6 PLUMBING AND ELECTRICAL BASICS MODULE 6 PLUMBING AND ELECTRICAL BASICS OF MODERN LABORATORY DESIGN
6 6 PLUMBING AND ELECTRICAL BASICS PLUMBING AND ELECTRICAL BASICS 6 PLUMBING AND ELECTRICAL BASICS 6 PLUMBING AND ELECTRICAL BASICS
6 PLUMBING AND ELECTRICAL BASICS
6 PLUMBING AND ELECTRICAL BASICS MODULE 6 GOAL Provide a fundamental understanding of Laboratory Plumbing and Electrical Concepts and Systems. Module 6 PG1
6 PLUMBING AND ELECTRICAL BASICS Module 6 Outline • Issues • Drivers • Concepts • Systems Module 6 PG2
6 PLUMBING AND ELECTRICAL BASICS Module 6 Issues • “We need access to Purified Water at Every Some of the most common concerns of Sink!” laboratory facility users are relative to • “My lab is too dark!” Plumbing and Electrical systems, including: • “My lab doesn’t have enough receptacles!” • “My lab doesn’t have enough connectivity!” Module 6 PG3
6 PLUMBING AND ELECTRICAL BASICS Module 6 Drivers ‐ Plumbing • Water Supply • Purified Water • Wastewater and Floor Drains • Emergency Fixtures • Piped Gas Services Module 6 PG4
6 PLUMBING AND ELECTRICAL BASICS Module 6 Plumbing Concepts/Systems – Water Supply Use “Industrial” or “Non ‐ potable” water for Laboratories • Set a separate RPZ backflow preventer Module 6 PG5
6 PLUMBING AND ELECTRICAL BASICS Module 6 Plumbing Concepts/Systems – Purified Water • ASTM • Type I • Type II • Type III • CAP/NCCLS • Type I • Type II • Type III • USP • Semiconductor Module 6 PG6
6 PLUMBING AND ELECTRICAL BASICS Module 6 Plumbing Concepts/Systems – Purified Water What kind of purified water do I need? Common Applications and Purified Water Types Glassware Wash/Rinse Sample Preparation Mass Spectrometry Buffer Preparation Molecular Biology Cell Culture Diagnostics HPLC I I I ‐ II I I ‐ II I I I Pharmaceutical II ‐ III I I ‐ II I ‐ II I ‐ II I I I Academic Research I I ‐ II Micro ‐ electronics Clinical I ‐ II II I I ‐ II II I I I ‐ II I ‐ II II ‐ III II II II Environmental Module 6 PG7
6 PLUMBING AND ELECTRICAL BASICS Module 6 Plumbing Concepts/Systems – Wastewater/Drains Wastewater treatment is rarely required • Chemical and waste management plans are required • Chemicals should not be dumped in drains • Perchloric acid hood is an exception ‐ Wastewater requires PH adjustment • Review the lab processes carefully • Do not put floor drains in the lab Module 6 PG8
6 PLUMBING AND ELECTRICAL BASICS Module 6 Plumbing Concepts/Systems – Emergency Fixtures OSHA Requires Eyewash and Safety Shower if corrosives are used • ANSI Z358.1 ‐ 2009 • Location and clearance requirements • Regular testing required • Use only ANSI approved fixtures • “Tepid” water required • 10 seconds to reach • Path not hindered with obstructions Many styles and types available • Module 6 PG9
6 PLUMBING AND ELECTRICAL BASICS Module 6 Plumbing Concepts/Systems – Piped Gas Services Individual Cylinders, Manifolded or Bulk? • What gases are needed? • How much will be used? • How critical is uninterrupted supply? • Location of use points • OSHA requires tank restraints • Distributed versus point of use • Piping material Module 6 PG10
6 PLUMBING AND ELECTRICAL BASICS Module 6 Drivers – Facility Power Distribution Systems Electrical Distribution System Considerations Size of Facility • Configuration of Facility • Composition of Facility • Code Compliance • Design Standards • HVAC Systems/Equipment • Service Voltage (480Y/277V or 208Y/120V) • Voltage Drop • Type of Equipment • Future Growth • Module 6 PG11
6 PLUMBING AND ELECTRICAL BASICS Module 6 Drivers – Facility Power Distribution Systems Determination of Facility Service Voltage 480Y/277V, 3 ‐ Phase, 4 ‐ Wire Service: 208Y/120V, 3 ‐ Phase, 4 ‐ Wire Service: 1200 Amps or Less at 208V Over 1200 Amps at 208V • • Larger Facility with Larger Distribution Panel vs Switchboard • • Equipment Loads Small Facility/Reduced Electrical • Losses (12,000 gsf; 30W/gsf) Reduced Electrical Losses due to • Voltage Drop No Dry Type Transformers • Voltage Flexibility for Laboratory Consider Future Expansions • • Equipment Module 6 PG12
6 PLUMBING AND ELECTRICAL BASICS Module 6 Concepts – Electrical Loads Normal Power Load Calculations (Preliminary Demand) Normal Power Load Calculations (Preliminary Demand) Laboratory Animal Other Laboratory Animal Other (VA/sq ft) (VA/sq ft) (VA/sq ft) (W/sq ft) (W/sq ft) (W/sq ft) Lighting (2.5 ‐ 3.5) (2.5 ‐ 3.5) (2.5 ‐ 3.5) Lighting (2.5 ‐ 3.5) (2.5 ‐ 3.5) (2.5 ‐ 3.5) Receptacles (4.5 ‐ 20) (2 ‐ 4) 3 Receptacles (2.5 ‐ 3.5) (2.5 ‐ 3.5) (2 ‐ 4) HVAC (9 ‐ 10) (9 ‐ 10) (2 ‐ 4) HVAC (8 ‐ 12) (8 ‐ 12) (4 ‐ 8) Laboratory Equipment (4 ‐ 8) (4 ‐ 8) Laboratory Equipment (5 ‐ 10) (4 ‐ 8) Elevators (1 ‐ 1.5) (1 ‐ 1.5) (0.5 ‐ 1) Elevators (1 ‐ 1.5) (1 ‐ 1.5) (0.5 ‐ 1) Miscellaneous (1 ‐ 2) (1 ‐ 2) 1 Miscellaneous (1 ‐ 2) (1 ‐ 2) (1 ‐ 2) Total (22 ‐ 45) (19.5 ‐ 29) (9 ‐ 12.5) Total (20 ‐ 32.5) (19 ‐ 30.5) (10 ‐ 18.5) According to the NIH – Design Requirements Manual According to Tim Note: Power Factor is the ratio of true power (W) to apparent power (VA); VA = W/PF; The Watt rating determines the actual power purchased from the utility company and the heat loading generated by the equipment. The VA rating is used for sizing wiring and circuit breakers. Module 6 PG13
W/gsf 10 12 14 16 Module 6 Concepts – Electrical Loads 0 2 4 6 8 Building 5 5.6 6 Building 6 6.1 Building 7 8.2 Building 8 4.8 Building 9 7 Building 10 4.1 PLUMBING AND ELECTRICAL BASICS Building 11 12 Building 12 14.5 Building 13 9.6 Building 14 8.2 Building 16 4.2 Building 29 6.5 Building 30 13.9 Building 31 3.8 Facility ID Building 32 8.1 Building 36 9.4 Building 38 9.6 Building 39 8.8 Building 43 8.2 Building 48 10 Building 56 6.1 Building 57 2.1 Building 59 6.8 Building 60 5.5 Building 63 7.1 Building 66 5.4 Building 69 6.7 Building 72 7 Building 73 5.1 Building 74 2.9 Labs (W/GSF) for Various Total Elect Dem Equipment Loads Right ‐ Sizing Laboratory Labs21 Best Practice Guide ‐ Module 6 PG14
6 PLUMBING AND ELECTRICAL BASICS Module 6 Concepts – Electrical Loads 9.9 10 8.64 9 9 9 8 7 6.11 6.03 5.87 6 W/gsf 5 4.09 3.92 Maximum of Int Ave 3.52 3.32 W/SF (Demand) ‐ 4 3.22 Plu/Equip Loads ‐ 3 Biology Labs 1.85 1.83 1.68 2 2 1.14 1 0 Building D5 Building A1 Building A3 Building D4 Building D6 Building D1 Building D3 Building F2 Building D2 Building B1 Building D7 Building C3 Building C2 Building A2 Building F1 Building C1 Building A4 Labs21 Technical Bulletin ‐ Measured Peak Equipment Loads in Laboratories Building/Space ID Module 6 PG15
6 PLUMBING AND ELECTRICAL BASICS Module 6 Concepts – Electrical Loads 18.62 20 16.73 18 16 14 12 7.86 10 W/gsf 6.02 8 Maximum of Int Ave W/SF (Demand) ‐ 3.69 6 3.13 Plug/Equip Loads ‐ 2.16 1.77 4 Chem Labs and Equip Rms 2 0 Building A8 ‐ Chem Building A7 ‐ Chem Building A5 ‐ Chem Building A6 ‐ Chem Building A9 ‐ Equip Building C4 ‐ Equip Building A10 ‐ Equip Building C5 ‐ Equip Labs21 Technical Bulletin ‐ Measured Peak Equipment Loads in Laboratories Building/Space ID Module 6 PG16
6 PLUMBING AND ELECTRICAL BASICS Module 6 Concepts – Electrical Loads 60 Design W/SF ‐ Peak Plug 50 Load Assumed for Electrical WW/SF or VA/SF/gsf Design 40 Design Heat W/SF ‐ Peak Plug Load Assumption for 30 Mechanical Design Max VA/SF ‐ Measured Peak Instantaneous Apparent 20 Power Max Ave W/SF ‐ Maximum 10 of 15 Minute Averages 0 Lab 1 Lab 2 Lab 3 Lab 4 Lab 5 Lab 6 Lab 7 Labs21 Best Practice Guide ‐ Metrics and Benchmarks for Energy Efficiency in Laboratories University of California ‐ Davis Module 6 PG17
6 PLUMBING AND ELECTRICAL BASICS Module 6 Concepts – Electrical Loads Normal Power Load Calculations (Demand) Normal Power Load Calculations (Demand) Laboratory (kW) Other (kW) Laboratory (kW) Other (kW) Lighting 210 90 Lighting 210 90 Receptacles 840 90 Receptacles 210 90 HVAC 665 90 HVAC 700 180 Laboratory Equipment 420 Laboratory Equipment 525 Elevators 87.5 22.5 Elevators 70 15 Miscellaneous 105 30 Miscellaneous 105 30 Total 2327.5 322.5 Total 1820 405 According to the NIH ‐ Design Requirements Manual According to Tim Using average VA/sf values for each load type Using average W/sf values for each load type • • Example Facility 100,000 GSF Science Facility 70% Lab/Lab Support (38,500 NSF/70,000 • • 11’ x 36’ Planning Module GSF) • 55% Net to Gross Ratio 97 Single Lab Modules • • 55,000 NSF 30% Office/Conference/Support Spaces • • (16,500 NSF/30,000 GSF) Module 6 PG18
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