United we stand, divided we fail. Let’s work together! Professor Adrian Davis 22nd November 2018
Collaboration is? Grey (1985) states that collaboration is: the result of mutual understanding between stake holders of the value of joint work to achieve common goals and overcome problems that may be encountered… “by collaboration we mean: the pooling of appreciations or tangible resources... by two or more stake holders, to solve a set of problems which neither can solve individually.” Grey, B. 1985 Conditions facilitating inter-organisational collaboration, Human Relations , 38, 911- 936.
Collaboration is a challenge “It is only if public health practitioners can influence or deploy the resources of those in other sectors that truly effective activities can be developed. Steensberg, J. 1997. Future directions in policy & research: a public health perspective, in Fletecher, T., McMichael, S. (eds) Health at the crossroads: Transport policy and urban health, Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. “Sectors are often characterised by specialist discourses of knowledge and expertise in seeking their legitimation and maintenance” Dageling, P. 1995. The significance of ‘sectors’ in calls for urban public health intersectoralism: An Australian perspective, Policy and Politics , 289-301
Traffic In Towns: 1963 Ministry of Transport, London often known as ‘The Buchanan Report’ Which health impact cited?
Road transport and health British Medical Association Board of Science and Education , 1997 www.tri-napier.org
Official recognition of wider health impacts The way we travel is making us a less healthy nation Coronary heart disease is the biggest killer of adults in the country. Part of the blame is that we drive too much when we could walk or cycle. DETR, 1998 A New Deal for Transport: Better for Everyone. London: TSO.
The disease-burden from road transport Transport related premature deaths example: direct, indirect & future Road acc Indirect Cancer 60000 CHD/Str 50000 Premature deaths Climate c 40000 Indirect Future 30000 20000 Direct 10000 0 Road acc Cancer CHD/Str Climate c Source: Cycling & Health – What’s the evidence? Cavill, N., Davis, A. 2007
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Road transport & health
Co-benefits “Substantial evidence indicated that designing and creating parks, communities, transportation systems, schools and buildings that make physical activity attractive and convenient is also likely to produce a wide range of additional benefits”. Sallis, J. et al, 2015 Co-benefits of designing communities for active living: an exploration of the literature, Int. J. of Behavioural Nutrition & Physical Activity , 12:30. Page 10 01 October 2010 www.tri-napier.org
PH/medical evidence hierarchy
Policy- makers’ hierarchy of Expert Advice evidence Ideological evidence – including party think tanks and manifestos Evidence from professional associations Opinion based evidence – including lobbyists/pressure groups Media evidence; Internet evidence Research evidence Lay evidence Street evidence: urban myths & conventional wisdom (adapted from Davies 2005 with acknowledged from developments by Hunter, D. 2017, Health in All Policies: Making it Work in Practice Winter School, Durham University)
The bounded reality triad of Pragmatism/Business As government Usual Best Practice Politics/Ideology Scientific Evidence
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Where do you look and without a paywall? Accessible knowledge translation
Yet the knowledge stockpile of what works is significant
www.tri-napier.org
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Proposition: Using most robust available evidence as standard Should not all transport departments have someone trained in evidence reviews... to ensure managers and politicians have the best available evidence?
Researchers need to have impact… they must connect with practitioners… “What is the point of universities that are just castles in the sky? The University people must have contact every single week with their City Hall” Wulf Daseking, former Director of City Planning, Freiburg, 2014
Thank you A.DAVIS@NAPIER.AC.UK HTTPS://BLOGS.NAPIER.AC.UK/TRI/ESSENTIAL -EVIDENCE-SCOTLAND/ WWW.TRAVELWEST.INFO/EVIDENCE WWW.EURO.WHO.INT/TRANSPORT WWW.EURO.WHO.INT/PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY WWW.THEPEP.ORG WWW.ELSEVIER.COM/LOCATE/JTH
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