Modular Strategies for Including Principles of Sustainability in Engineering Liv Haselbach, Ph.D., P.E., M.ASCE, M.ASEE haselbach@wsu.edu
Define • Key aspects of sustainability Explain • Key properties of sustainability Apply • Principles of sustainability Analyze • Systems of engineered works BOK2 Outcome 10 Levels of Cognitive Achievement
Breadth (Inspirational, aspirational, holistic) • University Course • Civil or Engineering Introductory Courses Depth (Detailed calculations, methodologies) • Portions of Traditional CE Analysis Courses • Dedicated Science or Engineering Courses Design • Introductory CE Design or Other Design Courses • Tool: Envision Rating System Sustainability incorporated at different levels & times.
Breadth: Overview Modules Depth: Detailed Modules Full Course: Both How might modules help?
Breadth: What is global warming? Depth: Carbon cycle impacts… Full Course on LCA Example with Life Cycle Assessment?
Benefits of Modules Can be viewed ahead of time for class discussion. (Flipped classroom) Can be viewed in class with discussion (20 minutes maximum with stops interspersed) Can be viewed later for review or distance students. Especially easy to use if narrated and/or with additional materials. Narrated modules make preparation easier for both the novice and the expert. Can even include short quizzes, exercises or other ways to interact. Will discuss at end. Haselbach, L. and Langfitt, Q. (2016) Incorporating Pre-recorded Environmental Life Cycle Assessment Modules in a Classroom Setting , accepted Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice.
Welcome to the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Learning Module Series Liv Haselbach Quinn Langfitt For current modules email haselbach@wsu.edu or visit cem.uaf.edu/CESTiCC ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: CESTICC WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY FULBRIGHT
LCA Module Series Groups Group A: ISO Compliant LCA Overview Modules Group α : ISO Compliant LCA Detailed Modules Group B: Environmental Impact Categories Overview Modules Group β : Environmental Impact Categories Detailed Modules Group G: General LCA Tools Overview Modules Group γ : General LCA Tools Detailed Modules Group T: Transportation-Related LCA Overview Modules Group τ : Transportation-Related LCA Detailed Modules 8 12/2015 OVERVIEW OF LCA MODULE SERIES
Introduction to Life Cycle Assessment and International Standard ISO 14040 MODULE A 1 9 02/2015 LCA MODULE A1
What is Life Cycle Assessment? LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT (LCA) “Compilation and evaluation of the inputs, outputs and the potential environmental impacts of a product system throughout its life cycle” * Process split into life cycle stages and LCA phases • Stages are portions of the product life cycle and phases are the portions of the LCA process Data collected on inputs and outputs of the system Associated environmental and resource impacts of those inputs and outputs * ISO 14040:2006 10 02/2015 LCA MODULE A1
Phases of an LCA 1. Goal and Scope 2. Life Cycle Inventory 3. Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) 4. Interpretation Note: For an LCI study LCIA phase is omitted Image Sources: Target: wikia.nocookie.net Data: dreamstime.com Earth: business2community.com 11 02/2015 LCA MODULE A1
Self-Assessment Quiz MODULE A1: INTRODUCTION TO LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT AND ISO 14040
How many phases are there in an LCA? 4 6 8
Correct! The phases are: 1. Goal and Scope 2. Life Cycle Inventory 3. Life Cycle Impact Assessment 4. Interpretation
What is the first priority of the scientific approach to characterizing impacts? Social and economic science Value choices Natural science
Correct! Natural sciences tend to be more objective and therefore are the first priority in characterizing impacts.
LCA Module Series Groups Group A: ISO Compliant LCA Overview Modules Group α : ISO Compliant LCA Detailed Modules Group B: Environmental Impact Categories Overview Modules Group β : Environmental Impact Categories Detailed Modules Group G: General LCA Tools Overview Modules Group γ : General LCA Tools Detailed Modules Group T: Transportation-Related LCA Overview Modules Group τ : Transportation-Related LCA Detailed Modules 18 12/2015 OVERVIEW OF LCA MODULE SERIES
LCA Module Series Groups A and α Group A: ISO Compliant LCA Overview Modules Module A1 - Introduction to Life Cycle Assessment and ISO 14040 (February 2015) Module A2 - LCA Requirements and Guidelines: ISO 14044 (February 2015) Group α : ISO Compliant LCA Detailed Modules Module α1 - Goal, Function, and Functional Unit (February 2015) Module α2 - System, System Boundary, and Allocation (February 2015) Module α3 - Life Cycle Stages (April 2015) Module α4 - LCIA Optional Elements: Grouping, Weighing, and Normalization (November 2015) Module α5 - Data Types and Sources (December 2015) Module α6 - Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) (December 2015) 19 12/2015 OVERVIEW OF LCA MODULE SERIES
Function What the product(s) or process(es) is designed to do Often intuitive ◦ However, function must be stated to make it unambiguous Important to help define the system and functional unit Generate Light Transport People House Students Dorm: dci-engineers.com 20 02/2015 LCA MODULE α 1
Relating to the functional unit basis Functional unit = 50,000 passenger-miles traveled Collect input/output Express data based on how inputs/outputs in Multiply by value of much of the function terms of one unit of functional unit is accomplished function Image source: hrc.org 21 02/2015 LCA MODULE α 1
Homework 1. Write a goal statement for a fictitious LCA of your choosing. 2. Find an LCA in a journal or online and examine its goal statement. Does it cover all necessary information as outlined in ISO 14044? Summarize the statements on the four points, or if any are not included state that. 3. Determine what functional unit should be used for an LCA comparing gasoline and ethanol production (hint: think energy). Explain your choice. 4. Consider the use stage of a life cycle assessment on an incandescent light bulb. Assume that the only flow within the system during that stage is the electricity needed to operate the bulb. The bulb consumes 1 kWh of electricity to produce 16,000 lumen-hours of light. Each kWh of electricity has the following simplified inputs and outputs to and from nature: Inputs: 0.356 kg coal Outputs: 1.01 kg CO 2 , 1.60×10 -3 kg NO x ,1.22×10 -2 kg SO 2 , and 9.26×10 -6 kg PM 10 Considering the functional unit is 20,000,000 lumen hours, convert the LCI data into the quantities of inputs and outputs based on the functional unit. 22 02/2015 LCA MODULE α 1
LCA Module Series Groups B and β Group B: Environmental Impact Categories Overview Modules Module B1 - Introduction to Impact Categories (April 2015) Module B2 - Common Air Emissions Impact Categories (March 2015) Module B3 - Other Common Emissions Impact Categories (March 2015) Group β : Environmental Impact Categories Detailed Modules Module β1 - Global Warming Potential (December 2015) Module β2 - Acidification Potential (September 2015) Module β3 - Ozone Depletion Potential (September 2015) Module β4 - Smog Creation Potential (September 2015) Module β5 - Eutrophication Potential (September 2015) Module β6 - Human Toxicity and Ecotoxicity Potential (October 2015) Module β7 – Human Health Particulate Matter (September 2015) Module β9 – Impact Assessment Methodologies (October 2015) 23 12/2015 OVERVIEW OF LCA MODULE SERIES
Common Emissions Impact Categories Some can be partitioned further into: Acidification Potential (AP) • Air • Water Ecotoxicity Potential (ETP) Module • Soil B2 Eutrophication Potential (EP) (Also: Nutrification) Global Warming Potential (GWP) (Also: Climate Change) Human Toxicity Cancer Potential (HTCP) (Also: Human Health Cancer) Human Toxicity Non-Cancer Potential (HTNCP) (Also: Human Health Non-Cancer) Module Human Health Criteria Air Potential (HHCAP) (Also: Human Health Particulates) B3 Stratospheric Ozone Depletion Potential (OPD) (Also: Ozone Layer Depletion) Smog Creation Potential (SCP) (Also: Photochemical Ozone Creation) 24 04/2015 LCA MODULE B1
Other impact categories (Ionizing) Radiation Potential Ecosystem Damage Potential Abiotic Resource Depletion Potential Biotic Resource Depletion Potential Fossil Fuel Depletion Potential Energy Use Land Use Water Use Landfill Use Nuisance-related Impacts (odor, sound, etc.) Particularly uncommon Indoor Air Quality 25 04/2015 LCA MODULE B1
Global Warming Potential (GWP) Scale of impacts: Increase in greenhouse gas concentrations, resulting in potential increases in global average surface temperature Often called climate change to reflect scope of possible effects Global ◦ Climate=long term Weather=short term Based on one projection under various emissions scenarios Change in Average Global Surface Temperature Occurs due to potential increased greenhouse effect from increased concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere Some common greenhouse gases (GHGs) include: ◦ Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) ◦ Methane (CH 4 ) ◦ Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) ◦ Ozone (O 3 ) ◦ Water vapor (H 2 O) – Usually not considered anthropogenic CO 2 : carbon dioxide Figure source: USGCRP (2009). “Global Climate Change Impacts in the United States.” 26 12/2015 LCA MODULE β 1
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