Kore Lavi DFAP Final Performance Evaluation (Qualitative) Haiti Tulane University
Presenters Arif Rashid , USAID’s office of Food for Peace M&E Team Lead, Introductions Nancy Mock , Tulane Evaluation Technical backstop, Moderator Peter Horjus , Tulane Evaluation Team co-Lead, Presenter Photo Credit Shashank Shrestha/Save the Children John Berry , Tulane Contractor Evaluation Team co-Lead, Backup Presenter Jean-Claude Ulrick , IFOS Local research partner to Tulane 2
Agenda Introduction and Overview • • Methods • Key Findings Key Conclusions, and • Recommendations Photo Credit Shashank Shrestha/Save the Children Lessons Learned • Q&A session • 3
Introduction and Overview 4
Food Security Context The Global Hunger Index ranks • Haiti 113 of 119 countries, with ‘alarming’ levels of undernourishment, child wasting, child stunting and child mortality Almost ⅓ of Haiti’s population • is considered chronically food insecure (orange zones = crisis) • High incidence of climatic shocks, environmental hazards, and natural disasters • Low government capacity impedes the country’s ability IPC map, Oct. 2019-Feb. 2020 projections. to improve socio-economic From IPC report, found at http://www.ipcinfo.org/ development 5
Positive Outcomes from Kore Lavi • The hybrid paper/electronic voucher system was deeply appreciated by participants • Inclusion of fresh locally produced foods in the voucher system created important multiplication of impact. Partnering of MFIs and food vendors in the voucher system was very successful. • • Drafting of the National Policy for Social Protection (PNSP) had positive long-term impact, but was an adaptation that was not envisioned at the start of the project. • The Système Informatique du Ministère des Affaires Sociales et du Travail ( SIMAST ) census-based information and targeting system was an important achievement. Collaboration and capacity building were strongly appreciated by the GOH staff. • • Implementing Partners recognized the need for and develop a system to monitor impacts on GOH institutionalization . • Integrating VSLAs with food and nutrition activities was very successful.
Kore Lavi- Project Background Prior to KL, FFP conducted three development programs • between 1996 and 2013. KL Phase 1 ran from 08/2013 – 09/2017 (budget: $80M) • • Extension phase ran from 10/2017 – 09/2019 (budget: $24M) SO3 (Maternal and child nutritional status improved) was not • continued in the extension phase • KL implemented by consortium: - CARE (prime) - Action Against Hunger - World Food Program - World Vision - In partnership w/ Ministry of Labor & Social Affairs (MAST) 7
Kore Lavi - Strategic Objectives • SO1 : National systems for vulnerability targeting strengthened SO2 : Access of extremely vulnerable households • to local and nutritious foods increased • SO3 : Maternal and child nutritional status improved SO4 : Haitian institutions’ capacity to effectively • lead and manage safety net programming improved 8
Methods and Fieldwork 9
Methods Desk review • • Purposively-sampled qualitative study based on Key Informant Interviews and Focus Group Discussions in five departments and Port-au-Prince • In-country data collection took place in August 2019 IFOS, the local research partner , provided technical • and logistical support, as well as a team of data collectors SO2 Quantitative Impact evaluation (a separate • activity), began data collection in January 2020, and is planned to end in November 2020 10
Sample Focus Group Discussions and Respondents KI Interviews, respondents Number of FGD 26 Number of KII 46 Number of respondents 257 Number of KI respondents 63 FGD respondents by Gender KII Respondents by Gender Female respondents 173 (67%) Female respondents 16 (25%) Male respondents 84 (33%) Male respondents 47 (75%) Beneficiary Groups KIIs by Respondent Groups Voucher beneficiaries 9 International Organization 3 VSLA beneficiaries 8 Implementing Partner 17 VSLA/No Vouchers beneficiaries 1 Project Partner 14 Mère and Père Leaders 5 GOH 12 Non-beneficiaries 3 (in voucher communities) 11
Evaluation Team Evaluation Team Prepares for Field Testing Tools Photo by Peter Horjus 12
Conclusions and Recommendations 13
SO1: National systems for vulnerability targeting strengthened Preparing for a focus group discussion, Ouest Department Photo by John Berry 14
SO1: Targeting – Participant Perspective Conclusions Recommendations KIIs and FGD participants generally Continue to develop and refine • • agreed the Haitian Deprivation & the use of quantitative proxy Vulnerability Index (HDVI) vulnerability indicators functioned adequately as a • Do not discount other approaches targeting tool (community listing, etc.) in the Degree of inclusion and exclusion correct contexts • error was not excessive or of large • Ensure future projects include concern effective complaint/ feedback • Complaint mechanisms allowed mechanisms participants to appeal inclusion/exclusion from participant list 15
SO1: Targeting – Implementing Partner Perspective Conclusions Recommendations HDVI was considered a ‘black box’ Targeting tools should be • • by consortium staff developed transparently, balancing simplicity with HDVI risks becoming outdated • sensitivity and specificity (based on 2012 poverty survey) Transferring ownership of tools • Targeting 10% of most vulnerable • to MAST will require capacity households in each commune building & resources discounts differences in poverty between communes Regional differences in • prevalence of poverty should be accounted for in targeting 16
SO1: Targeting – Graduation Conclusions Recommendations • Participant graduation: Project design should include a • clear definition of graduation and Lack of clear pathway to • if it is a reasonable goal. graduation • Include a way to enroll new Lack of clear definition of • ‘graduation’ voucher recipients: • Lack of discussion if graduation Regular updates of SIMAST • was an appropriate objective data • Lack of funding or mechanism to Systems and resources to allow • enroll new voucher recipients after flexibility in caseloads the initial targeting period 17
SO1: Targeting – SIMAST Conclusions Recommendations Development of the Système FFP should continue to • • Informatique du Ministère des collaborate with internal and Affaires Sociales et du Travail external stakeholders on the (SIMAST) was a significant development and maintenance of accomplishment. GOH poverty information systems SIMAST opened the eyes of many Developing sustainable • • to the potential for using a census information systems will require approach to targeting resource and capacity building support for MAST • Sustainability of SIMAST will be strengthened by ongoing support • Regular data updates required from MAST & other donors & development projects 18
SO2: Access of extremely vulnerable households to local and nutritious foods increased Kore Lavi fresh food voucher Photo by Cesare Dieudonne, CARE HAITI 19
SO2: Increased access to food Conclusions Recommendations Consistent, long-term voucher • To promote sustainable impact, • support smoothed HH resource ag/livelihood component, should inflow allowing better planning be integrated with food security interventions • Food sharing between HHs was common Cultural norms such as sharing of • Vouchers alone may not bring HH food between HHs should be • out of poverty: considered in building food ration systems Inter-generational poverty • • No ag/livelihood component Voucher amount was not • ‘transformational’ 20
SO2: Increased access to food Conclusions Recommendations FGD participants appreciated the Kore Lavi hybrid voucher system • • flexibility of paper and electronic should be considered as a model vouchers for other FFP activities • Vouchers were considered more • Voucher value should be regularly dignified than mass food adjusted for inflation or in distributions response to acute shocks • The voucher system offered adaptive mechanism for providing additional assistance following acute shocks, such as droughts or disasters 21
SO3: Maternal and child nutritional status improved Haitian food pyramid Photo by John Berry 22
SO3: Maternal and child nutrition Conclusions Recommendations The “First 1,000 Days” strategy was The “First 1,000 Days” strategy • • considered appropriate & should be replicated effective, but some KIs described Consider cultural dynamics and • the end of SO3 activities as abrupt HH ration sharing when targeting Intra/inter HH sharing of food individuals such as • rations diluted the impact on pregnant/lactating women targeted women & children • Integrate maternal & child Sustainable behavior change will nutrition with livelihoods • depend on affordability of activities nutritious local foods 23
SO4: Haitian institutions’ capacity to effectively lead and manage safety net programming improved MFI office on Ile la Gonave, West Department Local Ferry to Ile La Gonave, West Department Photo by John Berry Photo by John Berry 24
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