Mr. Heatmiser? Presenter Information Raleigh Fire Museum - PDF document

The History of the Raleigh Fire Department Presented by Mike Legeros Last updated February 21, 2016 Mr. Heatmiser? Presenter Information Raleigh Fire Museum www.raleighfiremuseum.org • Software company as day job, web project manager • Former Raleigh firefighter • Official historian • Incident photographer • Author • Buff • mikey@legeros.com • www.legeros.com Today www.raleighfiremuseum.org  www.legeros.com/history Office of the Fire Chief Office of the Operations Services Training Fire Marshal 1

Milestones 1792 City of Raleigh created. How did we get here? 1819 First fire engine and fire company. 1852 Fire department organization created. 1912 Fully-paid fire department created. Going Back in Time 1792 City of Raleigh created One square mile 699 residents by 1803 1900s 1800s 1700s 1792 FIRE How to protect from fire? Prevent fires Extinguish fires 2

1792 1802 Early fire protection measures: • Planners design wide streets , to help prevent fires from spreading block to block. • Many trees are left intact, also for fire protection. • Early regulation prohibits wooden structures added to building fronts that would enable fires to spread across streets. 1802 1802 Nozzle that swivels Handles for pumping Water poured into basin using a chain of buckets (bucket brigade) 1816 1819 A very complete Fire-Engine from Philadelphia, with a Supply Pump, a sufficient length of Hose, Fire-Hooks, Chain, &c • First major fire • June 11, 1816 • Joseph Gales, President • Dozens of volunteers • Beverly Daniel, Vice President • Jacob Lash, Captain • Bucket brigade • John T. C. Wiatt, Lieutenant • 51 buildings destroyed • William F. Clark, Lieutenant • Thomas Cobbs, Lieutenant • Controlled by blasting • Thomas Henderson, Lieutenant • Fire engine ordered • John Dunn, Treasurer • John Bell, Secretary • Water system attempted (1818) 3

1851 1819-1843 1821 • December 15, 1851 Firemen exempt from militia duty. • Over 17 structures 1826 • Ordinances adopted Citizens can be drafted for firefighting. • Better water supply 1831 • Better fire equipment State Capitol burns. Stone and brick for government buildings. • First engine house 1838 Building regulations for fire protection. • First Fire Chief • Fire Dept. reorganized 1843 Second fire engine, second fire company. Before Civil War After Civil War Victor Let’s interrupt our timeline… Company 4

1819, 1873 Apparatus Philadelphia-Style Hand Engine (left) Rumsey Hand Engine (right) 1873 1870 Suction hose dropped into well or cistern. Nozzle, connects to hose. Outlet, connects to hose. Gould Steamer and Hose Reel 1870 1878, 1881 Lantern Pump Boiler Nozzles Coal Tray Champion Chemical Engines Intakes/Outlets 5

1852-1890 1852-1890 Hook and Ladder Trucks Hook and Ladder Trucks 1852-1887 Water Supply Fire Cisterns 1887 1903 Hydrant Map • Made by Matthews. • 120 hydrants, double outlets. • 64 to 80 pounds PSI, 144 to 161 gallons per minute. • Eight hydrants supplying eight streams. • Direct pressure on request. 6

1887 Hand Hose Reels 1890 1890 Old New Hand Engines Hose reels Steam Engines Hose wagons Wells Hydrants Cisterns Hose Wagons 1870 Engine Houses Metropolitan Hall Rescue Company Engine House Fayetteville Street Fayetteville Street 7

1870 1870 City bell in clock tower for fire alarms Fireman’s room upstairs Fire engine rooms in rear Metropolitan Hall Rescue Company Engine House Fayetteville Street Fayetteville Street 1870 1887 Capital Hose Company House West Morgan Street 1887 1896 Water tower base Fireman’s meeting room upstairs New HQ Garage for Water hand hose reel company office Capital Hose Company House West Morgan Street 8

1896 1896 Facade Headquarters Headquarters West Morgan Street West Morgan Street 1897 1897 Victor Victor Company Engine House Burns Company South Salisbury and West Davie Streets 1898 1897 Victor Company Victor Company Engine House East Hargett Street 9

1870 Fire Alarm System Metropolitan Hall Fayetteville Street 1888 1888 (Stock photo, not Raleigh) Street Boxes Street Boxes Installed Installed Bell moved atop Station 1 tower 1888 1888 in 1914 Original locations of alarm boxes 10

1888 Question: Back to our timeline… How did people know where the fire boxes were? Did they memorize the locations? 1870-1890 1900 • First steam engine. (1870) • First chemical engine. (1878) Demographics • First fire horses. (1879) 1.8 square miles • First fire hydrants, first hose companies. (1887) 13,643 residents Three fire stations • Fire alarm system installed. (1888) 90 members • Last hand-drawn apparatus. (1890) 1905 New American LaFrance Steamer - New Steam Engine Fire Company 11

1910 Demographics 4.0 square miles 19,218 residents Three fire stations 127 members 1912 1912 Fully-Paid Fire Department Fire Chief Sherwood Brockwell First Full-Time Firefighters 1912 1912 Station 1 Station 2 Station 3 12

1913 1914 American LaFrance Chemical/Hose Cars Station 2 – South Salisbury Street 1920 1914, 1916 Demographics 6.9 square miles 24,418 residents Three fire stations ~30 members 1914 American LaFrance Pumper, 1916 American LaFrance Aerial Ladder 1920s 1920s Station 5 Opened 1926 Park Drive Station 4 Opened 1926 Jefferson Street 1922 American LaFrance 1926 American LaFrance Service Truck Pumper 13

1924 1910-1929 • April 24, 1913 – Two Platoons Created News & Observer building Day Watch 0800 to 1145 • March 25, 1914 – Tompkins Hall, 1145 to 1530 A&M College 1530 to 1900 • April 10, 1926 – Night Watch 1900 to 2230 Insane Asylum 2230 to 0130 • July 3, 1928 – 0130 to 0430 Yarborough Hotel 0430 to 0800 1930 1930s Demographics 7.6 square miles City Auditorium, New 1936 Pumper Burned 1930 37,379 residents Station 2 at Memorial Five fire stations 1939 Tractor for 1916 Tiller Auditorium, Opened 1932 56 members 1932 1930s • 1935 – Civil service protection gained. • 1938 – Local 548 of IAFF chartered. • 1959 – Ceased operations after state ruling. • 1968 – State ruling overturned in federal court. Station 2 at Memorial • 1969 – Raleigh Fire Firefighters Local 548 Auditorium, Opened 1932 chartered. • 1986 – Local 548 re-chartered as Raleigh Professional Fire Fighters Association. 14

1940 1941 • Station 1 on Morgan Street closed. Demographics • Engine 1 moved to Old Station 10.88 square miles 2 on Salisbury Street. 46,897 residents • Aerial ladder and service truck moved to Station 2 at Memorial Five fire stations Auditorium. ~56 members • Engine 2 moved to Station 1 on Salisbury Street. 1941 1940s Civil Defense World War II Civil Defense Air-Raid Drills Auxiliary Firefighters Materials Restrictions 1940s 1940s Station 6 Opened 1943 2519 Fairview Road Opened 1949 2602 Fairview Road Materials Restrictions 15

1940s 1949 1949 FWD Pumper 1950 Mack Pumper 1919 American LaFrance 1948 Ford Auxiliary Truck Self-Contained Breathing 24 Hour Shifts Apparatus (SCBA) 1949 1930-1949 • March 25, 1935 – Efird’s Department Store • May 18, 1939 – Norfolk Southern Railway Shops • January 7, 1943 – Wake County Group Home • December 29, 1943 – Bellas Hess Clothing Store • February 1, 1948 – Carolina Country Club Fire Prevention Bureau Formed 1930-1949 1950 Demographics 10.88 square miles 65,679 residents Six fire stations 67 members February 1, 1948 – Carolina Country Club 16

1950s 1950s ► 1951 ► 1953 New Station 1 American LaFrance Pumper Raleigh Emergency American LaFrance Rescue Squad Aerial Ladder ► 1953 1958 ► Raleigh Emergency Rescue Squad Organized 1953 1950s 1950s ► 1954 1951 ► Station 3 Training Tower Ladies Auxiliary Station 7 ► 1951 Alarm House - South Dawson Street 1959 ► Built 1942 March 10, 1956 1960 Demographics 33.67 square miles 93,931 residents Seven fire stations 123 members Line of Duty Death – Lt. Vernon Smith 17

1960s 1960s Station 8 1969 ► 1960 1963 ► New Station 2 New Shop at Station 2 New Station 4 New Station 5 Station 9 ► 1961 1963 ► 1963 1964 1960s American LaFrance Pumper GMC Service Truck American LaFrance Aerial Ladder GMC Tanker Smokehouse 1960s 1963 First black firefighters hired in 1963 and 1964: News & Observer photos • Larry Gene Williams • Welton Jones • E. Louis Stephens • James L. Giles • James Greene Jr. News & Observer photos • Norwood M. Peacock • Richmond Davis Jr. Foam Truck 18

April 20, 1965 1950-1969 • March 3, 1952 – K&W Motor Company • July 28, 1958 – Edenton Street Church • September 5, 1962 – Hayes Barton Church • February 22, 1965 – Pullen Hall at State College • April 1968 – Civil unrest Line of Duty Death – Lt. Paul Mimms 1970 1970s Demographics 44.93 square miles Station 10 Station 11 Station 12 122,830 residents Station 14 Station 15 Station 16 Nine fire stations 196 members 1971 – 1971 – 1974 – 1974 – 1974 – 1979 1970s 1970s Mack Fire Apparatus Mack Fire Apparatus 19