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From hypernuclei to neutron stars: p ? looking for the pieces of the puzzle n Diego Lonardoni FRIB Theory Fellow In collaboration with: Stefano Gandolfi, LANL Alessandro Lovato, ANL Francesco Pederiva, Trento


  1. From hypernuclei to neutron stars: p ? looking for the pieces of the puzzle Λ n Diego Lonardoni FRIB Theory Fellow In collaboration with: ✓ Stefano Gandolfi, LANL ✓ Alessandro Lovato, ANL ✓ Francesco Pederiva, Trento ✓ Francesco Catalano, Uppsala Bormio, January 28, 2016

  2. Strangeness in neutron stars: the hyperon puzzle 2 E M stiff > 2 . 0 M � NS n p e µ R ρ b ρ 0 12 km

  3. Strangeness in neutron stars: the hyperon puzzle 2 E M stiff > 2 . 0 M � < 2 . 0 M � NS µ Y = µ N soft ρ th Y ' 2 � 3 ρ 0 Λ Σ Ξ n p e µ R ρ b ρ 0 12 km

  4. Strangeness in neutron stars: the hyperon puzzle 2 E M stiff > 2 . 0 M � < 2 . 0 M � NS µ Y = µ N soft obs: ∼ 2 M � ρ th Y ' 2 � 3 ρ 0 Λ Σ Ξ n p e µ R ρ b ρ 0 12 km

  5. Strangeness in neutron stars: the hyperon puzzle 2 E M stiff > 2 . 0 M � < 2 . 0 M � NS µ Y = µ N soft obs: ∼ 2 M � ρ th Y ' 2 � 3 ρ 0 Λ Σ Ξ n p e µ R ρ b ρ 0 12 km ✓ Indication for the appearance of hyperons in NS core ? Hyperon puzzle ✓ Apparent inconsistency between theoretical calculations and observations

  6. Strangeness in neutron stars: the hyperon puzzle 2 E M stiff > 2 . 0 M � < 2 . 0 M � NS µ Y = µ N soft obs: ∼ 2 M � ρ th Y ' 2 � 3 ρ 0 Λ Σ Ξ n p e µ R ρ b ρ 0 12 km ✓ Indication for the appearance of hyperons in NS core ? Hyperon puzzle ✓ Apparent inconsistency between theoretical calculations and observations Quantum Monte Carlo YN interaction

  7. Strangeness in QMC calculations 3 Quantum Monte Carlo (Auxiliary Field Diffusion Monte Carlo) � ∂ ∂τ | ψ ( τ ) i = ( H � E 0 ) | ψ ( τ ) i τ = it/ ~ imaginary time τ → ∞ | ψ ( τ ) i = e − ( H − E 0 ) τ | ψ (0) i c 0 | ϕ 0 i projection

  8. Strangeness in QMC calculations 3 Quantum Monte Carlo (Auxiliary Field Diffusion Monte Carlo) � ∂ ∂τ | ψ ( τ ) i = ( H � E 0 ) | ψ ( τ ) i τ = it/ ~ imaginary time τ → ∞ | ψ ( τ ) i = e − ( H − E 0 ) τ | ψ (0) i c 0 | ϕ 0 i projection ✓ nucleon-nucleon phenomenological interaction: Argonne & Urbana p 2 NN X X X i H = + v ij + v ijk + 2B: deuteron scattering 2 m N i i<j i<j<k nuclear + 3B: nuclei matter

  9. Strangeness in QMC calculations 4 Quantum Monte Carlo (Auxiliary Field Diffusion Monte Carlo) � ∂ ∂τ | ψ ( τ ) i = ( H � E 0 ) | ψ ( τ ) i τ = it/ ~ imaginary time τ → ∞ | ψ ( τ ) i = e − ( H − E 0 ) τ | ψ (0) i c 0 | ϕ 0 i projection ✓ nucleon-nucleon phenomenological interaction: Argonne & Urbana ✓ hyperon-nucleon phenomenological interaction: Argonne like p 2 Λ p A = 4 X X X i H = + v ij + v ijk + 2B: scattering CSB* 2 m N i i<j i<j<k p 2 X X X λ + + v λ i + 3B: v λ ij 2 m Λ λ λ ,i λ ,i<j

  10. Strangeness in QMC calculations 4 Quantum Monte Carlo (Auxiliary Field Diffusion Monte Carlo) � ∂ ∂τ | ψ ( τ ) i = ( H � E 0 ) | ψ ( τ ) i τ = it/ ~ imaginary time τ → ∞ | ψ ( τ ) i = e − ( H − E 0 ) τ | ψ (0) i c 0 | ϕ 0 i projection ✓ nucleon-nucleon phenomenological interaction: Argonne & Urbana ✓ hyperon-nucleon phenomenological interaction: Argonne like p 2 Λ p A = 4 X X X i H = + v ij + v ijk + 2B: scattering CSB* 2 m N i i<j i<j<k p 2 X X X λ + + v λ i + 3B: no unique fit v λ ij 2 m Λ λ λ ,i λ ,i<j

  11. Strangeness in QMC calculations 5 Quantum Monte Carlo (Auxiliary Field Diffusion Monte Carlo) � ∂ ∂τ | ψ ( τ ) i = ( H � E 0 ) | ψ ( τ ) i τ = it/ ~ imaginary time τ → ∞ | ψ ( τ ) i = e − ( H − E 0 ) τ | ψ (0) i c 0 | ϕ 0 i projection ✓ nucleon-nucleon phenomenological interaction: Argonne & Urbana ✓ hyperon-nucleon phenomenological interaction: Argonne like p 2 use QMC to fit hyp. exp. data X X X i H = + v ij + v ijk 2 m N B Λ = E ( A − 1 Z ) − E ( A Λ Z ) i i<j i<j<k p 2 X X X λ + + v λ i + 3B: no unique fit v λ ij 2 m Λ λ λ ,i λ ,i<j

  12. Strangeness in nuclei 6 45.0 emulsion 40.0 (K - , π - ) 35.0 ( π + ,K + ) 30.0 (e,e’K + ) 25.0 B Λ [MeV] 20.0 15.0 s 10.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 A -2/3 D. L., F. Pederiva, S. Gandolfi, Phys. Rev. C 89, 014314 (2014)

  13. Strangeness in nuclei 7 45.0 17 Λ O emulsion 40.0 16 Λ O (K - , π - ) 35.0 ( π + ,K + ) 30.0 (e,e’K + ) 25.0 Λ N B Λ [MeV] 20.0 15.0 s 10.0 5 Λ He Λ H , 4 4 Λ He 5.0 3 Λ H 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 A -2/3 D. L., F. Pederiva, S. Gandolfi, Phys. Rev. C 89, 014314 (2014)

  14. Strangeness in nuclei 8 45.0 (I) VMC emulsion 40.0 param (K - , π - ) 91 Λ Zr 35.0 ( π + ,K + ) 49 A. A. Usmani, Phys. Rev. C 52, 30.0 Λ Ca (e,e’K + ) 1773-1777 (1995) 41 Λ Ca 25.0 Λ N B Λ [MeV] 17 Λ O Λ N + Λ NN (I) 16 Λ O 20.0 15.0 s 10.0 5 Λ He 4 Λ H , 4 Λ He 5.0 3 3 Λ H Λ H 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 A -2/3 D. L., F. Pederiva, S. Gandolfi, Phys. Rev. C 89, 014314 (2014)

  15. Strangeness in nuclei 8 45.0 (I) VMC emulsion 40.0 param (K - , π - ) 91 Λ Zr 35.0 ( π + ,K + ) 49 A. A. Usmani, Phys. Rev. C 52, 30.0 Λ Ca (e,e’K + ) 1773-1777 (1995) 41 Λ Ca 25.0 Λ N B Λ [MeV] 17 Λ O Λ N + Λ NN (I) 16 Λ O 20.0 15.0 s 10.0 5 Λ He 4 Λ H , 4 Λ He 5.0 3 3 Λ H Λ H 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 A -2/3 D. L., F. Pederiva, S. Gandolfi, Phys. Rev. C 89, 014314 (2014)

  16. Strangeness in nuclei 9 45.0 VMC emulsion 40.0 param (K - , π - ) 91 Λ Zr 35.0 ( π + ,K + ) 49 30.0 Λ Ca (e,e’K + ) 41 Λ Ca 25.0 Λ N B Λ [MeV] 17 Λ O Λ N + Λ NN (I) 16 Λ O 20.0 Λ N + Λ NN (II) 15.0 s AFDMC fit 10.0 5 Λ He 4 Λ H , 4 Λ He unique fit 5.0 3 Λ H 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 A -2/3 D. L., F. Pederiva, S. Gandolfi, Phys. Rev. C 89, 014314 (2014) F. Pederiva, F. Catalano, D. L., A. Lovato, S. Gandolfi, arXiv:1506.04042 (2015)

  17. Strangeness in nuclei 9 45.0 VMC emulsion 40.0 param (K - , π - ) 91 three-body repulsive Λ Zr 35.0 ( π + ,K + ) hyperon-nucleon force 49 30.0 Λ Ca (e,e’K + ) 41 Λ Ca 25.0 Λ N B Λ [MeV] 17 Λ O Λ N + Λ NN (I) 16 Λ O 20.0 Λ N + Λ NN (II) 15.0 s AFDMC fit 10.0 5 Λ He 4 Λ H , 4 Λ He unique fit 5.0 3 Λ H 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 A -2/3 D. L., F. Pederiva, S. Gandolfi, Phys. Rev. C 89, 014314 (2014) F. Pederiva, F. Catalano, D. L., A. Lovato, S. Gandolfi, arXiv:1506.04042 (2015)

  18. Strangeness in nuclei 10 208 30.0 emulsion 89 (K - , π - ) 25.0 40 ( π + ,K + ) 28 (e,e’K + ) 20.0 16 AFDMC B Λ [MeV] 12 15.0 s 9 7 10.0 6 p 5 4 d 3 5.0 f g 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 A -2/3 F. Pederiva, F. Catalano, D. L., A. Lovato, S. Gandolfi, arXiv:1506.04042 (2015)

  19. Strangeness in nuclei 11 208 30.0 emulsion 89 no re-fit !! (K - , π - ) 25.0 40 ( π + ,K + ) 28 (e,e’K + ) 20.0 16 AFDMC B Λ [MeV] 12 15.0 s 9 7 10.0 6 p 5 4 d 3 5.0 f g 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 A -2/3 F. Pederiva, F. Catalano, D. L., A. Lovato, S. Gandolfi, arXiv:1506.04042 (2015)

  20. Strangeness in nuclei 11 208 30.0 emulsion 89 no re-fit !! (K - , π - ) 25.0 40 ( π + ,K + ) 28 (e,e’K + ) 20.0 16 AFDMC B Λ [MeV] 12 15.0 s 9 good interaction 7 10.0 6 p 5 4 d 3 5.0 f g 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 A -2/3 F. Pederiva, F. Catalano, D. L., A. Lovato, S. Gandolfi, arXiv:1506.04042 (2015)

  21. Strangeness in nuclei 12 208 30.0 emulsion statistics ?? 89 (K - , π - ) calibration ?? 25.0 40 ( π + ,K + ) 28 (e,e’K + ) 20.0 16 AFDMC B Λ [MeV] 12 15.0 s 9 7 10.0 6 p 5 4 d 3 5.0 f g 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 A -2/3 F. Pederiva, F. Catalano, D. L., A. Lovato, S. Gandolfi, arXiv:1506.04042 (2015)

  22. Strangeness in nuclei 13 208 30.0 emulsion statistics ?? 89 (K - , π - ) calibration ?? 25.0 40 ( π + ,K + ) 28 0 . 54(4) MeV (e,e’K + ) 20.0 16 AFDMC B Λ [MeV] 12 15.0 s 9 7 10.0 6 p 5 4 d 3 5.0 f g 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 A -2/3 F. Pederiva, F. Catalano, D. L., A. Lovato, S. Gandolfi, arXiv:1506.04042 (2015) T. Gogami, et al., arXiv:1511.04801 (2015), arXiv:1511.02472 (2015)

  23. Strangeness in nuclei 13 208 30.0 emulsion statistics ?? 89 (K - , π - ) calibration ?? 25.0 40 ( π + ,K + ) 28 0 . 54(4) MeV (e,e’K + ) 20.0 16 AFDMC B Λ [MeV] 12 15.0 s need of reliable data 9 7 10.0 6 p 5 4 d 3 5.0 f g 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 A -2/3 F. Pederiva, F. Catalano, D. L., A. Lovato, S. Gandolfi, arXiv:1506.04042 (2015) T. Gogami, et al., arXiv:1511.04801 (2015), arXiv:1511.02472 (2015)

  24. Strangeness in neutron stars 14 2.8 PNM 2.4 2 . 45(1) M � PSR J0348+0432 2.0 PSR J1614-2230 1.6 M [M 0 ] 1 . 36(5) M � 1.2 � N + � NN (I) ρ th Λ = 0 . 34(1) fm − 3 0.8 0 . 66(2) M � 0.4 � N ρ th Λ = 0 . 24(1) fm − 3 0.0 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 R [km] D. L., A. Lovato, S. Gandolfi, F. Pederiva, Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 092301 (2015)

  25. Strangeness in neutron stars 15 2.8 PNM 2 . 09(1) M � 2.4 2 . 45(1) M � PSR J0348+0432 2.0 PSR J1614-2230 � N + � NN (II) 1.6 ρ th Λ > 0 . 56 fm − 3 M [M 0 ] 1 . 36(5) M � 1.2 � N + � NN (I) ρ th Λ = 0 . 34(1) fm − 3 0.8 0 . 66(2) M � no hyperon formation for 0.4 � N Λ NN (II) up to ρ ∼ 3 . 5 ρ 0 ρ th Λ = 0 . 24(1) fm − 3 0.0 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 R [km] D. L., A. Lovato, S. Gandolfi, F. Pederiva, Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 092301 (2015)

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