Lif ife o on the n the Nu Nu F Frontie ntier Neutrinos - known and unknown Neutrino experiments Long and short baseline experiments Chooz/Double Chooz MINOS T2K No ν a Daya Bay Laura Kormos Future frontiers Lancaster University The Next Big Measurement 1 Birmingham 2010
Neutrino mixing can be described by a mass U 1 U 2 U 3 eigenstates 3 set of linear equations matrix. U e1 U e2 U e3 1 e = U 1 U 2 U 3 c ij = cos θ ij , s ij = sinθ ij 2 c 23 c 13 1 U = − i c 13 0 s 13 e c 12 s 12 0 1 0 0 weak 0 c 23 s 23 − s 12 0 1 0 c 12 0 eigenstates − i 0 − s 23 − s 13 e 0 0 0 Neutrinos - known and unknown Neutrino experiments Parameters describing Long and short baseline experiments favour change Chooz/Double Chooz and matter/antimatter MINOS asymmetry. T2K No ν a Daya Bay/Reno Laura Kormos Future frontiers Lancaster University The Next Big Measurement 2 Birmingham 2010
Neutrino mixing can be described by a mass U 1 U 2 U 3 eigenstates 3 set of linear equations matrix. U e1 U e2 U e3 1 e = U 1 U 2 U 3 c ij = cos θ ij , s ij = sinθ ij 2 atmospheric c 23 c 13 1 U = − i c 13 0 s 13 e c 12 s 12 0 1 0 0 weak 0 c 23 s 23 − s 12 0 1 0 c 12 0 eigenstates − i 0 − s 23 − s 13 e 0 0 0 solar For some combinations of L, E, Δ m ij 2 , mixing between 2 states dominates other mixings. Laura Kormos Lancaster University 3 Birmingham 2010
Neutrino mixing can be described by a mass U 1 U 2 U 3 eigenstates 3 set of linear equations matrix. U e1 U e2 U e3 1 e = U 1 U 2 U 3 c ij = cos θ ij , s ij = sinθ ij 2 atmospheric c 23 c 13 1 U = − i c 13 0 s 13 e c 12 s 12 0 1 0 0 weak 0 c 23 s 23 − s 12 0 1 0 c 12 0 eigenstates − i 0 − s 23 − s 13 e 0 0 0 1 st solar Beyond SM physics! For some combinations of L, E, Δ m ij 2 , mixing between 2 states dominates other mixings. Laura Kormos Lancaster University 3 Birmingham 2010
Neutrinos - known and unknown We don't know: ~ 0.7 3 − i e 0.8 0.5 s 13 e 1 (1) Value of θ 13 . 0.4 0.6 0.7 2 (2) Sign of the mass ordering. 0.4 0.6 (3) Deviation of θ 23 from maximal. (4) Value of δ . (5) Number of ν types. We know: (6) Majorana or Dirac? (7) Absolute ν masses. ● ν 's have mass. ● ν 's change favour. ● Flavour change is consistent with oscillation. ● θ 12 ~ 35 o . ● θ 23 ~ 37-53 o . ● θ 13 < 12 o . ● Δ m 2 23 , Δ m 2 12 . Laura Kormos Lancaster University 4 Birmingham 2010
Neutrinos - known and unknown We don't know: Measure ~ 0.7 3 me! − i e 0.8 0.5 s 13 e 1 (1) Value of θ 13 . 0.4 0.6 0.7 2 (2) Sign of the mass ordering. 0.4 0.6 (3) Deviation of θ 23 from maximal. (4) Value of δ . (5) Number of ν types. We know: (6) Majorana or Dirac? (7) Absolute ν masses. ● ν 's have mass. ● ν 's change favour. ● Flavour change is consistent with oscillation. ● θ 12 ~ 35 o . ● θ 23 ~ 37-53 o . ● θ 13 < 12 o . ● Δ m 2 23 , Δ m 2 12 . Laura Kormos Lancaster University 4 Birmingham 2010
Neutrinos - known and unknown We don't know: Measure ~ 0.7 3 me! − i e 0.8 0.5 s 13 e 1 Long- (1) Value of θ 13 . and 0.4 0.6 0.7 2 (2) Sign of the mass ordering. short- 0.4 0.6 (3) Deviation of θ 23 from maximal. baseline (4) Value of δ . MiniBooNE expts (5) Number of ν types. We know: (6) Majorana or Dirac? 0 νββ (7) Absolute ν masses. expts ● ν 's have mass. Tritium ● ν 's change favour. decay ● Flavour change is expts consistent with oscillation. ● θ 12 ~ 35 o . ● θ 23 ~ 37-53 o . ● θ 13 < 12 o . ● Δ m 2 23 , Δ m 2 12 . Laura Kormos Lancaster University 4 Birmingham 2010
ν are produced by: ● the sun, ● cosmic rays in the atmosphere, ● or we make them ourselves in ● reactors, ● dedicated beams. Neutrinos - known and unknown Neutrino experiments Long and short baseline experiments Chooz/Double Chooz A muon in Super Kamiokande MINOS T2K No ν a Daya Bay Laura Kormos Future frontiers Lancaster University The Next Big Measurement 5 Birmingham 2010
Solar/Atmospheric Short-baseline/ Long-baseline/ reactor accelerator θ 12 / θ 23 θ 12, θ 23, θ 13 θ 23, θ 13 , MSW effects, δ K2K (ended 2005) Chooz (ended 1998) SNO (ended 2006) MINOS Borexino KamLAND MiniBooNE DoubleChooz Super Kamiokande Icarus and Opera Daya Bay T2K Reno No ν a Not an exhaustive list! Laura Kormos Lancaster University 6 Birmingham 2010
Short-baseline/ Long-baseline/ reactor accelerator θ 12, θ 23, θ 13 θ 23, θ 13 , MSW effects, δ K2K (ended 2005) Chooz (ended 1998) MINOS Chooz site, France KamLAND MiniBooNE DoubleChooz Icarus and Opera Daya Bay Neutrinos - known and unknown T2K Reno Neutrino experiments No ν a Long and short baseline experiments Chooz/Double Chooz MINOS T2K No ν a MINOS ν target Daya Bay Laura Kormos Future frontiers Lancaster University 7 The Next Big Measurement Birmingham 2010
Short-baseline/ Long-baseline/ reactor accelerator θ 12, θ 23, θ 13 θ 23, θ 13 , MSW effects, δ K2K (ended 2005) Chooz (ended 1998) MINOS Chooz site, France KamLAND MiniBooNE DoubleChooz Icarus and Opera Daya Bay Neutrinos - known and unknown T2K Reno Neutrino experiments No ν a Long and short baseline experiments Chooz/Double Chooz MINOS T2K No ν a Daya Bay Laura Kormos Future frontiers Lancaster University The Next Big Measurement 7 Birmingham 2010
Chooz: Reactor anti- ν e Looking for anti- ν e disappearance. ● Detected via ν e +p → e + +n ● Baseline: 1.0 and 1.1 km ● Target: 5 ton 0.09% Gd in LS ● Data: Apr '97 - Jul '98 No evidence of disappearance but best limit to date on θ 13 . Laura Kormos Lancaster University 8 Birmingham 2010
Chooz: sin 2 2 θ 13 < 0.10 ( θ < 9.2 o ) Double Chooz Double Chooz ● 2 identical detectors ● Near: 400m; Far: 1.05 km Expected limits: Phase 1 2010 FD 1.5 yrs sin 2 2 θ 13 < 0.08. Phase 2 2012 ND+FD, 3 yrs sin 2 2 θ 13 < 0.03. Laura Kormos Lancaster University 9 Birmingham 2010
DoubleChooz: sin 2 2 θ 13 < 0.03 Double Chooz Predicted sensitivity Double Chooz ● 2 identical detectors ● Near: 400m; Far: 1.05 km Expected limits: Phase 1 2010 FD 1.5 yrs sin 2 2 θ 13 < 0.08. Phase 2 2012 ND+FD, 3 yrs sin 2 2 θ 13 < 0.03. Laura Kormos Lancaster University 9 Birmingham 2010
MINOS: Accelerator ν μ . MINOS Looking for ν e appearance, ν μ disappearance, sterile ν Detect ν e + Fe → e + X (CC) ● NuMI beam from FNAL ● Baseline: 735 km ● Far detector in Soudan Mine ● Near detector at 1 km. Neutrinos - known and unknown Neutrino experiments Long and short baseline experiments Chooz/Double Chooz MINOS T2K No ν a Daya Bay Laura Kormos Future frontiers Lancaster University The Next Big Measurement 10 Birmingham 2010
MINOS detectors Steel/scintillator sampling calorimeters, magnetised ~1.3T Near Detector: 1km downstream of target, ~1kT total mass, shaped as squashed octagon 4.8x3.8x15m 3 , partially instrumented (282 steel, 153 scintillator planes) Far Detector: 735km downstream of target, 5.4kT with 2 supermodules shaped as octagonal prism 8x8x30m 3 , 486 steel, 484 scintillator planes) FAR DETECTOR NEAR DETECTOR Laura Kormos Lancaster University 11 Birmingham 2010
Laura Kormos Lancaster University 12 Birmingham 2010
Laura Kormos Lancaster University 13 Birmingham 2010
MINOS search for active neutrino disappearance Z-decay width → 3 active ν favours. Sterile ν do not interact via weak force. Sterile ν → defcit of NC events in MINOS. f = fraction of disappearing ν μ that could convert to ν s . Laura Kormos Lancaster University 14 Birmingham 2010
MINOS upcoming! Done: 1.5 σ excess reduced to 0.7 σ with new data . April 9th! New ν e result with 2x statistics. 2010 ν μ, , ν μ , sterile ν . Just fnished ν μ run with 1.8 x 10 20 POT. Switching back to ν μ . Plan to run until Oct 2011 Laura Kormos Lancaster University 15 Birmingham 2010
T2K: Accelerator ν μ . SUP Looking for ν e appearance, UPERB RBEAM ν μ disappearance, δ 2 near detectors at 280 m INGRID (on-axis) ND280 (off-axis) Far detector at 295 km SuperKamiokande Neutrinos - known and unknown Neutrino experiments Long and short baseline experiments Chooz/Double Chooz MINOS T2K Neutrino Beam: J-P ARC No ν a Daya Bay Laura Kormos Future frontiers Lancaster University The Next Big Measurement 16 Birmingham 2010
UA1 magnet (recycled) 0.2T field m 2 =3x10 -3 Off axis-beam narrow band, just the we want. Detect ν μ + O,C → μ + X (CC) Laura Kormos Lancaster University 17 Birmingham 2010
m 2 =3x10 -3 Off axis-beam narrow band, just the we want. Laura Kormos Lancaster University 17 Birmingham 2010
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