5/28/2013 Lifespan Stigma and Discrimination Reduction Research Results Scott Rose, Principal Norma Rivera, Social Marketing Director Runyon Saltzman & Einhorn Larry Bye, Senior Fellow, Public Health Research NORC Lifespan – De-Stigmatization 1
5/28/2013 Primary Research Conducted • 11-13 Year Olds (Inoculation): – More than 600 middle school students responded to a 28- question survey (English and Spanish) • 14-24 Year Olds (Mobilization): – ReachOut.com surveys fielded to ReachOut users • 25+ (Decision Makers): – More than 1,000 decision-makers age 25 or older responded to a baseline survey (English and Spanish) Survey of Children Aged 11-13 • Objective: – Assess baseline level of knowledge about mental illness and stigma/discrimination 2
5/28/2013 Survey Methods • n=633 11-13 year-olds • One quarter African American, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, and Non-Hispanic Whites/Others • Data were collected in shopping malls with parental consent • Locations and completed interviews roughly mirror California population distribution (sites included: Greater LA, Bakersfield, Central Coast, Fresno/Merced, Sacramento, Stockton, Modesto, etc.) • Data were collected in English and Spanish during February and March 2012 • Part of survey was self-administered and part interviewer- administered Common Points of Information • Determined 28 common points of information to develop the survey • Consulted with: – NAMI California – SAMHSA – Dr. Susan Keys – Dr. Sergio Aguilar-Gaxiola 3
5/28/2013 Main Findings • Rather low knowledge level; lots of room for improvement • Of 28 knowledge items, average number # of correct responses was 48% • 12 year olds and Non-Hispanic Whites were more likely to give correct answers What Is Mental Illness? What is its Cause? • 86% agree that mental illness is a condition that changes a person’s thinking, feelings and moods • 83% reject notion that it is caused by laziness and selfishness • Only 45% know that causes are not fully understood 4
5/28/2013 The Behavior of People Experiencing a Mental Illness • 53% agree that people are more likely to hurt others • 76% believe people are more likely to act in ways you don’t expect • Only 43% reject notion that people are not likely to have children Treatment • Only 50% agree that people often get better after going to the doctor • About 60% reject the notion that people often get better but only for a few weeks or months • 63% reject notion that women are more likely than men to get better • 52% agree that people are required to take medicine and get counseling for the rest of their lives 5
5/28/2013 Post Treatment Success • About 60% reject notion that once treated, people often get into trouble with the law • About 60 % agree that once treated, people lead active, productive lives • Only 40% reject the idea that once treated, people are required to live and work only in certain places Stigma and Discrimination • 61% agree that mental illness is common in U.S • 67% disagree that people can be jailed • 80% agree that people should be able to have jobs, housing, and education just like everyone else • Only 46% disagree that it is currently legal to deny housing to people • Only 44% disagree that mental illness is more common in some racial groups • 54% agree that people have to pass a mental health test before that can work at some jobs 6
5/28/2013 Survey of Teen/Young Adult Population (14-24 Year Olds) • Self-administered survey of CA ReachOut.com users aged 13 and older • Conducted by Inspire USA Foundation, March 2012 • 2013 user survey is ongoing and will be accompanied by NORC survey of household population Objectives • Assess: – Demographics of visitors – Frequency/patterns of use – Personal wellbeing, psychological distress – Help-seeking knowledge, preferences and behavior – Mental health literacy and stigma/discrimination KAB – Impressions of ReachOut.com 7
5/28/2013 Survey Methods • Self-administered survey of CA ReachOut.com users • 50% were first time visitors; most of others had first visit in last few months • Most common reason for visiting: seeking help but also “checking out what’s new,” hearing stories, and looking for information • Significant number of frequent visitors and people who spend a lot of time on the site Findings • Vast majority self- assessed knowledge of mental illness as very good (32%) or good (43%) • 83% agreed that anyone can experience a mental illness • 51% would not want others to know if they experienced a mental illness • 76% believe people can recover and lead successful lives 8
5/28/2013 Willingness to Interact with People Experiencing a Mental Illness • Make small talk with the person at a party: 5.42 • Spend an evening hanging out with the person: 5.41 • Make friends with that person: 5.57 • Have person work closely with you on a school or work assignment: 5.07 • 1= totally unwilling; 7=totally willing Survey of California Adult Influencers Aged 25+ • Assessed knowledge, attitudes and behaviors related to issues of stigma and discrimination • Conducted in the winter of 2012 as part of the Stigma Discrimination Reduction Social Marketing Program 9
5/28/2013 Survey Objectives Goal • Assess knowledge, beliefs and behaviors prior to launch of SDR campaign Objectives • Assess: – Stereotypes toward people experiencing mental illness – Basic attitudes: comfort talking to people, likelihood of feeling shame and rejection, existence of discrimination Survey Objectives continued • Assess: – Interest in learning more and being supportive – SDR actions in last 12 months – Willingness to engage on SDR issue – Willingness to accept in specific roles – Change in personal acceptance – Change in social norms 10
5/28/2013 Survey Methods • The survey was fielded by Knowledge Networks • Panel members from California 25 years or older were invited to participate. Everyone had to speak English or Spanish. • Panelists were screened to ensure that they were part of one or more of the following groups: • • Landlords Managers who make hiring or firing • People who work with patients decisions • in a health care setting Caregivers to the elderly • • People who work in any part of Friends and family of persons the criminal justice system experiencing mental health challenges • Teachers • A total of 1,067 surveys were completed Stereotypes About People Experiencing a Mental Health Challenge • Two thirds believe people diagnosed with a mental illness can contribute to society, a positive finding • Majority are ambivalent about “once ill, always ill” idea – don’t know what to believe; population as a whole leans toward disagreement (mean = 3.4) • Majority are ambivalent about the dangerous stereotype • Large numbers believe people with mental illness should “just stop feeling sorry for themselves;” population as a whole leans toward disagreement (mean = 3.0) 11
5/28/2013 Stereotypes About People Experiencing a Mental Health Challenge Stereotypes About People Experiencing a Mental Health Challenge • Almost 8 in 10 disagree that “people with a mental illness only have themselves to blame,” which is a positive finding • Another positive finding: Majority believe “anyone can experience mental illness,” although more than one third are ambivalent • Large number are ambivalent about ability “to get themselves under control” and whether “except for their illness, people with a mental illness are just like everyone else.” 12
5/28/2013 Stereotypes About People Experiencing a Mental Health Challenge Bottom Line About Stereotypes • They are prevalent – On 5 of the 8 measures, majority either hold negative or ambivalent views • Ambivalence more prevalent than hardened negative views – The average across the 8 measures: 9% negative, 49% positive, 42% ambivalent 13
5/28/2013 Attitudes Toward Mental Health Challenges • Only a bare majority accept that discrimination exists • Most are comfortable talking to someone experiencing mental illness • Large majority are not sure about shame and rejection Attitudes Toward Mental Health Challenges 14
5/28/2013 Willingness to Accept in Specific Roles • Almost two-thirds were unwilling to accept people experiencing schizophrenia in any role • „ Most were willing to accept people experiencing mental illness in some roles • „ Respondents were evenly split between accepting people ill with substance abuse – almost half were willing to accept them in some roles and almost half were unwilling to accept them in any role Willingness to Accept in Specific Roles 15
5/28/2013 Change in Personal Acceptance and Social Norms • Considerable ambivalence about whether change is taking place; far more agree it is, however. Behaviors: In the Last 12 Months, Have You Done Any of the Following? • Many report positive behaviors in the last 12 months on an aided basis • 49% reported taking one or more of these actions 16
5/28/2013 Behaviors: In the Last 12 Months, Have You Done Any of the Following? Willingness to Engage on Issue in the Future • The findings are generally positive with respect to willingness to engage on the issue • Ambivalence is more the problem than unwillingness 17
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