Management Research Symbiosis of Scientific Research and - PDF document

12/24/2014 Observation NO 3 NO 3 NO 3 NO 3 NO 3 NO3 Management Research Symbiosis of Scientific Research and Management The science and practice of Soil N Fertility . Goal: www.deere.com – Optimize crop yields – Maximize producer profits – Maximize N use efficiency – Minimize NO 3 leaching istockphoto Research and Management Collaboration 1

12/24/2014 • Research has led to many breakthroughs to help meet these goals. Crop production and fertilizer data supports improvement claims . 180 10000 160 160 Average Sucrose yield (lbs/acre) 160 9000 Total Available N (lbs N/acre) 140 140 8000 140 Fertilizer N Rate (lb acre -1 ) 120 Grain Yield (bu acre -1 ) 120 7000 120 100 6000 100 100 5000 80 80 80 4000 60 60 3000 60 40 2000 40 Sucrose 40 20 1000 Total Available N 20 20 0 0 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 0 0 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 Year Sugarbeets – North Central US Corn – Nebraska Yield vs N Rate • However , there is a need for more research and implementation of proven practices to continue improving. mississippi-crops.com atlas-geo.com crops.org Research and Management Collaboration 2

12/24/2014 Nitrogen Cycle N Mineralization N Mineralization is Significant in Idaho 3

12/24/2014 Variability Climate Management Soil N Mineralization • Models • Empirical Relationships • Estimates N Mineralization is Significant in Idaho Total Plant N Uptake (lbs N/acre) Total Plant N Uptake (lbs N/acre) 350 450 2010 2008 400 300 350 250 300 117 250 200 200 -15 150 150 118 100 100 29 50 50 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 Inorganic N Supply (Fertilizer N + Inorganic Soil N) (lbs N/acre) Mineralization Variability 4

12/24/2014 Nitrogen Cycle • Right source – Conventional sources – Urea, UAN, etc. – Slow and controlled release (ESN, Super U, etc.) – Manure, compost • Right time – Fall, spring, split applications, irrigation injection, etc. • Right place – Broadcast, band, band location (surface or sub- surface, rate relative to seed), foliar, etc. • Right rate – Can vary based on source, time, and place – linked to MINERALIZATION Research and Management Opportunities 5

12/24/2014 • Corn N recommendation – Focus on rate South Central Corn and Dairy Cow Data (NASS) 160 500 Corn Acres Harvested (x1000) Silage Acres Dairy Cow Population (x1000) 140 Grain Acres 400 120 Dairy Cow Population 13 site years 100 300 80 200 60 40 100 20 113 site years 0 0 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 8 8 9 9 0 0 1 1 9 9 9 9 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 Research is needed- eg. Right Rate N Supply, N Fertilizer + Soil Inorganic N (lbs N/acre) N Supply, N Fertilizer + Soil Inorganic N (lbs N/acre) 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 Silage Yield (tons/acre @ 65% Water Content) 220 34 210 32 200 30 Grain Yield (bu/acre) 190 28 180 26 170 24 160 22 150 20 Silage Yield versus N Rate and Supply Grain Yield versus N Rate and Supply 140 Mean Yield Mean Yield 18 130 N Rate Main Effect P = 0.8579 NS 16 N Rate Main Effect P = 0.6051 NS 120 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 N Fertilizer Rate (lbs N/acre) N Fertilizer Rate (lbs N/acre) Site Kimberly, ID Soil Portneuf silt loam Year 2014 Soil Test N, 0-24 in 45 ppm Inland Pacific Northwest Grain Fertilizer Recs 120-130 lbs N/acre Inland Pacific Northwest Silage Fertilizer Recs 90 lbs N/acre Corn Response to Nitrogen 6

12/24/2014 2008 - Sig. N Response. EONS = 190 lbs N/acre 2010 - Sig. N Response. EONS = 215 lbs N/acre 2014 - No Sig. N response 11000 10000 ERS (lbs/acre) 9000 8000 7000 6000 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 N Supply, N Fertilizer + Soil Inorganic N (lbs N/acre) Sugarbeet Response to Nitrogen • Soil sampling depth – Capture the amount of N available at the beginning of the season. – DEPTH of sampling!!!! Irrigation shovel 5 foot 1 Example of management improvements we can implement now 7

12/24/2014 Percent of Total Inorganic N Relative to 0-3 ft 120 0-2 ft 3-4 ft 100 80 60 40 20 0 1 2 3 4 e e e e t t t t i i i i S S S S Amount of Residual N Over Soil Depth 500 NO3-N + NH4-N in 0-2 ft (lbs N/acre) 400 300 200 100 0 Conv. Fert. Manure Every Other Year Manure Every Year Effect of Past Manure on N Mineralization 8

12/24/2014 500 NO3-N + NH4-N in 0-2 ft (lbs N/acre) 400 300 200 100 0 Conv. Fert. Manure Every Other Year Manure Every Year Effect of Past Manure on N Mineralization Research Will Continue to Improve N Management in Idaho Cropping Systems 9