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Status of gravity Introducing braneworlds Lifeontheedge: Braneworld cosmology observationalsignatures Braneworld black holes of braneworldmodels Summary SanjeevS.Seahra DepartmentofMathematics&Statistics

  1. Testing general relativity GR�has�many�other Status of gravity testable�predictions ● Quick history of gravitation ● Testing general relativity ● Shortcomings of GR ● Small scale gravity Introducing braneworlds Braneworld cosmology Braneworld black holes Summary PSR�1913+16 e.g.:�binary�pulsars�emit gravitational�waves�(GWs) Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 4/23

  2. Testing general relativity GR�has�many�other Status of gravity testable�predictions ● Quick history of gravitation ● Testing general relativity ● Shortcomings of GR ● Small scale gravity Introducing braneworlds Braneworld cosmology Braneworld black holes Summary GWs�(wavelike�fluctuations in�geometry�of spacetime) PSR�1913+16 e.g.:�binary�pulsars�emit gravitational�waves�(GWs) Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 4/23

  3. Testing general relativity (same�effect�as�in�Maxwell’s GR�has�many�other theory:�accelerating�charges Status of gravity testable�predictions ● Quick history of gravitation produce�EM�radiation) ● Testing general relativity ● Shortcomings of GR ● Small scale gravity Introducing braneworlds Braneworld cosmology Braneworld black holes Summary GWs�(wavelike�fluctuations in�geometry�of spacetime) PSR�1913+16 e.g.:�binary�pulsars�emit gravitational�waves�(GWs) Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 4/23

  4. Testing general relativity (same�effect�as�in�Maxwell’s GR�has�many�other theory:�accelerating�charges Status of gravity testable�predictions ● Quick history of gravitation produce�EM�radiation) ● Testing general relativity ● Shortcomings of GR ● Small scale gravity Introducing braneworlds GWs�take�energy�out�of Braneworld cosmology the�system�and�cause Braneworld black holes stars�to�spiral�together Summary GWs PSR�1913+16 e.g.:�binary�pulsars�emit gravitational�waves�(GWs) Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 4/23

  5. Testing general relativity (same�effect�as�in�Maxwell’s GR�has�many�other theory:�accelerating�charges Status of gravity testable�predictions ● Quick history of gravitation produce�EM�radiation) ● Testing general relativity ● Shortcomings of GR ● Small scale gravity Introducing braneworlds GWs�take�energy�out�of Braneworld cosmology the�system�and�cause Braneworld black holes stars�to�spiral�together Summary GWs PSR�1913+16 e.g.:�binary�pulsars�emit gravitational�waves�(GWs) Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 4/23

  6. Testing general relativity GR�has�many�other Status of gravity testable�predictions ● Quick history of gravitation ● Testing general relativity ● Shortcomings of GR ● Small scale gravity Introducing braneworlds Braneworld cosmology Braneworld black holes Summary can�also�test�GR�in�the�lab�by measuring�gravitational attraction�directly Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 4/23

  7. Testing general relativity GR�has�many�other Status of gravity testable�predictions ● Quick history of gravitation ● Testing general relativity ● Shortcomings of GR ● Small scale gravity Introducing braneworlds Braneworld cosmology Braneworld black holes Summary can�also�test�GR�in�the�lab�by measuring�gravitational attraction�directly Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 4/23

  8. Shortcomings of GR e.g.:�galactic�rotation however,�GR�doesn’t Status of gravity curves ● Quick history of gravitation explain�everything... ● Testing general relativity ● Shortcomings of GR ● Small scale gravity Introducing braneworlds Braneworld cosmology Braneworld black holes Summary Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 5/23

  9. Shortcomings of GR e.g.:�galactic�rotation however,�GR�doesn’t Status of gravity curves ● Quick history of gravitation explain�everything... ● Testing general relativity ● Shortcomings of GR ● Small scale gravity Introducing braneworlds Braneworld cosmology star Braneworld black holes Summary galaxy Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 5/23

  10. Shortcomings of GR e.g.:�galactic�rotation however,�GR�doesn’t Status of gravity curves ● Quick history of gravitation explain�everything... ● Testing general relativity ● Shortcomings of GR ● Small scale gravity velocity Introducing braneworlds observed Braneworld cosmology star Braneworld black holes Summary GR�prediction distance�from�center galaxy Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 5/23

  11. Shortcomings of GR e.g.:�galactic�rotation however,�GR�doesn’t Status of gravity curves ● Quick history of gravitation explain�everything... ● Testing general relativity ● Shortcomings of GR ● Small scale gravity velocity Introducing braneworlds observed Braneworld cosmology star Braneworld black holes Summary GR�prediction distance�from�center galaxy discrepancy�usually explained�by�the�existence of “dark�matter”�haloes Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 5/23

  12. Shortcomings of GR one�of the�key�predictions however,�GR�doesn’t Status of gravity of GR�is�the�expansion�of ● Quick history of gravitation explain�everything... ● Testing general relativity the�universe... ● Shortcomings of GR ● Small scale gravity Introducing braneworlds Braneworld cosmology Braneworld black holes Summary Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 5/23

  13. Shortcomings of GR one�of the�key�predictions however,�GR�doesn’t Status of gravity of GR�is�the�expansion�of ● Quick history of gravitation explain�everything... ● Testing general relativity the�universe... ● Shortcomings of GR ● Small scale gravity Introducing braneworlds Braneworld cosmology size�of universe Braneworld black holes Summary GR time Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 5/23

  14. Shortcomings of GR one�of the�key�predictions however,�GR�doesn’t Status of gravity of GR�is�the�expansion�of ● Quick history of gravitation explain�everything... ● Testing general relativity the�universe... ● Shortcomings of GR ● Small scale gravity Introducing braneworlds Braneworld cosmology size�of universe Braneworld black holes Summary GR in�GR,�gravity�is�an attractive�force:�so expansion�should time decelerate Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 5/23

  15. Shortcomings of GR one�of the�key�predictions however,�GR�doesn’t Status of gravity of GR�is�the�expansion�of ● Quick history of gravitation explain�everything... ● Testing general relativity the�universe... ● Shortcomings of GR ● Small scale gravity Introducing braneworlds observations Braneworld cosmology size�of universe Braneworld black holes Summary GR in�reality,�the expansion�is in�GR,�gravity�is�an accelerating! attractive�force:�so expansion�should time decelerate Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 5/23

  16. Shortcomings of GR one�of the�key�predictions however,�GR�doesn’t Status of gravity of GR�is�the�expansion�of ● Quick history of gravitation explain�everything... ● Testing general relativity the�universe... ● Shortcomings of GR ● Small scale gravity Introducing braneworlds discrepancy observations Braneworld cosmology usually�explained size�of universe Braneworld black holes by�existence�of Summary exotic�“dark GR energy” in�reality,�the expansion�is in�GR,�gravity�is�an accelerating! attractive�force:�so expansion�should time decelerate Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 5/23

  17. Shortcomings of GR different�effects�probe however,�GR�doesn’t Status of gravity ● Quick history of gravitation gravity�at�different�scales explain�everything... ● Testing general relativity ● Shortcomings of GR solar�system/ binary�pulsar galactic�rot’n ● Small scale gravity accelerated expansion laboratory curves Introducing braneworlds tests Braneworld cosmology Braneworld black holes scale Summary Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 5/23

  18. Shortcomings of GR different�effects�probe however,�GR�doesn’t Status of gravity ● Quick history of gravitation gravity�at�different�scales explain�everything... ● Testing general relativity ● Shortcomings of GR solar�system/ binary�pulsar galactic�rot’n ● Small scale gravity accelerated expansion laboratory curves Introducing braneworlds tests Braneworld cosmology Braneworld black holes scale Summary GR�works�well Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 5/23

  19. Shortcomings of GR different�effects�probe however,�GR�doesn’t Status of gravity ● Quick history of gravitation gravity�at�different�scales explain�everything... ● Testing general relativity ● Shortcomings of GR solar�system/ binary�pulsar galactic�rot’n ● Small scale gravity accelerated expansion laboratory curves Introducing braneworlds tests Braneworld cosmology Braneworld black holes scale Summary no�data�either GR�works�well way Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 5/23

  20. Shortcomings of GR different�effects�probe however,�GR�doesn’t Status of gravity ● Quick history of gravitation gravity�at�different�scales explain�everything... ● Testing general relativity ● Shortcomings of GR solar�system/ binary�pulsar galactic�rot’n ● Small scale gravity accelerated expansion laboratory curves Introducing braneworlds tests Braneworld cosmology Braneworld black holes scale Summary no�data�either GR�works�well GR�needs�help way from�the�dark�side Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 5/23

  21. Shortcomings of GR different�effects�probe however,�GR�doesn’t Status of gravity ● Quick history of gravitation gravity�at�different�scales explain�everything... ● Testing general relativity ● Shortcomings of GR solar�system/ binary�pulsar galactic�rot’n ● Small scale gravity accelerated expansion laboratory curves Introducing braneworlds tests Braneworld cosmology Braneworld black holes scale Summary no�data�either GR�works�well GR�needs�help way from�the�dark�side ...or�GR�is�not�the correct�theory�of gravity�on�large scales Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 5/23

  22. Shortcomings of GR different�effects�probe however,�GR�doesn’t Status of gravity ● Quick history of gravitation gravity�at�different�scales explain�everything... ● Testing general relativity ● Shortcomings of GR solar�system/ binary�pulsar galactic�rot’n ● Small scale gravity accelerated expansion laboratory curves Introducing braneworlds tests Braneworld cosmology Braneworld black holes scale Summary no�data�either GR�works�well GR�needs�help way from�the�dark�side ...or�GR�is�not�the is�GR�the�right correct�theory�of theory�on�small gravity�on�large scales? scales Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 5/23

  23. Small scale gravity ■ no direct evidence that GR doesn’t work on small scales Status of gravity ● Quick history of gravitation ● Testing general relativity ● Shortcomings of GR ● Small scale gravity Introducing braneworlds Braneworld cosmology Braneworld black holes Summary Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 6/23

  24. Small scale gravity ■ no direct evidence that GR doesn’t work on small scales Status of gravity ● Quick history of gravitation ■ however, GR alone is a remarkably difficult theory to ● Testing general relativity ● Shortcomings of GR quantize, which implies: ● Small scale gravity Introducing braneworlds Braneworld cosmology Braneworld black holes Summary Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 6/23

  25. Small scale gravity ■ no direct evidence that GR doesn’t work on small scales Status of gravity ● Quick history of gravitation ■ however, GR alone is a remarkably difficult theory to ● Testing general relativity ● Shortcomings of GR quantize, which implies: ● Small scale gravity ◆ conclusion 1: it is possible to quantize GR, just really Introducing braneworlds hard (loop quantum gravity) Braneworld cosmology Braneworld black holes Summary Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 6/23

  26. Small scale gravity ■ no direct evidence that GR doesn’t work on small scales Status of gravity ● Quick history of gravitation ■ however, GR alone is a remarkably difficult theory to ● Testing general relativity ● Shortcomings of GR quantize, which implies: ● Small scale gravity ◆ conclusion 1: it is possible to quantize GR, just really Introducing braneworlds hard (loop quantum gravity) Braneworld cosmology ◆ conclusion 2: GR is an effective theory whose UV Braneworld black holes completion has a sensible quantum description (string Summary theory) Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 6/23

  27. Small scale gravity ■ no direct evidence that GR doesn’t work on small scales Status of gravity ● Quick history of gravitation ■ however, GR alone is a remarkably difficult theory to ● Testing general relativity ● Shortcomings of GR quantize, which implies: ● Small scale gravity ◆ conclusion 1: it is possible to quantize GR, just really Introducing braneworlds hard (loop quantum gravity) Braneworld cosmology ◆ conclusion 2: GR is an effective theory whose UV Braneworld black holes completion has a sensible quantum description (string Summary theory) ◆ conclusion 3: you can’t quantize gravity (let’s all go home) Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 6/23

  28. Small scale gravity ■ no direct evidence that GR doesn’t work on small scales Status of gravity ● Quick history of gravitation ■ however, GR alone is a remarkably difficult theory to ● Testing general relativity ● Shortcomings of GR quantize, which implies: ● Small scale gravity ◆ conclusion 1: it is possible to quantize GR, just really Introducing braneworlds hard (loop quantum gravity) Braneworld cosmology ◆ conclusion 2: GR is an effective theory whose UV Braneworld black holes completion has a sensible quantum description (string Summary theory) ◆ conclusion 3: you can’t quantize gravity (let’s all go home) ■ we pursue option 2 here and consider a phenomenological model inspired by string theory Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 6/23

  29. Small scale gravity ■ no direct evidence that GR doesn’t work on small scales Status of gravity ● Quick history of gravitation ■ however, GR alone is a remarkably difficult theory to ● Testing general relativity ● Shortcomings of GR quantize, which implies: ● Small scale gravity ◆ conclusion 1: it is possible to quantize GR, just really Introducing braneworlds hard (loop quantum gravity) Braneworld cosmology ◆ conclusion 2: GR is an effective theory whose UV Braneworld black holes completion has a sensible quantum description (string Summary theory) ◆ conclusion 3: you can’t quantize gravity (let’s all go home) ■ we pursue option 2 here and consider a phenomenological model inspired by string theory ◆ it gives classical corrections to GR on small scales Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 6/23

  30. Small scale gravity ■ no direct evidence that GR doesn’t work on small scales Status of gravity ● Quick history of gravitation ■ however, GR alone is a remarkably difficult theory to ● Testing general relativity ● Shortcomings of GR quantize, which implies: ● Small scale gravity ◆ conclusion 1: it is possible to quantize GR, just really Introducing braneworlds hard (loop quantum gravity) Braneworld cosmology ◆ conclusion 2: GR is an effective theory whose UV Braneworld black holes completion has a sensible quantum description (string Summary theory) ◆ conclusion 3: you can’t quantize gravity (let’s all go home) ■ we pursue option 2 here and consider a phenomenological model inspired by string theory ◆ it gives classical corrections to GR on small scales ◆ somewhat surprisingly, it can also gives large scale modifications Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 6/23

  31. Status of gravity Introducing braneworlds ● A brief tour of string theory ● Braneworld paradigm ● RS braneworlds ● DGP braneworlds Introducing braneworlds ● Braneworld signatures Braneworld cosmology Braneworld black holes Summary Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 7/23

  32. A brief tour of string theory in�string�theory�the Status of gravity fundamental�objects Introducing braneworlds ● A brief tour of string theory are...�strings ● Braneworld paradigm ● RS braneworlds ● DGP braneworlds ● Braneworld signatures Braneworld cosmology Braneworld black holes Summary a�closed�string Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 8/23

  33. A brief tour of string theory the�modes�of vibration�of in�string�theory�the Status of gravity the�string�are�associated fundamental�objects Introducing braneworlds with�particles�and�fields; ● A brief tour of string theory are...�strings ● Braneworld paradigm including�gravity�and�the ● RS braneworlds ● DGP braneworlds standard�model ● Braneworld signatures Braneworld cosmology Braneworld black holes Summary a�closed�string Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 8/23

  34. A brief tour of string theory the�modes�of vibration�of in�string�theory�the Status of gravity the�string�are�associated fundamental�objects Introducing braneworlds with�particles�and�fields; ● A brief tour of string theory are...�strings ● Braneworld paradigm including�gravity�and�the ● RS braneworlds ● DGP braneworlds standard�model ● Braneworld signatures Braneworld cosmology Braneworld black holes Summary a�closed�string the�quantum�description�of these�vibrations�only makes�sense�if there�are�10�or�11�dimensions Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 8/23

  35. A brief tour of string theory the�modes�of vibration�of in�string�theory�the Status of gravity the�string�are�associated fundamental�objects Introducing braneworlds with�particles�and�fields; ● A brief tour of string theory are...�strings ● Braneworld paradigm including�gravity�and�the ● RS braneworlds ● DGP braneworlds standard�model ● Braneworld signatures why�don’t�we�seen�the Braneworld cosmology Braneworld black holes extra�dimensions? Summary a�closed�string the�quantum�description�of these�vibrations�only makes�sense�if there�are�10�or�11�dimensions Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 8/23

  36. A brief tour of string theory why�don’t�we�seen�the Status of gravity extra�dimensions? Introducing braneworlds ● A brief tour of string theory ● Braneworld paradigm ● RS braneworlds ● DGP braneworlds ● Braneworld signatures Braneworld cosmology Braneworld black holes Summary historically:�appeal�to Klein’s�old�idea�of compactification Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 8/23

  37. A brief tour of string theory things�changed�when�it Status of gravity was�discovered�that�there Introducing braneworlds ● A brief tour of string theory were�also�branes�in�string ● Braneworld paradigm ● RS braneworlds theory ● DGP braneworlds ● Braneworld signatures Braneworld cosmology Braneworld black holes Summary Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 8/23

  38. A brief tour of string theory things�changed�when�it Status of gravity was�discovered�that�there Introducing braneworlds ● A brief tour of string theory were�also�branes�in�string brane:�object ● Braneworld paradigm ● RS braneworlds theory on�which�the�ends�of ● DGP braneworlds ● Braneworld signatures open�strings�reside Braneworld cosmology Braneworld black holes Summary Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 8/23

  39. A brief tour of string theory things�changed�when�it Status of gravity was�discovered�that�there Introducing braneworlds ● A brief tour of string theory were�also�branes�in�string brane:�object ● Braneworld paradigm ● RS braneworlds theory on�which�the�ends�of ● DGP braneworlds ● Braneworld signatures open�strings�reside Braneworld cosmology closed�strings: Braneworld black holes carry�gravitational�DOFs Summary open�strings:�carry�standard model�degrees�of freedom Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 8/23

  40. A brief tour of string theory a�natural�picture�emerges�where ordinary�matter�is�confined�to�a�brane Status of gravity while�gravity�propagates�in�the�bulk Introducing braneworlds ● A brief tour of string theory ● Braneworld paradigm ● RS braneworlds ● DGP braneworlds ● Braneworld signatures Braneworld cosmology closed�strings: Braneworld black holes carry�gravitational�DOFs Summary open�strings:�carry�standard model�degrees�of freedom Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 8/23

  41. A brief tour of string theory a�natural�picture�emerges�where ordinary�matter�is�confined�to�a�brane Status of gravity while�gravity�propagates�in�the�bulk Introducing braneworlds ● A brief tour of string theory ● Braneworld paradigm ● RS braneworlds braneworld�idea: ● DGP braneworlds ● Braneworld signatures identify�our�universe Braneworld cosmology with�a�4D�brane closed�strings: Braneworld black holes carry�gravitational�DOFs Summary open�strings:�carry�standard model�degrees�of freedom Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 8/23

  42. Braneworld paradigm ■ don’t need compactification because non-gravitational Status of gravity physics naturally confined to the 4D brane Introducing braneworlds ● A brief tour of string theory ● Braneworld paradigm ● RS braneworlds ● DGP braneworlds ● Braneworld signatures Braneworld cosmology Braneworld black holes Summary Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 9/23

  43. Braneworld paradigm ■ don’t need compactification because non-gravitational Status of gravity physics naturally confined to the 4D brane Introducing braneworlds ● A brief tour of string theory ■ gravity lives in higher dimensions ● Braneworld paradigm ● RS braneworlds ● DGP braneworlds ● Braneworld signatures Braneworld cosmology Braneworld black holes Summary Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 9/23

  44. Braneworld paradigm ■ don’t need compactification because non-gravitational Status of gravity physics naturally confined to the 4D brane Introducing braneworlds ● A brief tour of string theory ■ gravity lives in higher dimensions ● Braneworld paradigm ● RS braneworlds ⇒ there may be deviations from GR ● DGP braneworlds ● Braneworld signatures Braneworld cosmology Braneworld black holes Summary Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 9/23

  45. Braneworld paradigm ■ don’t need compactification because non-gravitational Status of gravity physics naturally confined to the 4D brane Introducing braneworlds ● A brief tour of string theory ■ gravity lives in higher dimensions ● Braneworld paradigm ● RS braneworlds ⇒ there may be deviations from GR ● DGP braneworlds ● Braneworld signatures ■ ideally, we want a 4D brane embedded in 11D space Braneworld cosmology Braneworld black holes Summary Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 9/23

  46. Braneworld paradigm ■ don’t need compactification because non-gravitational Status of gravity physics naturally confined to the 4D brane Introducing braneworlds ● A brief tour of string theory ■ gravity lives in higher dimensions ● Braneworld paradigm ● RS braneworlds ⇒ there may be deviations from GR ● DGP braneworlds ● Braneworld signatures ■ ideally, we want a 4D brane embedded in 11D space Braneworld cosmology ◆ this is too hard to realize in practice Braneworld black holes Summary Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 9/23

  47. Braneworld paradigm ■ don’t need compactification because non-gravitational Status of gravity physics naturally confined to the 4D brane Introducing braneworlds ● A brief tour of string theory ■ gravity lives in higher dimensions ● Braneworld paradigm ● RS braneworlds ⇒ there may be deviations from GR ● DGP braneworlds ● Braneworld signatures ■ ideally, we want a 4D brane embedded in 11D space Braneworld cosmology ◆ this is too hard to realize in practice Braneworld black holes ■ phenomenological braneworld models assume 4D brane Summary embedded in 5D bulk Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 9/23

  48. Braneworld paradigm ■ don’t need compactification because non-gravitational Status of gravity physics naturally confined to the 4D brane Introducing braneworlds ● A brief tour of string theory ■ gravity lives in higher dimensions ● Braneworld paradigm ● RS braneworlds ⇒ there may be deviations from GR ● DGP braneworlds ● Braneworld signatures ■ ideally, we want a 4D brane embedded in 11D space Braneworld cosmology ◆ this is too hard to realize in practice Braneworld black holes ■ phenomenological braneworld models assume 4D brane Summary embedded in 5D bulk ■ such models allow us to quantitatively calculate corrections to GR Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 9/23

  49. Braneworld paradigm ■ don’t need compactification because non-gravitational Status of gravity physics naturally confined to the 4D brane Introducing braneworlds ● A brief tour of string theory ■ gravity lives in higher dimensions ● Braneworld paradigm ● RS braneworlds ⇒ there may be deviations from GR ● DGP braneworlds ● Braneworld signatures ■ ideally, we want a 4D brane embedded in 11D space Braneworld cosmology ◆ this is too hard to realize in practice Braneworld black holes ■ phenomenological braneworld models assume 4D brane Summary embedded in 5D bulk ■ such models allow us to quantitatively calculate corrections to GR ■ there are two principal types of model: Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 9/23

  50. Braneworld paradigm ■ don’t need compactification because non-gravitational Status of gravity physics naturally confined to the 4D brane Introducing braneworlds ● A brief tour of string theory ■ gravity lives in higher dimensions ● Braneworld paradigm ● RS braneworlds ⇒ there may be deviations from GR ● DGP braneworlds ● Braneworld signatures ■ ideally, we want a 4D brane embedded in 11D space Braneworld cosmology ◆ this is too hard to realize in practice Braneworld black holes ■ phenomenological braneworld models assume 4D brane Summary embedded in 5D bulk ■ such models allow us to quantitatively calculate corrections to GR ■ there are two principal types of model: ◆ Randall-Sundrum (RS) model (1999) Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 9/23

  51. Braneworld paradigm ■ don’t need compactification because non-gravitational Status of gravity physics naturally confined to the 4D brane Introducing braneworlds ● A brief tour of string theory ■ gravity lives in higher dimensions ● Braneworld paradigm ● RS braneworlds ⇒ there may be deviations from GR ● DGP braneworlds ● Braneworld signatures ■ ideally, we want a 4D brane embedded in 11D space Braneworld cosmology ◆ this is too hard to realize in practice Braneworld black holes ■ phenomenological braneworld models assume 4D brane Summary embedded in 5D bulk ■ such models allow us to quantitatively calculate corrections to GR ■ there are two principal types of model: ◆ Randall-Sundrum (RS) model (1999) ◆ Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati (DGP) model (2000) Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 9/23

  52. Randall-Sundrum braneworlds Status of gravity Introducing braneworlds ● A brief tour of string theory ● Braneworld paradigm ● RS braneworlds ● DGP braneworlds ● Braneworld signatures Braneworld cosmology Braneworld black holes Summary Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 10/23

  53. Randall-Sundrum braneworlds Status of gravity Introducing braneworlds ● A brief tour of string theory ● Braneworld paradigm ● RS braneworlds ● DGP braneworlds ● Braneworld signatures Braneworld cosmology Braneworld black holes Summary Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 10/23

  54. Randall-Sundrum braneworlds Status of gravity Introducing braneworlds ● A brief tour of string theory ● Braneworld paradigm ● RS braneworlds ● DGP braneworlds ● Braneworld signatures Braneworld cosmology Braneworld black holes Summary Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 10/23

  55. Randall-Sundrum braneworlds Status of gravity Introducing braneworlds ● A brief tour of string theory ● Braneworld paradigm ● RS braneworlds ● DGP braneworlds ● Braneworld signatures Braneworld cosmology Braneworld black holes Summary Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 10/23

  56. Randall-Sundrum braneworlds Status of gravity Introducing braneworlds ● A brief tour of string theory ● Braneworld paradigm ● RS braneworlds ● DGP braneworlds ● Braneworld signatures Braneworld cosmology Braneworld black holes Summary Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 10/23

  57. Randall-Sundrum braneworlds Status of gravity Introducing braneworlds ● A brief tour of string theory ● Braneworld paradigm ● RS braneworlds ● DGP braneworlds ● Braneworld signatures Braneworld cosmology Braneworld black holes Summary Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 10/23

  58. Randall-Sundrum braneworlds Status of gravity Introducing braneworlds ● A brief tour of string theory ● Braneworld paradigm ● RS braneworlds ● DGP braneworlds ● Braneworld signatures Braneworld cosmology Braneworld black holes Summary Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 10/23

  59. DGP braneworlds Status of gravity Introducing braneworlds ● A brief tour of string theory ● Braneworld paradigm ● RS braneworlds ● DGP braneworlds ● Braneworld signatures Braneworld cosmology Braneworld black holes Summary Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 11/23

  60. DGP braneworlds Status of gravity Introducing braneworlds ● A brief tour of string theory ● Braneworld paradigm ● RS braneworlds ● DGP braneworlds ● Braneworld signatures Braneworld cosmology Braneworld black holes Summary Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 11/23

  61. DGP braneworlds Status of gravity Introducing braneworlds ● A brief tour of string theory ● Braneworld paradigm ● RS braneworlds ● DGP braneworlds ● Braneworld signatures Braneworld cosmology Braneworld black holes Summary Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 11/23

  62. DGP braneworlds Status of gravity Introducing braneworlds ● A brief tour of string theory ● Braneworld paradigm ● RS braneworlds ● DGP braneworlds ● Braneworld signatures Braneworld cosmology Braneworld black holes Summary Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 11/23

  63. DGP braneworlds Status of gravity Introducing braneworlds ● A brief tour of string theory ● Braneworld paradigm ● RS braneworlds ● DGP braneworlds ● Braneworld signatures Braneworld cosmology Braneworld black holes Summary Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 11/23

  64. DGP braneworlds Status of gravity Introducing braneworlds ● A brief tour of string theory ● Braneworld paradigm ● RS braneworlds ● DGP braneworlds ● Braneworld signatures Braneworld cosmology Braneworld black holes Summary Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 11/23

  65. Braneworld observational signatures Status of gravity Introducing braneworlds ● A brief tour of string theory ● Braneworld paradigm ● RS braneworlds ● DGP braneworlds ● Braneworld signatures Braneworld cosmology Braneworld black holes Summary solar�system/ galactic�rot’n binary�pulsar accelerated expansion laboratory curves tests scale no�data GR�works�well GR�needs�help Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 12/23

  66. Braneworld observational signatures Status of gravity Introducing braneworlds ● A brief tour of string theory ● Braneworld paradigm RS�model DGP�model ● RS braneworlds ● DGP braneworlds modifies�GR modifies�GR ● Braneworld signatures Braneworld cosmology Braneworld black holes Summary solar�system/ galactic�rot’n binary�pulsar accelerated expansion laboratory curves tests scale no�data GR�works�well GR�needs�help Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 12/23

  67. Braneworld observational signatures Status of gravity Introducing braneworlds ● A brief tour of string theory ● Braneworld paradigm RS�model where�to�look�for DGP�model ● RS braneworlds ● DGP braneworlds modifies�GR modifies�GR observational ● Braneworld signatures signatures? Braneworld cosmology Braneworld black holes Summary solar�system/ galactic�rot’n binary�pulsar accelerated expansion laboratory curves tests scale no�data GR�works�well GR�needs�help Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 12/23

  68. Braneworld observational signatures short�wavelength�GWs observations�of or�early�universe nearby�cosmology Status of gravity Introducing braneworlds ● A brief tour of string theory ● Braneworld paradigm RS�model where�to�look�for DGP�model ● RS braneworlds ● DGP braneworlds modifies�GR modifies�GR observational ● Braneworld signatures signatures? Braneworld cosmology Braneworld black holes Summary solar�system/ galactic�rot’n binary�pulsar accelerated expansion laboratory curves tests scale no�data GR�works�well GR�needs�help Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 12/23

  69. Status of gravity Introducing braneworlds Braneworld cosmology ● Cosmological probes ● Modified expansion Braneworld cosmology ● Modified perturbations Braneworld black holes Summary Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 13/23

  70. Cosmological probes we�observe�the�universe�in�a�number�of different�ways: Status of gravity cosmic�microwave Introducing braneworlds background�(CMB) Braneworld cosmology ● Cosmological probes ● Modified expansion ● Modified perturbations Braneworld black holes Summary large�scale supernovae Planck WMAP structure�(LSS) type�Ia�(SNeIa) HST�+�ground telesopes SDSS Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 14/23

  71. Cosmological probes we�observe�the�universe�in�a�number�of different�ways: Status of gravity SNeIa’s�provide�a�direct Introducing braneworlds measure�of the�expansion Braneworld cosmology ● Cosmological probes ● Modified expansion rate�of the�universe ● Modified perturbations Braneworld black holes observations Summary supernovae size�of universe type�Ia�(SNeIa) GR HST�+�ground time telesopes Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 14/23

  72. Cosmological probes we�observe�the�universe�in�a�number�of different�ways: Status of gravity cosmic�microwave Introducing braneworlds background�(CMB) Braneworld cosmology ● Cosmological probes ● Modified expansion ● Modified perturbations Braneworld black holes Summary Planck WMAP CMB�experiments directly�measure thermal�relics�of the early�universe all�sky�map�of temperature�fluctuations in�cosmic�blackbody�radiation Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 14/23

  73. Cosmological probes we�observe�the�universe�in�a�number�of different�ways: Status of gravity Introducing braneworlds Braneworld cosmology ● Cosmological probes ● Modified expansion ● Modified perturbations Braneworld black holes Summary large�scale structure�(LSS) probes�of LSS�measure the�distribution�of nearby�galaxies SDSS Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 14/23

  74. Cosmological probes we�observe�the�universe�in�a�number�of different�ways: Status of gravity Introducing braneworlds homogeneous supernovae Braneworld cosmology (late�time) expansion type�Ia�(SNeIa) ● Cosmological probes ● Modified expansion ● Modified perturbations Braneworld black holes cosmic�microwave (early�time) Summary background�(CMB) dynamics�of fluctuatations large�scale (late�time) structure�(LSS) Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 14/23

  75. Cosmological probes we�observe�the�universe�in�a�number�of different�ways: Status of gravity Introducing braneworlds homogeneous supernovae Braneworld cosmology (late�time) expansion type�Ia�(SNeIa) ● Cosmological probes ● Modified expansion ● Modified perturbations Braneworld black holes cosmic�microwave (early�time) Summary background�(CMB) dynamics�of fluctuatations large�scale (late�time) structure�(LSS) braneworld�models�alter�the�GR predictions�for�both�the�background expansion�and�growth�of perturbations Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 14/23

  76. Modifications to the expansion Status of gravity Introducing braneworlds Braneworld cosmology ● Cosmological probes in�braneworld ● Modified expansion ● Modified perturbations cosmology,�the Braneworld black holes brane�moves�in�the Summary extra�dimension extra dimension Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 15/23

  77. Modifications to the expansion brane�motion�=�cosmological�expansion Status of gravity Introducing braneworlds Braneworld cosmology ● Cosmological probes in�braneworld ● Modified expansion ● Modified perturbations cosmology,�the Braneworld black holes brane�moves�in�the Summary extra�dimension as�the�brane�moves, its�size�changes extra dimension Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 15/23

  78. Modifications to the expansion brane�motion�=�cosmological�expansion Status of gravity Introducing braneworlds Braneworld cosmology ● Cosmological probes in�braneworld ● Modified expansion ● Modified perturbations cosmology,�the Braneworld black holes brane�moves�in�the Summary extra�dimension as�the�brane�moves, its�size�changes extra “if the�universe�is dimension expanding,�what�is�it expanding�into?” Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 15/23

  79. Modifications to the expansion brane�motion�=�cosmological�expansion Status of gravity Introducing braneworlds Braneworld cosmology ● Cosmological probes ● Modified expansion ● Modified perturbations Braneworld black holes Summary extra dimension Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 15/23

  80. Modifications to the expansion brane�motion�=�cosmological�expansion Status of gravity Introducing braneworlds Braneworld cosmology ● Cosmological probes ● Modified expansion ● Modified perturbations Braneworld black holes Summary extra dimension Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 15/23

  81. Modifications to the expansion Status of gravity Introducing braneworlds Braneworld cosmology ● Cosmological probes size�of universe ● Modified expansion ● Modified perturbations Braneworld black holes GR Summary time Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 15/23

  82. Modifications to the expansion Status of gravity Introducing braneworlds Braneworld cosmology ● Cosmological probes size�of universe ● Modified expansion ● Modified perturbations Braneworld black holes GR Summary RS time Sanjeev S. Seahra; 25 January, 2008 Observational signatures of braneworlds - p. 15/23

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