Material Characteristics of Ceramics and Composites Characteristics of Aerospace Materials Materials and Manufacturing Methods
Ceramics
Properties of ceramics • Hard and brittle (limited toughness - small failure strain) • High strength and stiffness (depends on composition) • Able to withstand high temperatures • Wear resistant
Space Shuttle Columbia Crashed February 1, 2003 • Crew of 7 killed • No apparent problems • during lift-off and mission Disintegrated during re- • entry
Space Shuttle Columbia • Piece of foam detached from tank, which hits leading edge during lift-off • Foam damaged the heat- resistant ceramic skin • Hot gases could enter the wing and affect its structure
Composites
Carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRPs) Strong and stiff in tension only • • Anisotropic behavior UD = Unidirectional Composite • Cross ply = fibers in 0 o and 90 o •
Two materials working as one Two distinct, structurally complementary materials Fibers: Reinforce polymer, carry main portion of load Polymer: Support and transfer load to/from fibers in shear
Properties of CFRPs • High specific properties (strength and stiffness) • Approximately elastic until failure ( no ductility ) • High directionality: tailorable for application, multiple orientations required to cope with loading
Hybrid materials (GLARE) Metal: Provides ductility, isotropic strength/stiffness Fibers: Reinforces polymer, carries significant portion of load Polymer: Transfers load between fibers and metal in shear
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