Mate r ial Distr ibution in T r e ate d MSWI Bottom Ash F r ac tions P.M.F . va n de Wo uw M.V.A. F lo re a H.J.H. Bro uwe rs
Conte nt • I ntro duc tio n – Munic ipa l So lid Wa ste I nc ine ra tio n Bo tto m Ashe s (MSWI BA) – Dutc h le g isla tio n • Me tho do lo g y • Re sults • Co nc lusio n 2 29/ 06/ 2016
Munic ipal Solid Waste Inc ine r ation (MSWI) Incineration/ Delivery Pre ‐ treatment Waste gas cleaning Chimney Steam generator F ly Ashe s • 20 ma ss % • Vo lume re duc tio n: 90% Bottom Ashe s (BA) • • Ma ss re duc tio n: 70% 80 ma ss % Chimenos et al, 1999 3 29/ 06/ 2016
Munic ipal Solid Waste Inc ine r ation Bottom Ash (MSWI BA) • Afte r pre -tre a tme nt • Pro b le ma tic c o nta mina nts (So il Qua lity De c re e ) • Aluminum • Ba rium • Co ppe r • Mo lyb de num • Chlo ride s • Sulpha te s 4 29/ 06/ 2016
Dutc h building mate r ial le gislation • Sha pe d – > 50 c m 3 – Virtua lly no e ro sio n o r we a r • Unsha pe d – < 50 c m 3 – No t susta ina b le rig id – L imite d e missio n to the e nviro nme nt • I so la te d, c o ntro lle d & mo nito re d ma te ria ls – Unsha pe d b uilding ma te ria ls – Hig h e missio ns to the e nviro nme nt 5 29/ 06/ 2016
Changing Dutc h le gislation: Gr e e n de al • I so la te d, c o ntro lle d & mo nito re d ma te ria ls 0% <50% 2016 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Today • 2020: 100% fre e ly a pplic a b le b uilding ma te ria l – Sha pe d – Unsha pe d – I so la te d, c o ntro lle d & mo nito re d ma te ria ls 6 29/ 06/ 2016
Munic ipal Solid Waste Inc ine r ation Bottom Ash (MSWI BA) • Alte rna tive a pplic a tio ns a re ne e de d: – Va st pro duc tio n q ua ntitie s, – L imite d a pplic a tio n a s a ro a d b a se ma te ria l (Ne the rla nds), – L a ndfilling ta xe s, – Stric te r le g isla tio n. • BA ha s c o mpa ra b le pro pe rtie s to tho se o f ra w ma te ria ls a pplie d in b uilding ma te ria ls • BA ha s the po te ntia l to b e mo difie d to fit this a pplic a tio n. Al-Ra wa s e t a l. 2005; Be rto lini e t a l. 2004; Sa ikia e t a l. 2008; de l Va lle -Ze rme ño e t a l. 2013; F lo re a 2016; Su e t a l. 2013; Ya ng , L ia o , a nd Wu 2012 7 29/ 06/ 2016
Me thodology • Pa rtic le Size Distrib utio n – Dry sie ving • Ma nua lly so rting fra c tio ns – Ba se d o n a ppe a ra nc e • Spe c ific de nsity – He pyc no me te r • Wa te r pe rme a b le po ro sity – Hydro sta tic we ig hing 8 29/ 06/ 2016
R e sults • Pa rtic le size distrib utio n MSWI BA 0-40 mm 100% 100% BA 0 ‐ 40mm Cumulative Cumulative finer (vol. %) 80% 80% BA 0 ‐ 40mm Sieve Fraction Finers (vol. %) 60% 60% 40% 40% 20% 20% 0% 0% 10 100 1000 10000 100000 Particle size (µm) 9 29/ 06/ 2016
MSWI BA fr ac tions >4 mm 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% mass % 90% 90% 90% 90% 90% 90% Ceramic & Stone Glass 80% 80% 80% 80% 80% 80% 70% 70% 70% 70% 70% 70% 60% 60% 60% 60% 60% 60% 50% 50% 50% 50% 50% 50% 40% 40% 40% 40% 40% 40% Metal Unburned 30% 30% 30% 30% 30% 30% 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 4000 4000 4000 4000 4000 4000 5600 5600 5600 5600 5600 5600 8000 8000 8000 8000 8000 8000 11200 11200 11200 11200 11200 11200 16000 16000 16000 16000 16000 16000 22400 22400 22400 22400 22400 22400 Pa rtic le size (µm) Unburned (m%) Unburned (m%) Unburned (m%) Unburned (m%) Unburned (m%) Unburned (m%) Ceramic and stone (m%) Ceramic and stone (m%) Ceramic and stone (m%) Ceramic and stone (m%) Ceramic and stone (m%) Ceramic and stone (m%) Glass (m%) Glass (m%) Glass (m%) Glass (m%) Glass (m%) Glass (m%) Metals (m%) Metals (m%) Metals (m%) Metals (m%) Metals (m%) Metals (m%) Minerals not Minerals Minerals extractable Minerals - High ferromagnetic (m%) Minerals - High ferromagnetic (m%) Minerals - High ferromagnetic (m%) Minerals - High ferromagnetic (m%) Minerals - High ferromagnetic (m%) Minerals - High ferromagnetic (m%) extractable Minerals - Low ferromagnetic (m%) Minerals - Low ferromagnetic (m%) Minerals - Low ferromagnetic (m%) Minerals - Low ferromagnetic (m%) Minerals - Low ferromagnetic (m%) Minerals - Low ferromagnetic (m%) not extractable extractable by by magnet magnet 10 29/ 06/ 2016
MSWI BA fr MSWI BA fr ac tions >4 mm: por ac tions >4 mm osity 100% 100% mass % 90% Ceramic & Stone 90% Glass Volume (%) 80% 80% 70% 70% 60% 60% 50% 50% 40% 40% Metal Unburned 30% 30% 20% 20% 10% 10% 0% 0% 4000 5600 8000 11200 16000 22400 4000 5600 8000 11200 16000 22400 Pa rtic le size (µm) Particle size (µm) Mineral - Not extractable Mineral - Extractable Unburned (m%) Ceramic and stone (m%) Glass Ceramic and stone Glass (m%) Metals (m%) Minerals not Minerals extractable Pores mineral - Not extractable Pores Mineral - Extractable Minerals - High ferromagnetic (m%) Minerals - Low ferromagnetic (m%) Pores glass Pores ceramic and stone extractable by by magnet magnet 11 29/ 06/ 2016
Par tic le size distr ibution of sor te d mate r ial fr ac tions 100% 100% 80% 80% Finers (vol. %) 60% 60% Cumulative finer (vol. %) 40% 40% 20% 20% 0% 0% 4,0 32,0 Particle size (mm) Ceramic and stone Mineral ‐ Not extractable Glass Mineral ‐ Extractable Metal Unburned 12 29/ 06/ 2016
Por osity size distr ibution of sor te d mate r ial fr ac tions 100% 100% 80% 80% Cumulative finers (vol. %) Finers (vol. %) 60% 60% 40% 40% 20% 20% 0% 0% 4,0 32,0 Ceramic and stone Mineral ‐ Not extractable Glass Mineral ‐ Extractable Metal Average Particle size (mm) Unburned 13 29/ 06/ 2016
Spe c ific de nsity of MSWI BA mate r ial fr ac tions > 4 mm 3,4 Specific density (g/cm³) 3,2 R² = 0,8733 3,0 R² = 0,9284 2,8 R² = 0,9735 2,6 R² = 0,8507 2,4 2,2 4000 32000 Particle size (µm) Ceramic and stone Glass Mineral ‐ Not extractable Mineral ‐ Extractable 14 29/ 06/ 2016
Conc lusions • Co a rse a g g re g a te s re pla c e me nt is po ssib le whe n ta king le g isla tio n into a c c o unt • Hig he st po ro sity is pre se nt in e xtra c ta b le mine ra ls (5.8%) a nd c e ra mic s a nd sto ne s (5.3%) • With ma g ne tic se pa ra tio n: – 70% o f the mine ra l fra c tio n is re mo va b le (32.5% o ve ra ll) – A c le a ne r mine ra l stre a m o f g la ss, c e ra mic s a nd sto ne s c a n b e pro duc e d – T he o ve ra ll po ro sity o f the re ma ining BA is re duc e d 15 29/ 06/ 2016
T hank you for your atte ntion! • Que stio ns, tho ug hts, ide a s… 16 29/ 06/ 2016
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