Morphosyntactic property sets at the interface of inflectional morphology and syntax Gregory Stump University of Kentucky gstump@uky.edu [ First international symposium on “Morphology and its interfaces”, Université Lille 3, September 12–13, 2013 ]
Talk outline 1. The canonical correspondence of morphosyntactic property sets at the interface of syntax with inflectional morphology 2. Noncanonical correspondences 3. Content paradigms and form paradigms
Talk outline 1. The canonical correspondence of morphosyntactic property sets at the interface of syntax with inflectional morphology 2. Noncanonical correspondences 3. Content paradigms and form paradigms
Talk outline 1. The canonical correspondence of morphosyntactic property sets at the interface of syntax with inflectional morphology: The property set that determines a word’s syntax is the same as the property set that determines its morphology 2. Noncanonical correspondences 3. Content paradigms and form paradigms
Talk outline 1. The canonical correspondence of morphosyntactic property sets at the interface of syntax with inflectional morphology 2. Noncanonical correspondences 3. Content paradigms and form paradigms
Talk outline 1. The canonical correspondence of morphosyntactic property sets at the interface of syntax with inflectional morphology 2. Noncanonical correspondences : The property set determining a word’s syntax is in some way distinct from the property set determining that word’s morphology 3. Content paradigms and form paradigms
Talk outline 1. The canonical correspondence of morphosyntactic property sets at the interface of syntax with inflectional morphology 2. Noncanonical correspondences 3. Content paradigms and form paradigms
The canonical correspondence of morphosyntactic property sets at the interface of syntax with inflectional morphology Let us assume • that a lexeme L’s paradigm is a set of cells; • that each cell is the pairing Z, σ of a stem Z with a morphosyntactic property set σ .
The canonical correspondence of morphosyntactic property sets at the interface of syntax with inflectional morphology Assumptions • that a lexeme L’s paradigm is a set of cells; • that each cell is the pairing Z, σ of a stem Z with a morphosyntactic property set σ .
The canonical correspondence of morphosyntactic property sets at the interface of syntax with inflectional morphology Assumptions • a lexeme L’s paradigm is a set of cells; • that each cell is the pairing Z, σ of a stem Z with a morphosyntactic property set σ .
The canonical correspondence of morphosyntactic property sets at the interface of syntax with inflectional morphology Assumptions • a lexeme L’s paradigm is a set of cells; • each cell is the pairing Z, σ of a stem Z with a morphosyntactic property set σ .
The canonical correspondence of morphosyntactic property sets at the interface of syntax with inflectional morphology On those assumptions, the canonical correspondence is such that when rules of syntax associate a morphosyntactic property set σ with a lexical node X occupied by a lexeme L, L’s paradigm contains a cell Z, σ that determines L’s morphological realization in that syntactic context. Canonically, these are the same property set.
The canonical correspondence of morphosyntactic property sets at the interface of syntax with inflectional morphology On those assumptions, the canonical correspondence is such that when rules of syntax associate a morphosyntactic property set σ with a lexical node X occupied by a lexeme L, L’s paradigm contains a cell Z, σ that determines L’s morphological realization in that syntactic context. Canonically, these are the same property set.
The canonical correspondence of morphosyntactic property sets at the interface of syntax with inflectional morphology On those assumptions, the canonical correspondence is such that when rules of syntax associate a morphosyntactic property set σ with a lexical node X occupied by a lexeme L, L’s paradigm contains a cell Z, σ that determines L’s morphological realization in that syntactic context. Canonically, these are the same property set.
The canonical correspondence of morphosyntactic property sets at the interface of syntax with inflectional morphology Example Node X: {3rd singular present indicative} [ John [ X cheese ] ] The form of LIKE insertable into X is the realization of the cell like , {3rd singular present indicative}
The canonical correspondence of morphosyntactic property sets at the interface of syntax with inflectional morphology Example Node X: {3rd singular present indicative} [ John [ X cheese ] ] The form of LIKE insertable into X is the realization of the cell like , {3rd singular present indicative}
A noncanonical correspondence of property sets at the interface of syntax with inflectional morphology Example Node X: σ The form of L insertable into X is the realization of Z, μ
A noncanonical correspondence of property sets at the interface of syntax with inflectional morphology Example Node X: σ The form of L insertable into X is the realization of Z, μ
A noncanonical correspondence of property sets at the interface of syntax with inflectional morphology Example Node X: σ The form of L insertable into X is the realization of Z, μ
A noncanonical correspondence of property sets at the interface of syntax with inflectional morphology Example Node X: σ The form of L insertable into X is the realization of Z, μ In such cases, σ is a syntactic property set (S ‐ PS) and μ is a morphological property set (M ‐ PS).
I shall refer to the property set that determines a word’s syntax as a syntactic property set (S ‐ PS) and to the property set that determines its morphological realization as a morphological property set (M ‐ PS).
In general, a S ‐ PS σ is morphologically realized through the mediation of a M ‐ PS μ . Canonically, σ = μ .
Syntactic Morphological property property set σ set μ {p q} {p q} (canonical) {p q} {p} ( μ is a proper subset of σ ) {p q}, {p r} {p r} ( μ is a referral) {p [q ˅ r]} {p q}, {p r} ( μ has disjunctive properties or {p q} ˅ {r s} {p q}, {r s} is a disjunction of property sets) {p q} {c} (morphomic property set)
In noncanonical cases, μ may differ from σ in various ways.
Syntactic Morphological property property set σ set μ {p q} {p q} (canonical) {p q} {p} ( μ is a proper subset of σ ) {p q}, {p r} {p r} ( μ is a referral) {p [q ˅ r]} {p q}, {p r} ( μ has disjunctive properties or {p q} ˅ {r s} {p q}, {r s} is a disjunction of property sets) {p q} {c} (morphomic property set)
Syntactic Morphological property property set σ set μ {p q} {p q} (canonical) {p q} {p} ( μ is a proper subset of σ ) {p q}, {p r} {p r} ( μ is a referral) {p [q ˅ r]} {p q}, {p r} ( μ has disjunctive properties or {p q} ˅ {r s} {p q}, {r s} is a disjunction of property sets) {p q} {c} (morphomic property set)
Syntactic Morphological property property set σ set μ {p q} {p q} (canonical) {p q} {p} ( μ is a proper subset of σ ) {p q}, {p r} {p r} ( μ is a referral) {p [q ˅ r]} {p q}, {p r} ( μ has disjunctive properties or {p q} ˅ {r s} {p q}, {r s} is a disjunction of property sets) {p q} {c} (morphomic property set)
Syntactic Morphological property property set σ set μ {p q} {p q} (canonical) {p q} {p} ( μ is a proper subset of σ ) {p q}, {p r} {p r} ( μ is a referral) {p [q ˅ r]} {p q}, {p r} ( μ has disjunctive properties or {p q} ˅ {r s} {p q}, {r s} is a disjunction of property sets) {p q} {c} ( μ has morphomic properties)
M ‐ PS μ is a proper subset of S ‐ PS σ
In Bhojpuri (Indo ‐ Aryan), a verb’s synthetic inflection expresses 3 persons × 2 numbers × 2 genders × 4 tense/mood properties = 48 morphosyntactic property sets.
Inflection of the Bhojpuri verb D Ē KH ‘see’ Singular Plural masculine feminine masculine feminine Present 1 1 2 3 4 indicative 2 5 6 7 8 3 9 10 11 12 Past 1 13 14 15 16 indicative 2 17 18 19 20 3 21 22 23 24 Future 1 25 26 27 28 indicative 2 29 30 31 32 3 33 34 35 36 Optative 1 37 38 39 40 2 41 42 43 44 3 45 46 47 48
Inflection of the Bhojpuri verb D Ē KH ‘see’ Singular Plural masculine feminine masculine feminine Present 1 d ē kh ‐ī l ‐ā d ē kh ‐ī l ‐ā d ē kh ‐ī l ‐ā d ē kh ‐ī l ‐ā indicative 2 d ē kh ‐ā l ‐ā d ē kh ‐ æl ‐ iu d ē kh ‐ā l ‐ā d ē kh ‐ æl ‐ iu 3 d ē kh ‐ā l ‐ā d ē kh ‐ē l ‐ē d ē kh ‐ æl ‐ æ ̃ d ē kh ‐ æl ‐ ini Past 1 dekh ‐ al ‐ī̃ dekh ‐ al ‐ī̃ dekh ‐ al ‐ī̃ dekh ‐ al ‐ī̃ indicative 2 dekh ‐ al ‐ā dekh ‐ al ‐ iu dekh ‐ al ‐ā dekh ‐ al ‐ iu 3 d ē kh ‐ al d ē kh ‐ al ‐ i dekh ‐ al ‐ æ ̃ dekh ‐ al ‐ ini dekh ‐ ab ‐ æ ̃ dekh ‐ ab ‐ æ ̃ Future 1 d ē kh ‐ ab d ē kh ‐ ab indicative 2 dekh ‐ ab ‐ā dekh ‐ ab ‐ iu dekh ‐ ab ‐ā dekh ‐ ab ‐ iu 3 d ē kh ‐ī d ē kh ‐ī dekh ‐ ih ‐ æ ̃ dekh ‐ ih ‐ æ ̃ Optative 1 d ē kh ‐ī̃ d ē kh ‐ī̃ d ē kh ‐ī̃ d ē kh ‐ī̃ 2 d ē kh ‐ā d ē kh ‐ā d ē kh ‐ā d ē kh ‐ā 3 d ē kh ‐ æ d ē kh ‐ æ d ē kh ‐ æ ̃ d ē kh ‐ æ ̃
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