Large-scale Electrical Energy Storage (EES) in Japan October 5, - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Open Session on “Renewable energy and future grids” Large-scale Electrical Energy Storage (EES) in Japan October 5, 2012 Akio NAKAMURA Member of MSB, IEC (Former Managing Director of TEPCO) 1

White Paper - Electrical Energy Storage IEC MSB studied the market and technology on EES, and the outcomes has been published as a white paper in December 2011. http://www.iec.ch/whitepaper/energystorage/ 2

Contents 1. Overview of Electrical Energy Storage (EES)  Typical roles of EES  Types of EES 2. Japan’s Experiences in EES  Pumped hydro Storage  NAS (Sodium Sulfur) battery 3. NAS Battery and Integration of Renewable Energy (RE) Generation  RE generation at a geographically constrained site  RE generation on an island 4. Assembling Many Small-scale Batteries for Grid Uses  Future outlook of batteries  Battery SCADA 5. Conclusion 3

1. Overview of EES Role #1 of EES Load Leveling  Customer Side: Reduce kW charge by suppressing peak demand and make use of cheaper electricity supplied during off-peak period  Utility Side: Reduce generation cost and make more efficient use of network facilities Conventional system without EES System utilizing EES 4

1. Overview of EES Role #2 of EES Reliability & Power Quality Improvement at Customer side  Power supply in case of grid outage  Save critical load from voltage sag High Speed Switch Power Network Outage Sag Power Network Opens immediately when a sag occurs Circuit Breaker Circuit Breaker Discharge Discharge PCS Battery PCS Battery AC AC Tr DC DC Normal load Important load Normal load Important load 5

1. Overview of EES Role #3 of EES Support Introduction of Renewable Energy Generation  Control output from renewable energy generation  Enhance frequency control capability (below) Increase of Renewable energy Increase of Output fluctuation Shortage of Frequency Control Capability e.g. Wind Power, PV Within Power System Decrease of output from Controllable Power Plants Support by EES e.g. Thermal Power Plants 6

1. Overview of EES Types of EES Fly Wheel Compressed Air Energy Storage Pumped Hydroelectric Gen/Motor Gen/Motor Compressor Gas Turbine Flywheel Vacuum Combustion Vessel Fuel room Room for compressed air Superconductive Magnetic Energy Storage Electrochemical Battery Battery PCS Superconductive magnet Cooling facility PCS Control & Protection 7

1. Overview of EES Different technologies for different applications 1 min. 1 hour 1 sec. 1 day Large 1 month Small Short Long 8

1. Overview of EES Different technologies for different applications Rated Power Grid Uses Large PHS CAES SNG (100MW - GW) Li-ion H2 PHS FES Medium NAS RFB SNG (10MW – 100MW) Li-ion CAES DLC SMES LA RFB H2 Small FES (kW – MW) NAS Li-ion Discharge Duration Long Short Medium (Weeks-Months) (Second-Minutes) (Hour-Days) Developed In Development Mature 9

1. Overview of EES Installed capacity of EES in the world （ NAS Battery ） Installed capacity as of September 2010 10

Contents 1. Overview of Electrical Energy Storage (EES)  Typical roles of EES  Types of EES 2. Japan’s Experiences in EES  Pumped hydro Storage  NAS (Sodium Sulfur) battery 3. NAS Battery and Integration of Renewable Energy (RE) Generation  RE generation at a geographically constrained site  RE generation on an island 4. Assembling Many Small-scale Batteries for Grid Uses  Future outlook of batteries  Battery SCADA 5. Conclusion 11

2. Japan’s Experiences Generation facilities in Japan Generation capacity by energy source in Japan, as of March 2011 Renewable Energy, 0.2% Hydro, 8.5% Source Capacity Pumped Hydro 20.7 GW Hydro, Pumped hydro 25.9 GW 10.6% Nuclear, 20.1% Coal 38.9 GW LNG 62.5 GW Coal, 16.0% Oil and others, Oil 46.0 GW 18.9% Nuclear 49.0 GW LNG, 25.7% Renewable energy 0.53 GW 12

2. Japan’s Experiences Why is PHS so important in Japan? 100 90 80 Demand (%) 70 60 Japan 50 40 Japan RWE France Italy North Europe PJM 30 1:00 3:00 5:00 7:00 9:00 11:00 13:00 15:00 17:00 19:00 21:00 23:00 Hours (h) IEEJ – The Institute of Energy Economics, Japan, 2005 13

2. Japan’s Experiences Why is PHS so important in Japan? 14 Courtesy of JAXA

2. Japan’s Experiences Adjustable Speed Pumped Storage System In Japan, 8 plants, 1750MW in total, operating including 30MW seawater pumped hydro storage. 15

2. Japan’s Experiences Development of NAS battery Construction of new pumped hydro stations Pumped storage was estimated to become difficult due to Hydro situation  Shortage of appropriate site in 1980  Environmental concerns While it could be installed at any place, Battery  Capability was insufficient situation in 1980  R&D was not so energetic as now 16

2. Japan’s Experiences Installed capacity of NAS battery TEPCO decided to lead the development of NAS battery, and commercialized it in 2002.  185MW, 99 sites (96 at customer sites, 3 at substations), in TEPCO service area  316 MW, 223 locations, in the world 17

Contents 1. Overview of Electrical Energy Storage (EES)  Typical roles of EES  Types of EES 2. Japan’s Experiences in EES  Pumped hydro Storage  NAS (Sodium Sulfur) battery 3. NAS Battery and Integration of Renewable Energy (RE) Generation  RE generation at a geographically constrained site  RE generation on an island 4. Assembling Many Small-scale Batteries for Grid Uses  Future outlook of batteries  Battery SCADA 5. Conclusion 18

3. NAS Battery and RE generation Making RE generation grid-friendly at Futamata windfarm Futamata windfarm : The Japan Wind Development Co. Ltd. Wind turbines Interconnected power transformation unit Administration/control building PCS building NAS battery units Located in Aomori prefecture since 2008 Wind Turbines: 51 MW 1,500 kW x 34 units NAS Battery: 34 MW 2,000 kW x 17 units 19

3. NAS Battery and RE generation Making RE generation grid-friendly at Futamata windfarm Example operational results of constant output control over 8 hours 20

3. NAS Battery and RE generation Making RE generation grid-friendly in Hachijo-island Hachijo-island (240km south of Tokyo) Population: 8,273 (as of August 31,2012 ) Power demand • Peak: 11,000 kW • Off-peak: 3,500 kW Generation facilities • Thermal: 11,100 kW • Geothermal: 3,300 kW • Wind: 500kW 400kW NAS battery at the wind generation site for field test (from Aug. 2000 to Feb. 2002) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hachij%C5%8D-jima 21

3. NAS Battery and RE generation Making RE generation grid-friendly in Hachijo-island 600 Wind generation output Total 500 400 300 Output [kW] 200 100 0 -100 -200 NAS Battery output -300 0 60 120 180 240 300 Time [s] 22

Contents 1. Overview of Electrical Energy Storage (EES)  Typical roles of EES  Types of EES 2. Japan’s Experiences in EES  Pumped hydro Storage  NAS (Sodium Sulfur) battery 3. NAS Battery and Integration of Renewable Energy (RE) Generation  RE generation at a geographically constrained site  RE generation on an island 4. Assembling Many Small-scale Batteries for Grid Uses  Future outlook of batteries  Battery SCADA 5. Conclusion 23

4. Assembling small batteries What may happen by Battery Advancement? Progress of battery capability and price down of battery is expected,  Plenty of batteries will be introduced at customer and utility sides.  These batteries are small size, dispersed and used independently. Assembling batteries for many applications.  For frequency control of power systems  For load leveling of power systems  For power flow control of transmission lines (Importance of these applications becomes larger in accordance with the introduction of renewable energy generation.) 24

4. Assembling small batteries Battery SCADA Technology to effectively assemble dispersed batteries (Battery SCADA)  Distributed batteries at customer and utility sides can be dealt with like a virtual large capacity battery by being assembled.  It enables grid operators to comprehensively utilize batteries with different specifications made by different manufacturers for:  Frequency control of power systems  Load leveling of power systems  Power flow control of transmission lines SCADA; Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition 25

4. Assembling small batteries Schematic diagram of battery SCADA Advantages of virtual large capacity battery  Easier utilization  Easier location Advantages of comprehensive Customer side  Step by step introduction of batteries battery control  Optimum operation for grid Interface control  Flexible assignment of batteries’ Battery capability to various applications SCADA Information Interface collection and Command Utility side distribution Control center Utility side (Grid control) Dispersed batteries can be totally assembled and effectively utilized by Battery SCADA 26