Measures for reduction of nutrient pollution and transboundary nutrients loads from territory of Belarus to the Baltic Sea Aliaksandr Pakhomau Central Research Institute for Complex Use of Water Resources Minsk, Belarus
Catchment area upstream states (Central and Eastern Europe Region) Belarus: 83 850 km 2 Ukraine: 11 170 km 2 Czech Rep.: 7 190 km 2 Slovakia: 1 950 km 2 GIWA 2004 Regional assessment 17 Transboundary basins in Belarus Western Dvina - area - 39 700 km 2 - annual local runoff - 6.8 km 3 Neman - area - 33 400 km 2 - annual local runoff - 6.6 km 3 Western Bug River - area - 10750 km 2 - annual local runoff - 1.4 km 3
Main directions of environmental policy of the Republic Belarus up to 2025 year Important place is given to quality of groundwater and surface water by the reduction of inputs of pollutants into water bodies through measures: - reduction of domestic water consumption up to 150 liters per person per day; -reduction of water losses during intake and transportation to the consumer by 20%; - provide a centralized sewerage systems in towns with a population of over five thousand people; - termination of discharge untreated sewage waters into water bodies; - reclamation of at least 50% filtration fields in 2025 after exploitation - provision local treatment of waste water from industrial plants discharged into sewage systems; - reducing water discharges of heavy metals by 95%, persistent pollutants by 95%, nitrogen and phosphorus by 50%.
Projects activity in the industrial sector with international donors (NDEP, IBRD, NEFCO) 60.9 MEUR
Activities under EU BSR Strategy • Priority 1 – To reduce nutrient inputs to the sea to acceptable levels (Poland and Finland) Assessment of regional nutrient pollution load and identification of priority Investment projects to reduce nutrient pollution from Belarus to the Baltic Sea Client : NORDIC ENVIRONMENT FINANCE CORPORATION (NEFCO) Beneficiary: MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS Implementation period : Nov 2012 – Nov 2013 Project stages and objectives : 1. Baseline study (update information on nutrient pollution from the main wastewater treatment plants and large-scale animal farms as well as diffuse load from the three transboundary river basins on the territory of Belarus, the Western Bug, the Neman and the Western Dvina that discharge to the Baltic Sea. 2. Identification of priority investments to reduce cost efficiently the nutrient pollution to the Baltic Sea and to develop an action plan to implement the priority investment program for selected ten priority targets. 3. Preparation of the feasibility study for the selected investment projects.
ASSESSMENT OF INVESTMENTS AND MEASURES FOR REDUCTION OF NUTRIENT LOADS FROM ANIMAL FARMS Initial screening of potential candidates Criteria for selecting: 1. Biggest pollution potential based on the size of the farm and its manure production and manure nutrient content (OCP approach) 2. Geographical location 3. Investment capacity and plans Cattle farms Poultry farms Pig farms Source: Pesentation NEFCO project(Poyry Finland Oy)
ASSESSMENT OF INVESTMENTS AND MEASURES FOR REDUCTION OF NUTRIENT LOADS FROM ANIMAL FARMS 1. Biggest pollution potential based on the size of the farm and its manure production and manure nutrient content (OCP approach) For pollution reduction investments oxygen consumption potential (OCP) parameter has been used Calculation method: 1 kg BOD results in 1 kg primary oxygen consumption 1 kg total Nitrogen results in 4 kg primary oxygen consumption 1 kg total Phosphorus results in 100 kg secondary oxygen consumption 1 kg total Nitrogen results in 14 kg secondary oxygen consumption Phosphorus and nitrogen will be changed to biologically available P and N by using factors: untreated wastewater is 0.65*P OCP = 18*N*0.9 + 100*P*0.65 biologically treated wastewater is 0.8*P nitrogen in all cases is 0.9*N Assumptions: 1 Livestock unit (LSU) = 1 cow or cattle = 10 pigs = 1000 poultry 1 LSU equals 100 kgN/year, 12 kgP/year, of which 10 kgN/year and 3.6 kgP/year leaches into environment Source: FINAL REPORT AND ACTION PLAN (Poyry Finland Oy)
ASSESSMENT OF INVESTMENTS AND MEASURES FOR REDUCTION OF NUTRIENT LOADS FROM ANIMAL FARMS 2. Geographical location Example of far upsream location of farms (multiplier 0.6 used) Example of location of farm in immediate vicinity of a big river (multi-plier 1.4 used)
ASSESSMENT OF INVESTMENTS AND MEASURES FOR REDUCTION OF NUTRIENT LOADS FROM ANIMAL FARMS 3. Investment capacity and plans Multiplier 1…1.5 used corresponding forecasted growth by 2020 Source: FINAL REPORT AND ACTION PLAN (Poyry Finland Oy)
ASSESSMENT OF INVESTMENTS AND MEASURES FOR REDUCTION OF NUTRIENT LOADS FROM ANIMAL FARMS Calculation of OCP based on manure’s nutrients content resulting in TOP 30 Initial top 30 list of large scale animal farms Geographical location risk for nutrient loads into the NO Baltic Sea YES Investment capability based on financial data of farm YES Farm willingness to NO invest YES Urgency by regional administration and approval NO by Ministry YES Selection of TOP 5 farms for future disscussion at the project meeting Source: Presentation NEFCO project(Poyry Finland Oy)
ASSESSMENT OF INVESTMENTS AND MEASURES FOR REDUCTION OF NUTRIENT LOADS FROM WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS Main municipal WWTPs Estimation of influent loads: People served by WWTPs Per capita loads: BOD 5 60 g/cap/d Tot-N 12 g/cap/d Tot-P 2 g/cap/d Estimation of effluent loads: BOD removal 90% Nitrogen removal 40% Phosphorus removal 40% Total nutrient loads from WWTP (2011): Tot-N 4 814 t/year Tot-P 882 t/year Water Cadastre (reporting 2011): Tot-N 3 485 t/year Tot-P 374 t/year Source: FINAL REPORT AND ACTION PLAN (Poyry Finland Oy)
ASSESSMENT OF INVESTMENTS AND MEASURES FOR REDUCTION OF NUTRIENT LOADS FROM WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS FUTURE LOADING FROM WWTP INVESTMENTS IN WWTP Main target for wastewater treatment has been 6 000 the fulfillment of HELCOM recommendations after completion of the investments. In practice, the 5 000 needed investments include construction of 4 000 chemical dosing station, reconstruction of tot-N without biological treatment processes but also other investments 3 000 needed investments to improve preliminary tot-N with planned treatment and sludge treatment units. Cost investments 2 000 estimates for reconstruction of biological 1 000 treatment units including increase of capacity if needed are as follows: 0 2011 2015 2020 •Vitebsk WWTP 11.1 MEUR • Grodno WWTP 12.8 MEUR 1 000 •Brest WWTP 12.2 MEUR 900 800 700 Other activated sludge plants: 600 tot-P without investments 500 – PE 150,000 – 200,000 9.0 MEUR tot-P with planned 400 investments – PE 80,000 – 100,000 6.0 MEUR 300 200 – PE 40,000 – 60,000 4.5 MEUR 100 – PE 20,000 – 40,000 3.0 MEUR 0 2011 2015 2020 Source: presentation NEFCO project(Poyry Finland Oy)
ASSESSMENT OF INVESTMENTS AND MEASURES FOR REDUCTION OF NUTRIENT LOADS FROM WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS Loading-based criteria The cost efficiency of each investment is proposed to be calculated by dividing the load reduction with the estimated investment cost. The parameter to be used in calculation of load reduction is the oxygen consumption potential (OCP). Total OCP values have been calculated for different type of investments in two situations: (i) before and (ii) after the investment is made. The environmental effects of the investments are the reductions in total OCP. Thereafter, the reduction in total OCP is divided by the life cycle costs to get the cost efficiency of the specific investment in reduction of OCP kg/EUR. Cost efficiencies of different investments have been compared with each other and the investment with the highest cost efficiency figure represents the highest priority investment. Other Criteria for Priority Investments - Investment already financed: If there is a major on-going investment or loan agreement with international financing institutions, the point source is excluded from the candidates (such as IFI loan and grants agreements for Vitebsk, Grodno and Brest) - Investment capability: The financial analysis of the organization responsible for the point source shows that the proposed investments can be afforded. - Owner’s commitment: The owner of the point source has expressed an interest to carry out investments to reduce or control discharges of biogen compounds (phosphorus and nitrogen) - Geographical location : The proximity of point source to the borders of Belarus
ASSESSMENT OF INVESTMENTS AND MEASURES FOR REDUCTION OF NUTRIENT LOADS FROM WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS Priority order of municipal wastewater treatment investments - - WWTP W Included W in some activity EBRD, PURE PRESTO Source: FINAL REPORT AND ACTION PLAN (Poyry Finland Oy)
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