Machines as we move to a Low Carbon, Zero Emissions future Alan - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

FPC2019 - 27 th February 2019 The Particular Challenges for Off-Highway and Heavy Duty Machines as we move to a Low Carbon, Zero Emissions future Alan Tolley JCB Group Director - Powertrain

2 Definition of Off-Highway and Heavy Duty Sector • Working Machines; pieces of ‘plant’ • Mobile, but often ‘site’ based • Includes heavy goods transport Construction Agriculture Heavy Goods Transport Heavy Industrial

3 Characteristics of this Sector • High Energy Use (e.g. 40T excavator 2MW hrs per 24hrs) • Continuous Operation • Undeveloped Locations (e.g. infrastructure ground works) • Variable duty cycle • Long life expected (20,000+ hours) • Economics based on well defined ‘cost of ownership’ – Including resale value

4 Location / kWh / day Usage Cycle Life Mobility 20hrs/day 50% LF Construction 36T Exc 1800 Mobile, on site 20,000hrs+ excavating Field 15hrs/day 60% LF In field, Agriculture 1500 15,000hrs+ Tractor ploughing etc contracting 7m3 3 shift, 22hrs/day Waste handling Industrial 1600 20,000hrs+ loader 40% LF Landfil Long 700miles/day Long distance HD Transport 2000 1.5m miles haul 40t 2 shift 40% LF haulage Heavy Duty Machine Usage Examples

5 T echnologies – Prime movers • Combustion Engines (HC, H 2 , NH 3 , etc.) • Electric (Motors, Controls) • Fuel Cells (H 2 , CH 4 , etc.) • Others e.g. Liquid Air Engines All these have routes to Zero AQ emission & low/zero CO 2

6 Energy Storage is a Critical Factor for Mobile Plant 10 kW hr / kg

7 Zero AQ ‘Fuel’ Energy Current T echnology Emission Low or Zero CO 2 Efficiency* Density Cost IC Engine Yes Yes – fuel High (35MJ/L) Low 40% - now dependent 60% - 2025 Fuel Cell Yes Yes – if low Moderate (10 MJ/L) High c.50% carbon electricity (liquid/HP) Battery Yes Yes – if low Low (<1MJ/L) High c.50% Electric carbon electricity *WTW

8 Summary Heavy Duty and Off Highway Machines have different requirements from LD automotive: - High energy usage - continuous operation - varied duty cycles - site based operation - remote locations – no infrastructure Summary - cost of ownership driven Powertrain solutions are required that address these requirements - Fuel availability and ‘fill’ time - Efficiency - Sustainability - Cost of ownership

9 Conclusions To successfully move along the path to a zero emissions, low CO2 future, we need to: • Legislate for Outcomes, not technologies. Outcomes need to be holistic • Apply appropriate technology solutions to achieve the outcomes • Ensure the right choice of Technology Solution is made based on application & usage pattern