTER ERS S OF TRADITION ONAL AL HOUSES ES (6) ) LANDSC SCAPI APING G ELEMEN ENTS S IN THE COURTYAR YARDS S (PAVEMENT NTS, , RETAI TAINING NING WALLS, , STAIRS IRS INA ”, STONE BANCH - “PIZUO”) (7) ) AUTOC OCHTON ONE E VEGET ETAT ATION IN GARDEN ENS S ON THE GROUND, , PERGOL GOLA- “ ODRINA AND COURTYAR YARDS- CITRU RS (8) 8) WATER ER (WATER RUS FRUITS ITS, , OLIV IVE TREES, , GRAPEVINE INE, FLOW OWERS R TANK, NK, WELL)

CASE STUDY: “BOKA GARDENS”, KOSTANJICA STUDY Y OF ARCHITEC ECTURAL AL HERITAGE AGE PROT OTECTION ON IN KOSTAN ANJICA A • GUIDEL ELINES ES FROM OM THE STUDY: Y: LANDSC SCAPE APE PROTEC ECTION: (1) ) PRESERV RVATIO ION N AND D REVITA ITALIS ISATION TION OF THE CHESTN TNUT UT TREES AND LAUR AUREL EL FORES EST T (2) PRESERVATION TION OF THE CULTUR URAL LAND NDSCA CAPE ELEMENT NTS ( T TERRA RACED CED GARDE DENS NS WITH VEGE GETAT TATIO ION, N, TRADIT DITIO IONAL NAL LAND NDSCAP CAPING ING ELEMENTS) ) (3) KEEPING ING THE EXIS ISTING ING SPATIA TIAL CONCEP CEPT T OF THE SETTL TLEMENT NTS (LARGE RGE OPEN N GREEN N AREA BETWEEN N THE CLUSTE USTERS RS ) NEWBUILDING: G: (1) OF HOUSE USES) ) MINIMINU IMINUM OF NEWBUIL UILT T ROADS DS, HARM RMONI ONIZED ZED WITH THE LAND ND CONFIGURATI FIGURATION ON (CONT NTOUR OUR LINES NES) ) and EXIS ISTING ING RETAI TAINING NING WALLS (2) MODERATE RATE NEWBUIL UILDING DING (3) ) CONSI NSIDERA DERATIO ION N OF THE EXIS ISTING TING SPATIA TIAL CAPACIT CITIE IES: : LAND ND SLOP OPES, , LAND NDSCAP CAPING ING, , ETC. . WITH THE BUFFER FER ZONES TOWARD RDS THE EXISTING TING TRADIT DITIO IONA NAL ARCH CHITE ITECT CTUR URE

CASE STUDY: “BOKA GARDENS”, KOSTANJICA “BOKA GARDENS” “Greetings from Perast ”, ironic postcard from the theatre play “KOTO(R) O KOTORU” performed by citizens of Kotor

CASE STUDY: “BOKA GARDENS”, KOSTANJICA

CASE STUDY: “BOKA GARDENS”, KOSTANJICA BUILDING/ DING/USAGE USAGE PERMIT IT PHASE: ASE: • - SELECTIVE CTIVE AND INSUF UFFICIENT ICIENT BUILDING DING INSPECTI PECTION ON (AROUND UND 100.000 00 ILLEGALY GALY BUILT OBJECT ECTS S IN MNE) - NO CONTROL OL OF THE LANDSC DSCAP APE E ISSUES UES ON THE BUILD LDING ING SITE DESIGN IGN/ / BUILDING DING PERMIT MIT PHASE: SE: • - SELECT ECTIVE IVE AND INSUF UFFICIENT ICIENT URBANIST ANISTIC IC INSPECTI PECTION ON (ACTS S UPON AN APPEAL) EAL) - NO PROFOUND UND CONSIDERAT IDERATIONS IONS OF THE LANDSCAPE DSCAPE - ARCHIT HITECT ECTS S THE ONLY ONE RESPO PONSI NSIBL BLE E FOR THE PROJEC JECT T AND OBTAINM INMEN ENT T OF T THE BUILDI LDING G PERMIT IT - PROFIT IT DRIVEN VEN ARCHITEC ITECTURE, TURE, NO PROMOTED TED PROPER PER CONTEM EMPORAR PORARY Y DESIG IGN N GUIDELI ELINES NES AND BUILDING DING EXAMPLES MPLES URBAN AN PLANNING NING PHASE: ASE: - • LACK OF ANY KIND OF CONTROL OF URBAN PLANNERS’ WORK AND THE FINA L L VERSIO SIONS NS OF URBAN AN PLANS NS - INVESTOR’S URBAN PLANNING (CORRUPTION) AS THE MOST EFFICIEN T T WAY Y OF DOING G BUSINESS INESS IN CIVIL IL ENGINEE NEERING ING

CASE STUDY: “BOKA GARDENS”, KOSTANJICA OPERATIONS IONS/GOV /GOVERN RNANCE CE: : • - NO COMPETENT INSTITU ITUTIONS IONS ON THE SUBJECT OF CULTUR URAL LANDSCAPE - NO COMPETENT NT INSTITUTION ONS ON THE SUBJECT OF LANDSCAPE PROTECTION ON - REGION IONAL CULTURA RAL MONUME MENT NT PROTECTION ON INSTITU ITUTE IN KOTOR R THE ONLY ONE RESPONS NSIBL IBLE FOR THE PROTECT CTIO ION OF THE ARCHITECTUR URAL AND CULTUR URAL HERITAGE GE IN KOTOR OR - POOR, R, UNCOORDINA DINATED AND INEFFICIEN ICIENT INTERIN RINSTITU ITUTION ONAL COOPERANCE CE - UNCLEAR AUTHORITIES (“NO ONE TO BLAME”)

CASE STUDY: “BOKA GARDENS”, KOSTANJICA POLI LITICS/ S/VI VISI SION ONS/ S/ST STRAT ATEGI EGIES: ES: • - ENVIRONMENT AND NATURE PROTECTION PROCLAIMED AS “THE HIGHEST PRIORITY” SINCE THE ECOLOGICAL STATE E DECLAR ARAT ATION IN 1992 92. - NATION ONAL AL SUSTAI AINABLE ABLE DEVELO LOPM PMENT STRAT ATEGY EGY (2016 016-2030 030), ), THE CRUCIAL AL GOVER VERNMEN ENT DOCUMEN ENT ON THE SUBJEC ECT OF SUSTAI AINABLE ABLE DEVELO LOPM PMENT, DOES NOT INCLU LUDE THE TERM “CULTURAL LANDSCAPE” - THE LACK K OF CONCRET ETE E LANDSC SCAPE APE PROTEC ECTION ON/INSPEC SPECTION METHOD ODS/ S/ST STRAT ATEGI EGIES ES - INSUFFICIEN ENT SCIEN ENTIFIC/ED EDUCAT ATION ONAL AL INSTITUTIONS S ON THE SUBJEC ECT OF ENVIRON ONMEN ENT/LAN LANDSC SCAPE APE PROTEC ECTION GENERAL ERAL NEGAT ATIVE VE TRENDS: S: • - CORRUPT PTION ON AT ALL L LEVELS VELS - PRIVAT VATE E PROFIT OVER THE PUBLI LIC GOOD OD

CASE STUDY: “BOKA GARDENS”, KOSTANJICA DESIGN GN/BU BUILD LDING/ G/USAGE SAGE PERMIT PHASE E 2012 12-20 2016 16 • TOURIST RESORT CONSISTED OF 32 “TERRACED HOUSES”,WITH “CAPTIVATING PANORAMIC VIEW”,”MEDITARRANEAN STYLE ARCHITECTURE”

CASE STUDY: “BOKA GARDENS”, KOSTANJICA URBAN PLAN ANNING G PHASE • AMENDS AND EXTENSIONS OF THE DETAILED URBAN PLAN “KOSTANJICA”, 2 009. 009. • URBANIZAT ATION PRINCIPLES/ PLES/GU GUIDELI ELINES/ ES/CON ONDITION ONS: S: • (1) ) NEWBUILDING G APPLI LIED ONLY Y IN SEGMEN ENTS, S, INDIVI VIDUAL AL HOUSES SES OR SMALL LLER ER CLUST STER ERS S OF HOUSE SES S (2) ) COMPR PREH EHEN ENSI SIVE VE PROTEC ECTION ON OF THE LANDSC SCAPE: APE: PRESER ERVI VING G EXIST STING G VEGET GETAT ATION AND MORPH PHOLO OLOGY GY OF THE TERRAI AIN AS AN AUTHENTIC LANDSC SCAPE APE (3) ) NEW BUILD LDINGS GS TO BE ADJUST STED ED TO THE SURROU OUNDING G (LAN AND CONFIGURAT ATION ON AND THE OPEN SEA VIEW EWS) S) (4) ) URBAN PLAN ANNING G IN ACCOR ORDAN ANCE E WITH THE CONSER ERVAT VATION CONDITION ONS S OF REGIONAL AL CULTURAL AL MONUMEN ENT PROTEC ECTION ON INST STITUTE E IN KOTOR OR (REFER ERRING G TO THE UNESCO’S WORLD LD HERITAG AGE SITE) E) (5) ) SPATIAL AL INTER ERVEN ENTION ONS S DO NOT JEOPAR OPARDIZE E THE ENVIRON ONMENT (6) ) OPTIMAL AL BUILT LT/OPEN OPEN SPACE E RATIO (7) (7) MAXI XIMUM HEIGH GHT OF THREE EE FLOO OORS S ABOVE VE GROU OUND (8) ) LANDSCAPING AIMED AT CREATING “SETTLEMENTS IN GREEN”, EACH PLOT INCLU LUDING G AT LEAST ST 50% % OF GREEN AREA WHERE E MINIMUM 3 LAUREL EL TREES S AND 1 CHESTNUT TREE E ARE PLANTED ED

CASE STUDY: “BOKA GARDENS”, KOSTANJICA AMENDS AND EXTENSIONS OF THE DETAILED URBAN PLAN “KOSTANJICA”, • 2009 09. “BOKA GARDENS”

CASE STUDY: “BOKA GARDENS”, KOSTANJICA AMENDS AND EXTENSIONS OF THE DETAILED URBAN PLAN “KOSTANJICA”, • 2009 09.

CASE STUDY: “BOKA GARDENS”, KOSTANJICA AMENDS AND EXTENSIONS OF THE DETAILED URBAN PLAN “KOSTANJICA”, 2 009. 009. • OBJEC ECTIONS S BY NGO “EXPEDITIO”: THE NEW URBAN PLAN IS IN OPPOSI POSITION ON TO THE GUIDELI ELINES ES FROM THE • STUDY: Y: (1) (1) INTROD ODUCING G EXCESSI SSIVE VE TRAFFIC NETWOR ORK/ K/ ANOTHER ER WIDE E TWO WAY ROAD (2) ) UNACCEPT EPTABLE ABLE EXTEN ENSI SIVE VE AND HIGH GH DENSI SITY Y NEWBUILDING G IN THE EASTERN AREA OF KOSTAN ANJICA (DEST STROYI OYING G A PART OF THE CHESTNUT TREE E AND LAUREL EL FOREST EST-MAR ARKED KED AS FOREST ST IN THE SPATIAL AL PLAN FOR KOTOR OR) ) (3) 3) DESTROY OYING G THE VIEW FROM OM PERAST AST

CASE STUDY: “BOKA GARDENS”, KOSTANJICA AMENDS AND EXTENSIONS OF THE DETAILED URBAN PLAN “KOSTANJICA”, • 2009 09.