Life Cycle Assessment of Renewable Diesel using Catalytic Pyrolysis - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Life Cycle Assessment of Renewable Diesel using Catalytic Pyrolysis and Upgrading Sabrina Spatari V. Larnaudie, I. Mannoh, M.C. Wheeler, C.A. Mullen, A.A., Boateng 1

Policy Context: • Low carbon and renewable fuel policies have developed around the world • LCFS (California, North-east states, Canada), RFS (US), Europe (EC) • Reduce GHGs relative to baseline gasoline ~93 gCO 2 e/MJ • Life cycle assessment (LCA)-based policy • Some call for a policy on low C materials (e.g., polymers) • Biofuels and policy context for decarbonizing transportation energy supply • Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) • Incentives to develop “drop-in fuels” • Incentives to develop lignocellulosic energy products that avoid major sustainability risks: Better biofuels 2

Rural Distributed On-Farm Concepts Distributed 10-25 Mile Pyrolysis radius w/ a feeding into cluster of centralized villages of processes 1000 people Electricity production most attractive 200 MTPD Scale 402,025 Barrels/Yr py-oil • Rural Electricity Shortage 714,486 MBTU/Yr • Demand outweighs 1.5-2.5MWe supply • 40 MTPD Biochar Supply is unreliable 8/22/2013 Boateng 3 • Over 50% don’t have access to the grid

Fuels and Chemicals from Animal Waste 4 Sorunmu et al. 2017, ACS Sus Chem & Eng DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b01609

Fast Pyrolysis of Forest Residues-to-Renewable Diesel Life cycle model development: • Aspen Plus, Simapro and GIS modeling: – Feedstock production, collection, transport – Material/energy balance basis (feedstock conversion); • Integration with experimental research: – Pyrolysis bio-oil blendstock development • In-situ catalytic pyrolysis products • Ex-situ catalytic pyrolysis products – Combustion experiments for • Non-catalytic pyrolysis products • Catalytic pyrolysis products 5 5

LCA Framework: In-situ Electricity Electricity Water Hydrogen Renewable Diesel Pretreatment Forest Catalytic - Drying Hydrotreating Hydrocracking Biomas Pyrolysis Bio-Char - Grinding s Recycled Non-Condensable Gases Bio-Char: Ex-situ 1) Coal co-firing Electricity 2) Lan application Electricity Water Hydrogen Renewable Pretreatment Diesel Forest - Drying Pyrolysis Hydrotreating Hydrocracking Biomas Bio-Char - Grinding s Carrasco et al. 2013 Recycled Non-Condensable Gases doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2016.12.063 Transport

Catalytic Pyrolysis and Upgrading: Carrasco et al. 2013, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2016.12.063

Advanced Bio-oil Markets Fuel combustion Fuel cycle Feedstock Liquid Fuel Vehicle Production Conversion Operation - - Electricity - Harvesting equipment Renewable diesel - Feedstock provides thermal - and energy Value-added chemicals - - Transportation steps energy Bio-char (co-product) Technologies: Transportation fuel/lubricant Feedstocks: - Fast Pyrolysis or Catalytic market: - Woody biomass pyrolysis - Substitute for gasoline, diesel, (Forest residues) - Hydrotreating petrochemical (e.g., bio- - Hydrocracking lubricants) - Co-products may substitute for coal or be land applied (sequestration) 8

Forest Residue Field Operations – Maine Woods • Feller-Buncher – Fells trees and piles • Grapple Skidder – Transports piles to Roadside and Chipper • Chipper – Chips biomass • Transport *Not accounting for forest C stocks

Life Cycle GHG Emissions Low product yield: 116 versus 200 L/MT Comparable production cost: $1.70/L 10

Review of Environmental Performance Sorunmu et al., In Prep 11

Economics (MSP) – Literature Review Average Cost of catalytic pyrolysis 12

A v e r a g e M F S P w ith S o c ia l C o s t o f C a r b o n ( $ /L ) Effect of SCC on Economic Performance Average Cost of catalytic pyrolysis SCC = $35/MT CO 2 2,40 2,20 2,00 Diesel 1,80 Gasoline 1,60 1,40 1,20 1,00 0,80 0,60 0,40 0,20 0,00 13 Sorunmu et al., In Prep

Findings • Low fuels yields for catalytic pyrolysis versus fast pyrolysis (116 versus 196 L/dry MT) • High fraction of biochar, very negative GHG emissions • Daily catalyst regeneration a signifjcant process input and source of GWP • Economics of both processes only favorable with valuation of carbon 14

Thank you! • Research supported by; USDA-NIFA-BRDI: 2012-10008-20271 15

Stable pyrolysis oils can serve as densification Stable pyrolysis oils can serve as densification hubs for biorefineries hubs for biorefineries  EDOX (300MTPD) and HDO (2000MTPD) locations  Forest residue available within <20mi radius of EDOx facility proposed locations  EDOx locations near petroleum refineries (red dot) show opportunity for improving intermediate product transport/logistics in relation to final upgrading Sorunmu et al. 2017

Forestry Feedstock: Herbicide Fertilizer (NPK and lime) Farming operations: - Establishment - Maintenance - Harvest (Felling, SOC increase Skidding, Chipping) Electricity Cropland converted (Diesel) into Short Rotation Forest (SRC) Pretreatmen CH 4 Woody Biomass N 2 O t - Drying Natural Gas SOC decrease - Grinding Native forest Farming operations: NGC - Harvest (Felling, Skidding, Chipping) (Diesel) Electricity Water Hydrogen plant Hydrogen Pyrolysis Bio-char Hydrotreating and Hydrocracking Transport Bio-oil

Results: GHG 40 35 Life Cycle GHG emissions (g CO2e/MJ) 30 T otal Automobile in-use (CH4) Net 25 Automobile in-use (N2O4) GHGs Restoration of bio-char to soil Solid manure loading and spreading, by 20 Zhang (2013) hydraulic loader and spreader/CH U corn stover Truck 40t 15 Cooling water pumps Water (river approx) Pyrolysis reactor 10 Front-end loader (Residues) Transportation Chipper-Fuel 5 Grapple-Skidder Feller-Buncher 0 Diesel (Carrasco) Diesel (Hsu) Diesel (Hsu) -5 -10 Purchased 18 Electricity Electricity (on-site)

Life Cycle GHG Emissions 19