Euro- -Méditerranean Méditerranean Symposium Symposium - - Working Group 2 Working Group 2 Euro Geohazards : earthquakes, slope : earthquakes, slope unstabilities unstabilities, tsunamis, coastal erosion , tsunamis, coastal erosion Geohazards Agenda, November 20th, 15h00 – – 18h30 18h30 Agenda, November 20th, 15h00 Chair Chair : : Karim Karim Yelles Yelles (CRAAG, Algeria) (CRAAG, Algeria) Convener : Louis : Louis Géli Géli (Ifremer, France) (Ifremer, France) Convener Report : Pol Guennoc (BRGM, France) Report : Pol Guennoc (BRGM, France) Introduction - - Karim Karim Yelles Yelles Introduction Méditerranean Seismological Seismological Center Center : an original organization for the coordination The Euro The Euro- -Méditerranean : an original organization for the coordination and federation of the seismological community, Gilles Mazet Mazet- -Roux (CSEM/EMSC) Roux (CSEM/EMSC) and federation of the seismological community, Gilles Tsunami hazards in the North Tsunami hazards in the North- -Eastern Atlantic, Mediterranean and adjacent seas, Miguel Eastern Atlantic, Mediterranean and adjacent seas, Miguel Miranda ( Miranda (Faculdade Faculdade de de Ciencias Ciencias, , Universidade Universidade de de Lisboa Lisboa) ) seafloor Submarine landslides, slope unstabilities unstabilities and catastrophic events. The importance of and catastrophic events. The importance of seafloor Submarine landslides, slope mapping and imaging. Francesco mapping and imaging. Francesco Chiocci Chiocci ( (Università Università La La Sapienza Sapienza, Roma) , Roma) The The Prisme Prisme Programme Programme : : a case study a case study, Bruno , Bruno Savoye Savoye ( (Ifremer Ifremer) ) Erosion Processes Processes , Nicole Erosion , Nicole Lenôtre Lenôtre (BRGM) & (BRGM) & Bouchta Bouchta El El Moumni Moumni (Université de Tanger) (Université de Tanger) Seafloor observatories : an essential tool for Seafloor observatories : an essential tool for geohazard geohazard assessment and mitigation, Paolo assessment and mitigation, Paolo Favali (INGV) & Roland Person ( (INGV) & Roland Person (Ifremer Ifremer) ) Favali European Plate Observatory System Plate Observatory System , François Cornet, (IPG Strasbourg) & Massimo European , François Cornet, (IPG Strasbourg) & Massimo Cocco Cocco (INGV) (INGV) Eurofleets : a tool to access to oceanographic facilities (Antoine Eurofleets : a tool to access to oceanographic facilities (Antoine Dosdat Dosdat, , Ifremer Ifremer) ) Discussion Discussion Conclusions Conclusions
The Mediterranean Mediterranean area: area: geodynamically geodynamically active active The Slowly favoring the North –South convergence but generating numerous geological hazards
Seismic monitoring: networking of databases and dissemination EMSC/ CSEM created by the scientific community (ESC) in 1975 to rapidly locate earthquakes 77 institutes in 50 countries Data exchange with a hundred of institutes in more than 60 countries 1300 stations (on land) Production of bulletin at Mediterranean scale Permanent funding only from institutional quotas and CoE subvention Soft money represents 90% of the 2007 budget! www.emsc-csem.org
Tsunami hazards in the Mediterranean No emergency plans for tsunamis (excepted in Japan, USA…) before the giant Indian Ocean tsunami on December 26, 2004 Large European Mediteranean tsunamis: Lisbon 1755, Alexandria, Messine Geological hazards are facing the medium/long term recurrence problem Modelling impact of tsunamis on the coast are ongoing in various countries • Models are able to reproduce well the measurements and the observation • In critical areas there is a need for vulnerability studies • Early warning system : ICG/NEAMTWS an intergovernmental subsidiary body of the IOC, established in June 2005 (Resolution XXIII-14 )
Importance of submarine edifices vs subaerial, Strong slopes, various geomorphic processes Numerous instabilities revealed by detailed mapping Stromboli edifice Etna edifice
2002 Stromboli Italy Stromboli Italy 2002 « Relatively « small » landslides may cause severe damages in near crowded areas Stromboli houses Road
Objective To detect and map all the Italian seafloor geohazard features in the more instable continental margins Production of Geohazard Maps (A0 format, 1:50.000) covering the seafloor in the depth interval 50- 500m
Detailed studies of geohazards: slope instabilities PRISME Cruise: 7 oct – 7 nov 2007 A federative cruise: parners from France, Italy, Spain, Algeria A tour of 4 target areas previously studied by other « conventionnal means »: Gulf of Lions, Ibiza Channel, Algerian margin, Nice slope With 2 initiative tools : Penfeld penetrometer and piezometers -Objectives - internal architecture of recent gravity deposition events in the W Mediterranean - spatial variability of associated turbidity deposits - triggering mechanisms of the process for each studied area - evaluation of future potential risk of submarine slope failure - solutions capable of reducing the danger of submarine
Coastal erosion Status of European costal erosion: : EUROSION project • 20% of EU coastline are eroded or protected • 15 KM² of coastal zone are « lost » per year • 3.2 milliard € are spent for coastal defence per year ! Costal erosion is a non linear/ non continuous processes Studies need continuous multifrequency monitoring at local to regional scales various and detailed studies (mrophology, sedimentoly, hydrodynamics
•Costal evolution (erosion, stability, prograding) is a non linear processes, not constant in time • Extreme events – storms- may be highly damaged for years •Studies need • continuous monitoring at local to regional scales (networks) • various and detailed data (morphology, sedimentoly, hydrodynamics…) at sea and on land • for modelling the geomorphologic evolution trough coupled multiscale and multitools approach • and proposing scenarii • evaluation of possible refurnishment from offshore fossil deposits • and fundamental research on processes + more derailed basic knowledge of coastal zones • Coastal erosion will increase severely with • increased human occupation • climatic changes: sealevel elevation (> = 60cm in this century) , higher impact of storms
Seafloor Observatories: essential tools for Geo- -Hazard Hazard Seafloor Observatories: essential tools for Geo assessment and mitigation assessment and mitigation • Geo-hazards distribution calls for a Regional approach for monitoring, warning and study • Important sources of Geo-hazards are located in marine areas and effective monitoring needs network extension to the seafloor • Geo-hazard prone marine areas have been well identified (e.g., ESONET, MOMAR, NEAREST), scientific and technological activities already started NEAREST 85 km offshore 85 km offshore 3200 m w.d. 3200 m w.d. ( Sagres Sagres Plateau) Plateau) ( GEOSTAR GEOSTAR 1- -year monitoring: year monitoring: 1 Deployment August 2007 Deployment August 2007
EMSO European Mutidisciplinary deep Seafloor observatories Preparatory phase (P Favali coord) start early 2008 (4 years) To be deployed on specific sites around European waters, according to a list of key sites identified by ESONET NoE and forming a widely distributed pan-European infrastructure
EUROFLEETS next call European call opened end nov 07: Research Infratstructure ~ 5 – 7 M€, 4 years program, for vessels L> 35m, submarine or embarked tools Networking activities: European harmonizationof slection procedures, fast operation (in case of emergency), inetroperability, regional coordination, shared strategic, ecoresponsability, traing periods (technician, young scientists), data management, extra Europe cooperation Transnational access: cruises, transits, at distance access Joint Research activities: acquisition softwares, acoustic systems harmonization, mobile sensors, environemnt protection during research at sea, technical priorities
WG2 Preparatory note Actions Build integrated land-sea projects (incl. detailed swath bathymetric surveys, HR seismics…) fro the evaluation of geological hazards Study the potential slides on slopes and their impacts on coastal zones Complement the seismic networks with marine stations Install permanent systems for monitoring the coastal erosion Install / reinforce Tsunami Alert Systems Integrate fundamental researches inlc. Observatories, boreholes, numerical modelling for sediment transport, tsunami impacts…
Working Group discussion Question submitted : which strategy for linking the main expectations of the geosciences community ? •Elaborate a multi-disciplinary research program on geological hazards, integrating land and marine aspects and involving the countries from the northern and southern Mediterranean •Develop training and mobility of students and researchers •Structurate marine sciences research at the Euro-Mediterranean level (development of the access to marine research infrastructures) •Implement a pluri-annual programmation of trans-national cruises involving countries from both shores of the Mediterranean (connexion with Eurofleets).
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