Leaching Phenomena of Ant ifouling Leaching Phenomena of Ant - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Leaching Phenomena of Ant ifouling Leaching Phenomena of Ant ifouling Agent s from Ships’ ’ Hull Paint s Hull Paint s Agent s from Ships Ryuj i KOJI MA, Osamu MI YATA, Toshiaki SHI BATA, Tet suya SENDA Nat ional Marit ime Research I nst it ut e (NMRI ) Kiyoshi SHI BATA Chiba I nst it ut e of Technology Present ed t o The I nt ernat ional Symposium on Shipbuilding Technology(I SST 2007) Sept ember 6- 7 2007, Osaka Universit y, Japan

Cont ent s 1. I nt roduct ion 1. I nt roduct ion 2. Experiment s Experiment s 2. 3. Result s and Discussion 3. Result s and Discussion 4. Conclusion Conclusion 4.

Det erminat ion t he Release Rat e Requirement by a number of regulat ory t est . Requirement by a number of regulat ory t est . � � American Societ y for Test ing and Mat erials(ASTM) American Societ y for Test ing and Mat erials(ASTM) � � I nt ernat ional St andard Organizat ion (I SO) I nt ernat ional St andard Organizat ion (I SO) � Much different bet ween t he ocean and � Much different bet ween t he ocean and labo labo. t est s . t est s � Depend on many fact ors for release rat e � Depend on many fact ors for release rat e in t he ocea in t he ocean n � Serves only as a guide for charact erizat ion � Serves only as a guide for charact erizat ion A. A. Finnie (2007), J. E. Hunt er (2004) A. A. Finnie (2007), J. E. Hunt er (2004)

Purpose of This St udy Clari fi fi cat ion of Clari fi fi cat ion of t he leaching phenomena t he leaching phenomena 1. Effect ive fact ors of release rat e in ASTM ASTM (Ref: (Ref: 1. Effect ive fact ors of release rat e in St andard t est condit ion) St andard t est condit ion) Comparison bet ween laborat ory and fi fi eld t est s 2. Comparison bet ween laborat ory and fi fi eld t est s 2. ASTM: Release rat e at early t est st age early t est st age ASTM: Release rat e at • • Test met hods, condit ions Test met hods, condit ions • • Test cylinder Test panel Test cylinder Test panel Test condit ion Test condit ion Test met hod Test met hod Laborat ory t est Field t est Field t est Laborat ory t est

Experiment s

The Formulat ion of Coat ings Wt %(mix.) Wt %(mix.) Formulation Coating A B Cu 2 O 45-50 45-50 ZnO 5-10 5-10 Xylene 8 16 Ethylbenzene 9 12 n-Buthylalcohol 1-5 - Propylene glycol monomethylether 5-10 - TiO 2 - 5 Copper pyrithione 1-5 1-5 MSDS of Chugoku Marine Paint , Lt d. MSDS of Chugoku Marine Paint , Lt d.

Experiment al Procedure (ASTM) Aging Tank Aging Tank Cont ainer of L.R Cont ainer of L.R Preparat ion Preparat ion Poly Carbonat e Poly Carbonat e Aquamarine Aquamarine Aging Cond Aging Cond. . (prepared (prepared Temp. 25 �� �� Temp. 25 pH8.2 pH8.2 By I on- exchanged By I on- exchanged Wat er) Wat er) 24 hrs. t est ed 24 hrs. t est ed pH8.2 pH8.2 Prior t o t his exp. Prior t o t his exp. Release Rat e Measuring Cont ainer Release Rat e Measuring Cont ainer Quant it at ive Analysis Quant it at ive Analysis Anlys. . Anlys HNO 3 HNO 3

Experiment al Condit ion of Release Rat e Cf:ASTM condit ion: pH, I on pH 7 pH 7 SOW pH 8.2(ASTM St d.) 60 rpm Meas. L.R pH 9 Phosphat e Buffer Solut ion (PBS) Aging Tank Subst it ut ed Ocean Wat er (SOW) De- ionized Wat er(DI W) Temp. 25 � pH � 8.2 Rot at ion Speed Alt ernat e 0rpm Process of 30rpm Holding t ank 60rpm 180rpm

The Release Rat e of Test Panels The panel was at t ached t o t he hull ship, and t est ing aft er voyage for 6 mont hs. Bilge keel of Seiun Maru Seiun Maru Bilge keel of Measurement of t he t hickness of t he paint fi fi lm Measurement of t he t hickness of t he paint fi fi lm

The Release Rat e under St at ic Condit ion Two t ypes of panels wit h different sit uat ion � Fresh panel � Horizont al posit ion Horizont al posit ion wit h a downward wit h a downward direct ion direct ion Recovered panel � Cleaning by t ap wat er before t est � I mmersion period : 30- 120 days(exch.SOW: 10 days) � Sampling period: up t o 4 hrs., every 1 hr. �

The Leaching Effect of Test Cylinder 1. Rot at ion Speed

The Effect s of Rot at ion Speed ������� � � ������� � � � ���� ���� ���� � ����� ������� � ���� � �� ������� � ���� � � ������� � � � � ������� ��������� � � ������ � � � ���� ������ � � � ���� ���������

The Observat ion of Cross- sect ional Surface of Test Cylinder The back- scat t ered elect ron image mode by SEM The back- scat t ered elect ron image mode by SEM The Paint fi fi lm layer cont ained The Paint fi fi lm layer cont ained ant ifouling agent s ant ifouling agent s The leached layer The leached layer

The Ef f ect s of Rot at ion Speed 0rpm 30rpm 60rpm 180rpm 0rpm 30rpm 60rpm 180rpm Coat ing A Coat ing A Coat ing B Coat ing B

The Leaching Effect of Test Cylinder 2. pH and Dissolved I on Species

The Effect s of pH and Dissolved I on Species ������� � � ������� � � � ���� ���� ���� � ����� ������� � ���� � �� ������� � ���� � � ������� � � � � ������� ��������� � � ������ � � � ���� ������ � � � ���� ���������

The Effect s of pH and Dissolved I on Species P.B.S D.I .W. S.O.W pH7 pH9 Coat ing A Coat ing B

The Release Rat e of Test Panels

The Comparison of t he Release Rat e ������� � ����� ������� � ����� ���� ���� �� ���� ���� ���� �� ����� ������� � ����� � � ������� � ����� � ���� � ����� � ���� ���� � ����� � ���� ��������� � ������ � � � ��� ��������� � ������ � � � ���

The Mechanism of Leaching Rat e I n t he init ial st age I n t he init ial st age I n t he lat er st age I n t he lat er st age Affect ed small Affect ed small Fact ors Fact ors • Rot at ion Speed Rot at ion Speed • Affect ed Affect ed • pH pH signi fi fi cant ly • signi fi fi cant ly • Dissolved I on Dissolved I on • Rat e- det ermining Rat e- det ermining AF agent st ep st ep AF agent Resist ance of Resist ance of Cu 2 O leached AF agent Cu 2 O leached AF agent A skelt on skelt on st ruct ure st ruct ure A diffusion diffusion out out AF agent AF agent AF agent AF agent AF agent AF agent AF agent AF agent Remaining Diffusion in t he leached Remaining Diffusion in t he leached Dissolut ion at t he int erface Dissolut ion at t he int erface polymer layer polymer layer

The Mechanism of Leaching Rat e I n t he init ial st age I n t he init ial st age I n t he lat er st age I n t he lat er st age Fresh Paint Fresh Paint Leached Layer Leached Layer Coat ing A(P.B.S.) Coat ing A(P.B.S.)

Conclusion The aut hors clari fi fi ed t he effect ive fact ors of physical 1. and chemical propert ies of wat er phase by various t est s in t he cylinder t est . The release rat e of t he cylinder t est could be almost 2. equivalent t o t he fi fi eld t est , as t he leaching period became long. The different phenomena of leaching rat e can be 3. explained by t he development of t he leached layer. The development of t he leached layer is affect ed by a 4. balance bet ween t he leaching rat e of ant ifouling agent s and coat ing of resin.

Acknowledgement � Chugoku Marine Paint s, Lt d. � Mr. Kanet o Wat anabe of Nat ional I nst it ut e for Sea Training � Financial Support � Minist ry of t he Environment of Japan � Minist ry of Land, I nfrast ruct ure and Transport

Thank you for your attention! Thank you for your attention!