Motorcycle Safety Measures in Japan Yuji Arai Senior Researcher - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

3rd. Asia Automobile Institute Summit 2-4 December 2014, Bangkok Motorcycle Safety Measures in Japan Yuji Arai Senior Researcher Safety Research Division Japan Automobile Research Institute 1

Contents 1. Road Safety 2. Accident Database System 3. Motorcycle Accidents 4. Motorcycle Safety Measures 5. Conclusion 3rd AAI Summit, 2-4 Dec. 2014, Bangkok 2

1. Road Safety 3rd AAI Summit, 2-4 Dec. 2014, Bangkok 3

Three Factors for Road Safety Education  Traffic rules  Practical training, etc. People Safety technology Road  Active safety environments (ABS, etc.)  Roads  Passive safety Vehicles Infrastructure  Signals （ Airbags, etc.)  Crosswalks, etc. Safety measures in Japan are promoted based on analysis of road accidents from the standpoint of human factors, vehicle factors and road environments. 3rd AAI Summit, 2-4 Dec. 2014, Bangkok 4

2. Accident Database System in Japan 3rd AAI Summit, 2-4 Dec. 2014, Bangkok 5

Accident Database in Japan  Accident database − Macro DB All the accidents resulting in injury or death which occur in Japan (0.7 million accidents per year) − Micro DB In-depth accident DB (300 accidents per year)  Maintenance of databases − The two kinds of databases are maintained by the Institute for Traffic Accident Research and Data Analysis (ITARDA) established by the National Police Agency (NPA) and the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT). − ITARDA also conducts in-depth accident investigations. 3rd AAI Summit, 2-4 Dec. 2014, Bangkok 6

Macro DB in Japan National Drivers' Vehicle registration Road traffic accident data license data data census data by National by Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Police Agency Transport and Tourism Macro DB Main investigation items:  date and time of accident, day or night, weather  location type (urban or not), road type, traffic lights, road width  detailed type of accident  age, gender, occupation  type of vehicle, seatbelt/helmet use  causes of accident, type of violation, drinking driving, speed of vehicles  level of injury, primarily injured body part, vehicle part inflicting injury 3rd AAI Summit, 2-4 Dec. 2014, Bangkok 7

National Accident Data Collection System Local Police Station accident investigation information Local Police Headquarters call investigation National Police Agency (NPA) National accident data is managed by the NPA Accident 3rd AAI Summit, 2-4 Dec. 2014, Bangkok 8

3. Motorcycle Accidents in Japan 3rd AAI Summit, 2-4 Dec. 2014, Bangkok 9

Fatalities by Road User Category (1965-2013) 1990s: Improvement of crash 1970s: Infrastructure development, safety performance Traffic safety education 8,000 Others 7,000 0.3% 1,415 persons 1,584 persons 6,000 Car Car 32.4% Pedestrian 36.2% 5,000 Fatalities Motorcycle 4,000 Motorcycle Pedestrian 600 Bicycle 17.4% 13.7% persons 760 3,000 persons Fatalities in 2013 2,000 (Total: 4,373 persons) 1,000 Others Bicycle 0 Source: National Police Agency 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 Year  The number of fatalities of motorcycle accidents has been declining since 1990. In 2013, the number of fatalities involving motorcycles was half of that of pedestrians. 3rd AAI Summit, 2-4 Dec. 2014, Bangkok 10

Body Regions Receiving Most Injuries (motorcycle riders) 1,000 800 Head Whole body Head 600 Fatalities Neck Chest Chest 400 Abdomen Arms Legs 200 Others 0 2004 004 2005 005 2006 006 2007 007 2008 008 2009 009 2010 010 2011 011 2012 012 2013 013 Year Source: National Police Agency  Many fatalities had injuries to the head and chest.  Fatalities due to head injuries have declined greatly. 3rd AAI Summit, 2-4 Dec. 2014, Bangkok 11

Helmet Use and Injuries 1,000 100 Effect of wearing helmets (2013) Helmet wearing rate in casualties (%) 5.0 Fatalities due to head injuries 800 98 3.7 % 4.0 98.7 % Fatality rate (%) Helmet wearing rate 3.0 600 96 roughly 5 times 2.0 400 94 0.8 % 1.0 Fatalities due to head injuries 0.0 200 92 Wearing helmet Not-wearing helmet 0 90 Note: Fatality rate = deaths/casualties 2004 004 2005 005 2006 006 2007 007 2008 008 2009 009 2010 010 2011 011 2012 012 2013 013 Source: National Police Agency and ITARDA Year  The helmet wearing rate in Japan is very high, and the rate has been increasing.  The fatality rate when not wearing a helmet is much higher than that of when wearing a helmet, which indicates the importance of wearing helmets. 3rd AAI Summit, 2-4 Dec. 2014, Bangkok 12

4. Motorcycle Safety Measures 3rd AAI Summit, 2-4 Dec. 2014, Bangkok 13

Motorcycle Users  Training to obtain a driver's license Compulsory (driving school) - learn traffic rules and driving skills  Re-educating during driver's license renewal - awareness of social responsibility as a driver - improvement of awareness of traffic safety and driving manners of drivers  Practical driving school Riders' join freely - improvement of driving skills - participation is the rider's choice  National Traffic Safety Campaigns (held in the spring and fall of each year) - improvement of awareness of traffic safety of the whole nation, including motorcycle users. 3rd AAI Summit, 2-4 Dec. 2014, Bangkok 14

Road Environments Hook turns Conditions of hook turns - Vehicle type: motorcycles up to 0.05 L - Intersection with a hook turn sign (not less than three lanes on each side) hook turn sign hook turn 3rd AAI Summit, 2-4 Dec. 2014, Bangkok 15

Safety Equipment on Vehicles  Active safety Daytime running lamp The standard equipment of the DRL was enforced in 1998.  Passive safety Airbag An effective means to enhance the safety of all motorcycles has not been established yet. the only motorcycle model equipped with an airbag in Japan Source: Honda Motor Co., Ltd Website 3rd AAI Summit, 2-4 Dec. 2014, Bangkok 16

Helmet (personal protective equipment)  Helmets for motorcycles Helmet types and structure PSC mark (mark of not covering the ear protection down to protection farther down monolithic with chin motorcycle's area lower part of ear than three quarters protector helmet permission) Half 1 Three quarters 1 Open face Full face Note1: with a label recommending use for motorcycles up to 0.125 L displacement  Standard for motorcycle helmets in Japan JIS T8133 (2007) (refers to UN Regulation No. 22) (JIS: Japanese Industrial Standards)  Shock absorption test  Shell penetration test  Dynamic retention test  Positional stability (roll-off) test 3rd AAI Summit, 2-4 Dec. 2014, Bangkok 17

Road Traffic Act Related to Helmets Motorcycles over 0.05 L in engine displacement helmets used on roads over 40 km/h speed limit Motorcycles up to 0.05 L helmets used on roads over 40 km/h speed in engine displacement limit (enforcement of punishment of traffic offense) helmets used on all roads (enforcement of punishment helmets used on all roads of traffic offense) (enforcement of punishment of traffic offense) 5,000 Fatalities of motorcycle 4,000 occupants 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 Year 3rd AAI Summit, 2-4 Dec. 2014, Bangkok 18

Body Protector (personal protective equipment) Pad type Airbag type Shoulder Chest Back Knee Body protector wearing rate in Tokyo Knee 10 wearing rate (%) 8 Body protector 4.3 % 6 Elbow Front Rear 7.2 % 4 view view 2 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Year Source: Metropolitan Police Department website 3rd AAI Summit, 2-4 Dec. 2014, Bangkok 19

5. Conclusion 3rd AAI Summit, 2-4 Dec. 2014, Bangkok 20

Conclusion  It is necessary to consider safety measures from the viewpoint of human factors, vehicle factors and road environments.  Reliable and accurate road accident data are the basis for effective road safety measures.  Wearing a helmet is the most important measure to reduce the number of fatalities involving motorcycles. 3rd AAI Summit, 2-4 Dec. 2014, Bangkok 21

Thank you for your attention. Yuji Arai Email: yarai@jari.or.jp Tel: +81-29-856-0885 3rd AAI Summit, 2-4 Dec. 2014, Bangkok 22