“WAVES OF CITIZENSHIP, WAVES OF LEGALITY” May 18th -24th, 2015 – Palermo, Italy
Waves project 1. Introduction to organized crime and juvenile crime issues • General overview: Organized and juvenile crime in Greece • Statistics • Interviews with key witnesses • Countermeasures ( Legislative field and Working field) • Conclusions
2. Current situation in Greece 2.1. Organized Crime 2.2. Juvenile crime
2.1. Organized crime • Not very familiar until the nineties. • Drugs and weapon smuggling • Illegal weapons trafficking: • 2011: 1,5 million firearms in Greece • Imported by Balkan states • 300 gangs involved in trafficking weapons • Drug trafficking: • Greece is used to move Afghan herion from Central Asia to Western Europe • 70% of cannabis imported from Albania • Lowest street value for heroin in the European Union: 20 euro per gram
2.1. Organized crime • Human smuggling and trafficking: • Smuggling: transportation and the use of people, drugs and guns for a certain purpose after being brought into the country. • Greece is ‘ Anatolian geopolitical corridor’ for people from Asia, Middle East and Africa to enter the EU. • Many migrants are forced to stay in reception camps. Because of the bad conditions they start to use violence and become criminal. • Child adoption: • “ selling ” of the biological child by mothers • Begging system: • Often young Roma from other Balkan countries and family based
2.1. Organized crime • Money laundering: • Cover up by following legal businesses • Mafia structures: • Lots of areas in Crete • Political parties involved in organized crime: • Golden Dawn, third largest political party in Greece
2.2. Juvenile Crime • In the past not a big issue • Youth grew up protected and pampered • Nowadays increased because of the economical and social crisis • Nationalities of young offenders in Greece: • 67% born in Greece • 17% from Albania • 16% from elsewhere like Russia or Georgia • Young offenders have a major drug consumption compared to same aged youth.
2.2. Juvenile Crime • Family environment: • Parental unemployment: 24,3% of father and 46,8% of mothers • 15,6% don’t spend time with their family during the week and even 22,6% on weekends • 15,9% said to have a bad relationships with their parents • 22,3% of the parents use physical punishment to youngsters when not obeyed
3. Countermeasures 3.1. Legal framework • Organized crime • Juvenile crime 3.2. Working field • Organized crime • Juvenile crime
3.1. Organized crime legislation Legal rules regarding Organized Crime Article 187 of the Greek Penal Code (reference to Council FD 2008/841/JHA -Definition of criminal organization -Types of Offences -Aggravating circumstances -Connection to political or economic powers -Penalties
Legal rules regarding Organized rime Article 252A of the Greek Procedural Penal Code -Investigative penetration -Non-confidentiality of telephone communications -Recording activity with audio or video equipment -Combination of personal data -Controlling transportation
Legal rules regarding Organized Crime Law 3064/2002, on the Prevention and Suppression of Human Trafficking Law 3251/2004, on the European arrest warrant Law 3424/2005, for the purpose of money laundering and the establishment of the National Authority for Combating Money Laundering Law 3536/2007, for the inclusion of certain types of illegal immigration Organized Crime Law 233/2003, concerning the assistance to victims of trafficking.
Legal rules regarding Young offenders Articles 18, 54, 121 et seq . of the Greek Penal Code Articles 7, 113 of the Greek Procedural Penal Code
3.2. Working field Organized crime: Not much information provided: • Victor-project: • Activities regarding prevention of child trafficking. • Raise awerness through activities and campaigns at risk of human trafficking • Collaboration between several countries like Greece, Romania, Bulgaria, … • Provide services to victims of trafficking
3.2. Working field Juvenile crime • ARSIS: • Non-governmental organization for social support of youth who are in difficulty or in danger while advocating their rights. • Prevent marginalization of youth and support disadvantaged young people • Seeks to achieve equal opportunities for all young individuals • Provide psycho-social, legal and educational support, temporary housing and food services, preparation for employment and social mobilization • Guiding young people who have to do communty services to prevent relapse • Intervention in detention facilities for youth: opportunities for education, creative activities, expression and communication.
3.2. Working field • IASIS NGO: • Athens • provide therapeutic and counseling services, as well as psychosocial support to people who are in need. • social vulnerable groups like children, teenagers and young offenders. • individual empowerment and social re-integration of the target group • psycho-educational and counseling services, educational activities and programs for community awareness
4. Concluding Remarks • Regarding Greek legislation: adequate legal framework capable of leading to a justice society free from maintaining criminal behaviors • Active civil society doing valuable work that has to be continued and reinforced with fresh ideas and actions
Thank you for you attention!
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