Presentation to Symposium: “Mineral Resources – The Most Neglected Sector” October 27, 2018 Karachi Key Note Address: Mineral Policy Issues & Impact of 18 TH Amendment. Azhar Khan Ex-Director General (Minerals) Ministry of Energy(Petroleum Division)
Contents Mineral Resources Regulatory Framework Major Mineral Sector Projects Mineral Statistics Investment Opportunities Recommendations
Mineral Resources
Types of Mineral Resources - Energy : Coal - Metallic: Chromite, Copper (+Gold, Silver), Iron, Lead-Zinc ores - Gemstones : Emerald, Ruby, Tourmaline, Topaz, Garnet. - Industrial : Rock Salt, Limestone, Gypsum, Dolomite, Barite, Bentonite, China Clay, Fireclay, Rock Phosphate, Silica Sand. - Dimension Stones : Marble, Granite, Sand Stone. 4
Minerals Resources At present Pakistan is producing about 50 minerals while at the time of its independence this figure stood at 8 All minerals now being mined in the country have been explored / discovered by GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF PAKISTAN
Minerals under Exploitation 1. Antimony 36. Ochers 19. Dolomite 2. Aragonite/Marble 37. Phosphate 20. Emerald 3. Argillaceous Clay 38. Pumice 21. Epidote 4. Asbestos 39. Quartz 22. Feldspar 5. Ball Clay 40. Red Oxide 23. Fire Clay 6. Baryte 41. Rock Salt 24. Flint Stone 7. Basalt 42. Ruby 25. Fluorite 8. Bauxite 43. Serpentine 26. Garnet 9. Bentonite 44. Shale Clay 27. Granite 10. Beryl 45. Silica Sand 28. Gypsum 11. Brine 46. Soap Stone 29. Iron Ore 12. Building Stone 47. Sulphur 30. Laterite 13. Calcite 48. Tourmaline 31. Limestone 14. Celestite 49. Trona 32. Magnesite 15. Chalk 50. Copper/Gold 33. Manganese 16. China Clay 34. Onyx Marble 17. Chromite 35. Nepheline 18. Coal Syenite
METALLOGENIC ZONES OF PAKISTAN Metallogenic Zones Chagai R askoh Magmatic Arc 1 11 MKT 2 Chaman- Ornach-Nal T ransform Fault zone L as bela- K huzdar, Muslim B agh, Zhob-Waziristan 10 3 Ophiolites & Melange zone MMT 4 S ediment hosted L ead-Zinc- B arite- Flourite deposits. 5 K irthar T hrus t & Fold B elt. 9 MB T S ulaiman T hrust & Fold B elt. 6 IS L AMAB AD 8 Indo P akistan S hield rocks of S argodha, K irana & Nagar P arkar 7 3 8 S alt range & K ala-Chitta Hills n o c k s o f H a r i p u r , G o n d w a n i c d o m a i r 9 d & T r i b a l a r e a s . S h e r w a n , A b b o t a b a 7 10 3 K ohistan Magmatic Arc K arakoram B lock 11 6 MB T Main B oundary T hrust MMT Main Mantle T hrust MKT Main K arakoram T hrust 1 4 5 2 3 7
Tethyan Belt - Major Copper-Gold Deposits Ukraine Hungary Romania Bulgaria Georgia Greece Turkey Iran
Chagai- R askoh Magmatic Arc Chagai-Raskoh Magmatic Arc S aindak P orphyry Copper/Gold Naushki R eko Dik Chickendik Iron ore Copper/ Gold Nok K undi Dalbandin Chilghazi Iron ore R asK oh Chromite Copper 11 a m T h or r us (M k t K T ) a r a e K n in T o Ma 10 Z Chromite MT ) M ( n t M a s t l th ru in e Ma 9 M ou ry B n d a Iron ore a n i IS L A MAB AD T hru st 8 3 7 3 6 1 4 5 Extending from Yugoslavia – Turkey – Iran 2 3 to Pakistan. 7
Lasbela – Khuzdar, Muslim Bagh, Waziristan Ophiolites & Melange Zone L asbela- K huzdar, Muslim B agh, Zhob-Waziristan Ophiolites & Melange zone Miran S hah Producing high grade Zhob-Waziristan exportable Chromite. Wana Also bears dimension stones. Muslim B agh Copper Chromite Magnesite Manganese Khuzdar 11 T a m h r us or t ( M K k T a ) Kar e n Jinno Copper in T o Ma 10 Z MT ) M ( n t a s M t e l h ru in t Ma Wad Chromite 9 M ou n d a ry B a n i IS L A MAB AD T hru st 8 3 7 3 6 1 4 Haji Goth Copper Uthal 5 2 3 7
Sedimentary Hosted Lead-Zinc – Barite – Fluorite Deposits S ediment hosted L ead-Zinc- B arite- Flourite deposits. Copper L oralai L ead- Zinc Mastung Iron Ore K alat Flourite B arite S urmai Gunga Duddar P b-Zn 11 a m T h or r us t (M k K T ) a ar K e in n o T Ma 10 Z MT ) ( M a n s t M t h ru in e l t a M 9 M ou n d a ry a B i n IS LA MAB AD T hru s t 8 3 7 3 6 1 4 5 2 3 7 This zone extends from Uthal to Zhob.
Gondwanic Domain Rocks
Indo Pakistan Shield Rocks
Kohistan Magmatic Arc
Karakoram Block
Metallic Minerals Potential Mineral Reserve Grade (Million Tons) Chromite 2.53 Low to Medium Copper >6,000 Low to High Gold 1,656 metric tons Low Silver 618 metric tons Low Iron Ore 1,427 Low to High Lead-Zinc 24 Low to Medium
Coal Resources Overview of Coal Sector of Pakistan • Pakistan’s coal potential estimated to exceed 186 billion tons, more than known indigenous oil & gas reserves figures. • Coal contributes around 8% in primary energy supply mix. • Annual coal consumption (2016-17) was more than 11.00 million tons. • Domestic coal production is about 4.2 million tons per annum, which is mostly consumed in brick-kilns. • Coal imports during 2016-17 figured around 7.00 million tons.
Coal Resources Location
Coal Potential Province Resources Estimate (Million Tons) Sindh 185,457 Balochistan 217 Punjab 235 Khyber – Pakhtunkhwa 90 AJK 9 Total: 186,008 Coal Quality: Lignite to Bituminous Heating Value: 5 ,200 -15,500 BTU/lb. Thar Coal resources have the capacity to support 100,000 MW electricity generation for centuries.
Gemstone Occurrences
Gemstones Potential Gemstone Reserves (Million Carats) Emerald 70 Pink Topaz 9 Peridot 10 Ruby 452 Aquamarine 0.20
Industrial Minerals & Dimsion Stones Mineral Reserve Grade (Million Tons) Barite 14 Medium to High Fireclay > 100 Medium to High Fuller’s Earth Fairly Large Medium to High Granite 4,140 Medium to High Gypsum 4,850 Medium to High Limestone Very Large High Magnesite 12 Medium to High Marble Very Large High Phosphate 7 Low to Medium Red Oxide 100 Low to Medium Rock Salt >5,000 High Silica Sand 557 Medium to High
National Mineral Policy-Regulatory Framework
National Mineral Policy-Regulatory Framework • Minerals are provincial subject under the constitution, except oil and nuclear minerals and those occurring in special areas (GB & ICT). • Provincial Governments are responsible for development and exploitation of minerals which fall in their domain as it is not included in Federal Legislative List – 4 th schedule. • 18 th amendment in Constitution has not changed its status. • Legislative and executive authority of mineral rest with the provinces. 24
Constitutional Apportionment Federal: • Regulation of nuclear minerals and those occurring in federally controlled areas, Islamabad Capital Territory (ICT) and International Offshore Water Territory. • Geological surveys. • National policies formulation, facilitation and coordination at national and international levels. Federating Units: • Regulation of mineral sector. • Mineral exploration and development. • Safety of exploration and mining operations . Note : There is no change in above jurisdiction w.r.t. 18th Amendment and the Provinces will continue to independently work in their areas.
Constitutional Apportionment Federal: • Regulation of nuclear minerals and those occurring in federally controlled areas, Islamabad Capital Territory (ICT) and International Offshore Water Territory. • Geological surveys. • National policies formulation, facilitation and coordination at national and international levels. Federating Units: • Regulation of mineral sector. • Mineral exploration and development. • Safety of exploration and mining operations . Note : There is no change in above jurisdiction w.r.t. 18th Amendment and the Provinces will continue to independently work in their areas.
Constitutional Apportionment Federal: • Regulation of nuclear minerals and those occurring in federally controlled areas, Islamabad Capital Territory (ICT) and International Offshore Water Territory. • Geological surveys. • National policies formulation, facilitation and coordination at national and international levels. Federating Units: • Regulation of mineral sector. • Mineral exploration and development. • Safety of exploration and mining operations . Note : There is no change in above jurisdiction w.r.t. 18th Amendment and the Provinces will continue to independently work in their areas.
Mineral Sector Regulatory Setup Mineral Ownership Federal Government : Federal Areas Radioactive Minerals ICT & Intl. Offshore Formulation of National Policy Geological Survey & Mapping Oil & Gas Regulation International Coordination Provincial Government: • Detailed Exploration; • Mineral Development/Production; • Regulation of Mineral Titles; and • Health & Safety in Mines 28
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