Media Literacy, New Media, and Digital Skills in the Curriculum: Tracing Continuities and Discontinuities in Media Literacy Education at its 10th Anniversary-Turkey Prof. Dr. Tuğba ASRAK HASDEMİR Assist. Mehtap UYAR Praha-ECREA 2016
• The history of media literacy education goes back to the first half of the 20th century in the world. • Nowadays we speak about new media literacy, digital literacy, information literacy so on and so forth.
Different countries different experiences Germany o Media education is o Different not considered as a activities to special field include media literacy in o Media literacy in different compulsory educational activity education is not and to especially must course yet raise awareness on the implementation of ICT
Different countries different experiences Austria o Media literacy is one of the important issues in the Austrian educational system o The new decree dated back 2001, aimed to integrate traditional media with new media, especially the Internet, in a critical and analytical way. o The number of applications that want to include CD-ROM, school textbooks and new media in the list of school textbooks or as attachments to teaching retreats is increasing.
Different countries different experiences UNITED KINGDOM • The UK has an important place in the global development of media literacy due to a series of special mass communication courses offered as an option for students aged 14-18 for more than 20 years. • It means that there are UK teachers who are very experienced in teaching mass communication for this age group, and there is a small broadcasting industry that serves by generating resources for this area.
UNITED KINGDOM Media Literacy in the Curriculum • However, these lessons reach only 7% of this age group, so the concept of media literacy, which is a right for everyone, seems far removed from the beginning of the school years. • The followings related with the new media come to mind in the English curriculum : e- mail, Internet, web sites, CD-ROM etc.
Different countries Different experiences FINLAND • Since 2002, curriculum reform has strengthened the role of media education in primary and secondary education . • Media skills are expected to work both as a recipient and as a message producer. • The new 2002 curriculum also speaks of technology and people.
FINLAND: Media Literacy in the Curriculum • In terms of online resources to assist teachers and students in media education, they have access to Finnish media institutions and the Finnish Broadcasting Company, the national publisher supporting the construction, distribution and monitoring of these materials. • The Ministry of Education published a plan for the construction of digital content for learning and teaching between 2003-2007.
Different countries Different experiences FRANCE • Media education and media literacy were viewed as a cultural activity and a course issue • The entity CLEMI (the contact center between news organs and education), which was largely created in 1982, was based on the will of innovative teachers, and more often associated with the press.
FRANCE Media Literacy in the Curriculum • Through compulsory education, learners learn topics such as power of vision, conveying meaning and discourse, influence of the media, networks in ICT and society, the rational and critical use of information resources, and finding, choosing and evaluating information. • Teachers often use ICT, audiovisual and multimedia products to improve content.
Different countries Different experiences Ireland • Today, media • With the Action education is seen Program in 1998, as a widespread the government and vivid has equipped every application school with especially in computers. All primary school teachers are curricula. trained in computer skills.
IRELAND Media Literacy in the Curriculum The school curriculum incorporates media education into courses such as English, Social, Personal and Health Education, Information and Communication Technologies at various levels.
Different countries Different experiences HUNGARY • Hungary launched a new theme with the title "Culture of Moving Images and Media Education" in its new National Curriculum in 1996. • The goal of creative media pedagogy is to improve visual reading and writing skills as a means of understanding the image world and media around us.
HUNGARY Media Literacy in the Curriculum • The use of electronic resources and information technology in education brings about a significant change in the learning process. • There are textbooks, readers, handbooks, CDs, videos, and alike with different features of media studies.
Different countries Different experiences SLOVENIA 1996 is the year There is a criticism The computer when media literacy project was education officially conducted by a group of took place in the scientists and Slovenian educational practitioners, who do not program. have any theoretical training on ICT, selected by the Ministry of Education and Sports.
Different countries Different experiences CANADA • The media literacy movement began in 1960 under the title 'screen training‘ . • The meetings of CASE (Canadian Association for Screen Education) was held in 1969, where media trainers from all over the country came together in Toronto, but there was a recession in the late 1970s.
MEDIA LITERACY IN CANADA • The media literacy course was included in the English Language Arts curriculum in 1999. • Canada is the world's most advanced country in media education, and the education in schools is very active.
MEDIA LITERACY IN CANADA • Almost every classroom in Canada has internet access. • Teachers are having their lessons by using technology. • In addition to listening, understanding, writing, watching, and creating their own communication skills, media literacy aims at providing the skills of evaluating media texts by capturing the critical perspective of the intended learners.
Different countries Different experiences USA • The history of education in America dates back to 1932. • The greatest development in media literacy occurred in 1990 when health educators alleged that the images of alcohol and cigarettes, along with the violent and sexually explicit images on the screen, had a negative effect on the society, especially on children.
MEDIA LITERACY IN USA • Media education in the United States is more protective than critical, and the approach to media literacy is simply visual analysis. • There is little room for media literacy in America's schools to criticize politics and economic power balances. Instead, both governments, educators, and parents often support the protective media literacy model.
MEDIA LITERACY IN USA • It is expressed that the characteristic structure of media education in America is integrated with three approaches: protectionism, preparation (attainment of media communication and ability to produce messages), and pleasure from the media. • Today, almost 50 states have media literacy in their curriculum. Media literacy education is generally associated with the Language Arts, Social Studies, and Health Education program.
AN EXAMPLE FOR NEW MEDIA LITERACY • Uruguay is the country where the new media is clearly included in the media literacy curriculum. • In Uruguay, students learn about media technologies such as computers, video and photography by creating media products. • Sometimes, students can also explore the process of building media texts to support their own text creation process.
MEDIA LITERACY CURRICULUM IN TURKEY • The concept of media literacy in Turkey began to be discussed in 2000s. • In accordance with the cooperation protocol signed between the RTSC (Radio and Television Supreme Council) and the Ministry of National Education, the media literacy started as a pilot course in five primary schools in different regions in the 2006-2007 academic year. • The course started to be taught as an elective course throughout the country as of 2007-2008 academic year.
MEDIA LITERACY CURRICULUM IN TURKEY Two phases of the course 1. Media Literacy course between 2007-2014 2. Media Literacy course after 2014
Main course materials (2007-2014) The kit on media literacy contained only Handbook and Guidebook for teachers, there was no student book. The reason explained by authorities of the RTSC: not accustom students to memorize, but to help them think freely and express themselves and to make the media literacy course different from other classic courses.
Units of the course (2007-2014) • Introduction to Communication ( c ommunication, the process and content of communication, types of communication), • Mass Communication ( m ass communication, mass media, the relation between communication and mass communication),
Units of the course (2007-2014) • Media (media, the main functions of media, the economic aspect of media, media and ethics, the concept of media literacy, its purpose and significance), • Television (television as an effective mass medium, television broadcasting in Turkey, types of television programs),
Units of the course (2007-2014) • Family, Child and Television (the habit of watching television, the negative effects of television, the analysis of television programs, warning signs),
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