Management & Public Administration: Evolution of thought By Syndicate Group 12: Ram Niwas Meena, Ram Singh, Mohammad Tayyab, Shipra Srivastava, Nitisha Mann, Kunal Angrish, Bishop Sarkar, Charu Nigam
Outline What is Administration? What is an organization? What is Pub Ad? Difference Between Management and Public Administration Paradigms – Evolution of Thought LPG - Reforms Good Governance
Administration , Management, Organization – used interchangeably
What is an organization? • Objective • Ethos Goal • Roles and Responsibilities Oriented • Management • Personnel Human Grouping • Decision Making Functions • Implementation / Execution Functions Performing functions
Funds Functions 3 Fs of Organization Functionaries Economic Efficient 3 E concerns/ Aim Effective
Govt Organizations include: Ministries Secretariat Field Agencies Departments – Water, Electricity etc PSUs Training academies etc
Administration as: As an activity: Administration is as old as the society itself As a subject/ Discipline : Study of administration is a new domain and dates back to the First essay in 1887 by Woodrow Wilson : “ The Study of Administration” Administration is the performance of activities in What does “Public” Mean? Activities impacting Govt exchequer For the people, serving the people
Public Administration Study of Govt. Organizations That exist in Political Setups(Environment) Is the management of public agencies implementing public policies to fulfill state purposes(Aim) in the public interest activities of groups cooperating to accomplish the common goals of government . Example of activities of Govt in Public interest: maintenance of law and order, communications, public health, education, etc.
Difference Between Administration and Management Public Administration has: Principle of uniformity Principle of external financial control Principle of service motive Paul H. Appleby - public administration is different from private administration in three important aspects: political character breadth of scope impact and consideration and public accountability
Ethos of both Public administration and pvt administration differ One focuses on profit motive and the other on public interest Public administration aims at delivering public goods and services to all the citizens Management / Pvt Administration focuses on economic, efficient good quality service to the ones who pay for the services
Similarities Managerial Aspects: planning, organizing, coordinating and controlling accounting aspects like maintenance of accounts, filing, statistics and stocking are the similar hierarchical chain of command or reporting as the organizational structure Propensity to getting influenced, adopt and need for reform personnel and financial concerns – leaves, welfare, motivation, training, productivity
Due to the similarities between public and a private administration functions authors like Henry Fayol, M P Follet, Lyndall Urvick did not treat the two as different. Henry Fayol said that all kinds of administration function on some general principle planning, organizing, commanding and controlling
Evolution of Thought Broadly, there are five stages in the chronology of the evolution of Public Administration as a discipline: Stage 1: Era of Orthodoxy: Politics administration dichotomy (1887-1926) Began with the 1887 essay on “The Study of Administration” by Woodrow Wilson Wilson believed in the Science of administration Goodnow- “ Politics has to do with the policies and expression of state will” ; “ Administration involves execution of these policies” Water tight separation between politics & Administration
Stage 2: Principles of administration (1927-1937) Scholars believed in fundamental principles of administration applicable in general parlance to all types of administration irrespective of public or private organizations That can enhance economy, efficiency and effectiveness of public administration Value neutrality Public administration as science- experiments to find best methods and bench marking etc Scientific Management Movement- F.W .Taylor Mohit Bhattacharya observed that – Public aspect of Public administration was literally dropped in this phase and extreme emphasis was given to the principles of adminisrtation
Stage 3: Public Administration as Political Science: Era of challenge (1938-1947) Challenges faced by the discipline from behavioral thinkers and Human Resource school of thought Challenging the over simplistic assumptions of a rational economic man Hawthorne experiments – elton Mayo Stage 4: Public Administration as Administrative Science- (Management) Crises of identity (1948-1970) Post war period- challenges in society return of ‘values’ in Public administration cross cultural as well as cross national study of administration New Public Administration Comparative Public Administration
Stage 5: Public Administration as Public Administration: Public policy perspective (1971 onwards) Reinventing & Reengineering Government New Public Management New Public Service Post Modernism
Locus vs Focus Robert Golembiewski analysed the above paradigms in terms of the stress given to the thinkers of the particular era / paradigm on “LOCUS” & “FOCUS” Locus- Where does the study of Public administration lie - context Focus- What is the domain of specialists of public administration
Present Paradigm Focus and Locus both coincide Systems approach to studying organization Focus on delivery of public goods and services – economically, efficiently, effectively Government Governance Good Governance Minimum Government Maximum Governance
Stage 1: Politics Administration Dichotomy
Woodrow Wilson “The Study of Administration” 1. Stressed the need for a scientific study of administration. 2. Delineated conduct of government as a field for analytical study. 3. He provided rationale for public administration as an academic discipline and professional specialization. September 19, 2016 20
Political Science deals with “ WHAT” of Govt. Public Administration deals with “HOW” of Govt. 1. Economy 2. Efficiency 3. Effectiveness September 19, 2016 21
Politics Administration Dichotomy Rests on a functional-structural view of government, dividing governmental authority between elected and administrative officials along functional lines Administration/ Executive is of two types Elected Representatives (Policy Formulation) Career Bureaucrats( Policy Implemenation) This paradigm was the beginning of Public administration as a discipline where attempt was made to see administration and politics as completely distinct from each other
• The Study of administration could be new as a discipline • But there is a well written mention of study of administration in Indian Scriptures- Kautilya’s Arthshastra September 19, 2016 23
Kautilya‘s Arthashastra The central theme of Kautilya’s Arthashastra is: “PrajasukheSukham Raja, Prajacha HiteHitam..” “In the happiness of the subjects lies the benefit of the king and in what is beneficial to the subjects is his own benefit” – (1.19.34) September 19, 2016 24
According to Pandit Nehru:- Chankya‘s Arthashastra deals with a vast variety of subjects and covers almost every aspect of theory and practice of government. R C Majumdar considers the Arthashastra as the classical work on the study of political science and administration and as the high watermark of Indian Political thought. September 19, 2016 25
Nature of State Nature of Duties Saptanga Theory/Prakritis 1. The Swamin OR The Ruler 2. The Amatya OR The Minister 3. The Janapada OR Population 4. The Durga OR The Fortified Capital 5. The Kosha OR The Treasury 6. The danda OR The Army 7. The Mitra OR Ally and Friend September 19, 2016 26
Principles of Public Administration Principles of authority, obedience and discipline, of duty and interest, and of responsibility. Principles of division of labour, of coordination, of separation, of hierarchy, and of equity September 19, 2016 27
Machinery of Government Financial Administration Home Department Justice Wage and Salaries Recruitment and Training Relationship between Organs of State September 19, 2016 28
Stage 2: Principles of Administration (1927-1937)
Henri Fayol Founder of “ Management Process School ” Origin of his management concepts Management and public administration Ideas about managerial activity as regards industrial undertakings. Elements of management Attributes of good manager
Fayol’s Principles of management Division of work Centralisation or 1. 1. decentralisation Authority 2. Scalar chain 2. Discipline 3. Equity 3. Unity of command 4. Order 4. Unity of direction 5. Stability of tenure 5. Subordination of individual 6. interest to general interest Initiative 6. Remuneration Esprit de corps 7. 7.
Recommend
More recommend
