LIFE PharmDegrade Degradation of pharmaceuticals in wastewaters from nursing homes and hospitals The LIFE programme: funding opportunities & innovative solutions on wastewater treatment EIP on water conference 2017 Alfândega Porto Congress Centre, Porto, Portugal 26.9.2017 Life-25.eu
Coordinator LIFE PharmDegrade Partner Degradation of pharmaceuticals in wastewaters from nursing homes and hospitals Project beneficiaries: Project Coordinator : ARHEL projektiranje in inženiring d.o.o. Project Partner: University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy The Chair of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics LIFE13 ENV/SI/000466 http://lifepharmdegrade.arhel.si Life-25.eu
Coordinator Environmental problem Partner Pharmaceutical residues – emerging contaminants: FACTS : • Use of medicines increases • Proven toxic effects of drug residues in animals (individual cases: endocrine disrupting, genotoxic, causing bacterial resistance ) UNCERTANITIES : • Unknown effects of complex mixtures (synergistic effects) • Persistent pollutants - conventional (W)WTP not efficient • Effective in low levels – analytical limitations in complex matrices NEEDS : • The 4th stage of WWT not defined and adopted • Environmental legislation not complete LIFE13 ENV/SI/000466 http://lifepharmdegrade.arhel.si Life-25.eu
Coordinator Project Aims Partner Pilot demonstration plant: Pilot-scale demonstration of electrochemical wastewater treatment (advanced oxidation process) for degradation of pharmaceutical residues from treated hospital wastewater effluent. LIFE13 ENV/SI/000466 http://lifepharmdegrade.arhel.si Life-25.eu
Methodology (I) Coordinator Arhel: Partner • Wastewater screening (municipal, hospital, nursing homes) • Development of electrolytic cell • Selection of electrode material • Cell design – flow optimisation • Development of power supply with • Adjustments to different water conductivities • Electrode self cleaning operation mode • Laboratory scale optimisation • Types and concentrations of pure/mixed substances, flow rates, current densities, treatment duration • Construction of pilot plant • Efficiency tests on pilot plant • Analysis of results, costs estimations LIFE13 ENV/SI/000466 http://lifepharmdegrade.arhel.si Life-25.eu
Coordinator Methodology (II) Partner Faculty of Pharmacy: • Selection of representative pharmaceuticals • Optimisation of extraction procedure • Extraction of pharmaceuticals from complex wastewater matrices • semi-automated solid-phase extraction system -SPE DEX • Chromatography: optimisation and validation of LC – MS/MS • Analysis of water samples LIFE13 ENV/SI/000466 http://lifepharmdegrade.arhel.si Life-25.eu
Innovation SCADA RS 485 Electrolytic cells with Uin Current current generator generator ± U Electrolytic cell: I = konst . - with boron doped diamond electrodes , - dimensions: 80x120x350 mm - High electrochemical potential - Cell production of hydroxyl radicals (HO°) Current generator: - Maintains adjustable constant current - Switch mode power supply - Voltage commutation – self cleaning effect - SCADA connection LIFE13 ENV/SI/000466 http://lifepharmdegrade.arhel.si Life-25.eu
Coordinator Results (I) Partner Benefits to EU/National Policy: • Analysis of 16 WWTP effluent (24-hours composite) samples on 111 pharmaceuticals (PH) revealed*: • min 50% and max 70% of PH were detected in particular sample • 27% PH were detected in all 16 samples, • 90% of all considered PH were detected in at least one effluent sample • PH determined in all samples, were found in high concentrations*: • tramadol 11.3 µg/L, diclofenac 1.4 µg/L (analgesic drugs) , • rosuvastatin 1.9 µg/L (lowering cholesterol) • valsartan 1.3 µg/L (vasodilator) • diuretic furosemide and antiepileptic gabapentin both 1.1 µg/L ( Only diclofenac on the EU Watch List! ) High incidence of PH from WWTPs - necessity to systematically monitor & evaluate the ecological risks and support the future protection measures!! * Klančar et al., Pharmaceutical contamination of Slovene wastewaters. LIFE PharmDegrade closure conference, Ljubljana 2016 . LIFE13 ENV/SI/000466 http://lifepharmdegrade.arhel.si Life-25.eu
Coordinator Results (II) Partner Benefits to the environment: • Proven high efficiency at Comparison of the removal efficiency of pharmaceuticals from wastewater already short contact times Electrochem. with electrodes (single or diclofenac (2479.1) oxidation: double passage) at 25 contact time mA/cm 2 current density. 1.73 s atorvastatin (61.6) Target Pharmaceutical • Longer contact times and sertraline (75.3) Electrochem. higher current densities oxidation: increase the efficiency. carbamazepine (422.9) contact time 0.58 s bisoprolol (405.7) metoprolol (100.7) Biological WWTP: retention *ciprofloxacin (2054.9) time: 1 day 0,0 20,0 40,0 60,0 80,0 100,0 Reduction of concentration (%) *Average inflow concentrations in mixed sewage during sampling in ng/L LIFE13 ENV/SI/000466 http://lifepharmdegrade.arhel.si Life-25.eu
Coordinator Results (II) Partner Benefits to the environment: Prediction of removal potential of pharmaceuticals (PHs) for a big scale plant: • 7 PHs WWTP • 10 kg/year Predicting Expected mass Pilot plant followed 15,500 PE PHs removed 80% load of 7 PHs: removal • total conc. • Equivalent of (329 m 3 /h 12.3 kg/year efficiency 4.3 µg/l 500,746 pills dry flow) There are several 100 micropollutants in water!! LIFE13 ENV/SI/000466 http://lifepharmdegrade.arhel.si Life-25.eu
Coordinator Results (III) Partner Economic viability: • Pilot-scale project with 1.5 – 3 m 3 /day water treatment capacity • Cost estimations show comparable cost-class with activated carbon and ozonation process • Larger-scale demonstration planned! Evaluation of operational costs of anode oxidation system, using BDD electrodes in electrolytic cells as a 4th stage of municipal WWTP, following the goal of removing 80 % of target pharmaceuticals. System size: water flow (m 3 /h) 1 7 20 200 417 1050 3100 System size in population equivalents *represents a hospital with approx. 250 beds PE 100 1000* 2.000 20.000 41.700 100.000 300.000 m 3 Annual quantity of treated water 8.760 61.320 175.200 1.752.000 3.652.920 9.198.000 27.156.000 Costs with a goal to achieve average 80% efficiency (10 years amortisation) Electrolytic cell with BDD electrodes €/m 3 1,87 0,51 0,42 0,20 0,18 0,17 0,16 O3 + sand filter 0,22 0,18 0,16 Particulate activated carbon + sand filter 0,26 0,20 0,18 Granulated activated carbon + sand filter 0,29 0,27 0,26 LIFE13 ENV/SI/000466 http://lifepharmdegrade.arhel.si Life-25.eu
Project co-workers Arhel d.o.o.: Thank you for your attention! Marko Gerl, Gorazd Lakovič, Tinkara Rozina, Jošt Grum, Mario Marinović, dr. Luka Teslić , Lovro Pokorn, dr. Neža Finžgar, dr. Maša Čater, dr. Andrej Meglič, Rihard Murn, Andrey Yakuntsov, Branko Hamiti, dr. Maja Zupančič Justin Contact : dr. Maja Zupančič Justin Faculty of Pharmacy : Arhel d.o.o., Pustovrhova 15 Doc. dr. Jurij Trontelj, Anita Klančar , izr. Prof.dr. Robret 1210 Ljubljana - Šentvid , Slovenia EU Roškar , prof. dr. Albin Kristl. E-mail: info@arhel.si marko.gerl@arhel.si Field tests and pilot plant construction enabled : maja.justin@arhel.si Občina Kranj, Komunala Kranj, Klinika Golnik, Nursery homes in Slovenia Project Cofinancers: Life-25.eu
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