Kartik Sankaran † , Akkihebbal L. Ananda † , Mun Choon Chan † , Li-Shiuan Peh # † School of Computing, National University of Singapore # Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
▪ Introduction ▪ Related work ▪ Design and Implementation ▪ Sample application ▪ Evaluation ▪ Future Work 2
Proximity-based mobile apps are becoming increasingly popular Goog ogle le Now ow Fou oursqua quare Son onar Bado doo Users discover an and interac act with h near arby people an and p plac aces Circle les Skout out Grou oupo pon Grab T axi 3
Current solutions rely on tracking device location and cross-referencing device locations on a server Track k de devic ice e Send nd loc ocation on loc ocation tion Lac ack k of f Privac acy chang nges s to s o ser erver er Send nd Trigger ger De Device e close e by notific ificati ation on pr proximit mity-ba base sed Bat attery drai ain to o other er de devices? to o de device app pp Requires internet connect ction on 4
These limitations have sparked interest in scalable and power-efficient device-to-device technologies L TE Di Direct iBeac acon ons https://www.qualcomm.com/products/lte/direct http://www.ibeacon.com/what-is-ibeacon-a-guide-to-beacons/ 5
Prob oblem em: Need to install large number of apps beforehand on the phone to interact with potential places of interest http://soshable.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/An-App-for-That.jpg http://medeatextuality.files.wordpress.com/2011/10/appoverload-thumb-550xauto-25186.jpg 6 http://instruction.manorisd.net/manorisd/iTeach/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/appdrowning.jpg
Sol olution ution: Automatic discovery and installation of proximity apps when nearby places of interest, and removal when user goes away Highl hly-loc ocal aliz ized ap app instal allat ation on an and interac action ions Stumb umbleUpon leUpon http://dsconsultants.co.in/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/app-store.png 7 http://www.myportableworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/StumbleUpon-Start-screen.png
Prob oblem em: Need lightweight and convenient installation of proximity apps on-the-fly Instal alling ing nat ative ap apps is tedi dious an and d d dan angerous In In-flight light w.r.t. security app pp http://www.panasonic.aero/ 8
Sol olution ution: Deploy web apps instead of native apps Web eb app pps ar are e Lightwei Li weight ght (op open/clo /close e in brow owser) er) power po erful ul Secure e (runs s in brow owser er sandb dbox) x) Easier er to d o develo lop p than native e app pps Prob oblem em: Web apps need internet connection Sol olution ution: Provide web apps with DTN APIs Access s to D o D2D 2D com ommuni nication v ation via ia DTN APIs 9
Ported to Android an and Linux/W /Wind ndows ows/Ma /Mac Developed a dynamic framework for building Easier er to d o deb ebug Highly-localized Mobile Web DTN Applications on de on desktop op • De Depl ploy oy web eb app pps on on-the-fly ly to o user ers in pr proximit ity • If user er is inter erested, d, can op open app pp in in brow owser er • Web eb app pps c com ommunic icate e over er DTN using pr protoc ocol ol com ompo pone nents nts (bundl dled d with app pp) l loa oade ded d at r run-time ime • After er use, e, app pp i is si simpl ply y closed 10
1. HT HTTP-over er-DTN TN brow owsing ng [ Ott et al. WNEPT ’06] [ Aruna et al. CHANTS ’07] - Fetche hes w s web eb pa pages, not web eb app pps [ Chen et al. WWW ’09] - DTN hidd dden from om web eb pa pages [ Mikko et al. P ER C OM ’10] 2. 2. Web eb-based d DTN App pps [ Lindgren CHANTS ’11] - Foc ocus on on app pp l log ogic [ Peltola T HESIS ’07] - Do Do n not supp ppor ort dy dynamic ic de depl ploy oyment nt 3. Phon one e Gap - Con onver erts ts web eb app pps in into o native e app pps - Installa allation tion not lightweig weight ht 11
4. QR Code des - Di Direct user ers to w o web eb site e on online ine [ Erik et al. M OBI H OC ’09] - Need d to o manuall lly y find d and sc d scan code des [ Skjegstad et al. NTMS ’12] 5. DTN Mi Midd ddlewa ware e for or Mo Mobile [ Petz et al. H OT M OBILE ’10] [ Mauro et al. ICSOC ’08] - Do Do n not supp ppor ort web eb app pps [ Anna-Kaisa et al. WOSN ’09] - Protoc ocol ols s are e not dy dynamic ically lly loa oade ded [ Guidec et al. U BI C OMM ’07] 6. Dy Dynamix [ Ntareme et al. W I M OB ’11] - Con ontext t aware e com ompo ponents nts and AP d APIs [ Carlson et al. I O T ’12] - Architect ctur urall lly y simila lar 12
A NDROID N ATIVE A PPS W EB A PPS (B ROWSER ) Design ign and Forwarding layer API Proxy Forwarding layer API in JS Imp mpleme mentat tation ion Forwarding layer API Stub Local Web Server Dat ata a copied d to fram amework rk using AID IDL Fwding layer Implementation (Eg: Epidemic Routing) Web server tran anslat ates AJAX requests to Jav ava Link layer API Proxy Protoc ocol ol jar ars bu bundl dled d Link layer API Stub with h web ap app Protoc ocol ols dynam amical ally Link layer Implementation C ORE DTN (Eg: Bluetooth) load aded d in fram amework F RAMEWORK D EPLOYMENT / C OLLECTION T OOL 13
A NDROID N ATIVE A PPS W EB A PPS (B ROWSER ) Design ign and Forwarding layer API Proxy Forwarding layer API in JS Imp mpleme mentat tation ion Forwarding layer API Stub Local Web Server Fwding layer Implementation User notifi fied of f web (Eg: Epidemic Routing) ap app, can an open using browser Link layer API Proxy Supports ts multiple ap apps Link layer API Stub an and protocol l stac acks Link layer Implementation C ORE DTN (Eg: Bluetooth) F RAMEWORK D EPLOYMENT / C OLLECTION T OOL 14
App detai ails on fram amework rk website Framework has been used by students of Wireless and Sensor Networks course at NUS for 2 semesters (12 native DTN apps) http://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~kartiks/nusdtn 15
App detai ails on fram amework rk website Sell and re-sell unused tickets near theatres Stream music based on crowd preference Find and respond to special sales and discounts nearby Compete Distributed and share social- playlists in networking the gym app http://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~kartiks/nusdtn 16
Whe heelch chai air people need to inform m bus dr drivers to boar ard As proof-of-concept, we have developed a simple web app for helping the physically challenged at bus stops and terminals A bus arrival deploys the app to people near the bus stop Wheelchair person opens the web app in browser Bus Com ommuter er Bus Dr Driver er App pp App pp 96 96 99 99 Requests Bus 96 driver to board Sends alert before arrival at bus stop http://icons.iconarchive.com/icons/icons-land/vista-people 17 http://previewcf.turbosquid.com/Preview/2014/07/08__13_04_11
Whe heelch chai air people need to inform m bus dr drivers to boar ard As proof-of-concept, we have developed a simple web app for helping the physically challenged at bus stops and terminals Bus Com ommuter er Bus Dr Driver er App pp App pp 18
TCP P Dat ata a tran ansfer using 80 802.11b between n two Ne Nexus S ph phones Per erformanc ormance e over erhe head d of of dy dynamic ic code de du during ng con ontact ct da data transf sfer er Overhead of send/receive less than 20% for Source/Destination, less than 3% for intermediate nodes Overhead mainly due to IPC copying 19
Me Memor ory y over erhead Memory (MB) API Proxy (app-side) 1.1 Bulk of messages stored as files, only metadata stored in Framework (nothing plugged in) 8.9 RAM to avoid heap limit Framework (2 APIs and 2 protocols loaded, 9.1 no messages) Heap ap limit: 32 to 64 MB p per ap app in An Android 20
Com ompa paring ing po power er con onsumpti mption on of of D2D D2D di discover ery y with Client nt-Serv Server er loc ocation ion upl ploa oad d using ng Mo Monsoon P on Power ower meter er on on Galaxy y S3 Operation Power (mW) CPU (Asleep) 25 LTE has a long tail of 10 to 20 CPU (Awake) 85 seconds LTE (active) 2000 LTE (tail) 490 WiFi (scan) 300 21
Pow ower er con onsum umpti ption on at di differ erent tim nt time e interv ervals ls For 20 sec interval, power saving of D2D is 86% 22
• Use e of of Web ebSock ockets ts instead ad of of A AJAX • Securit ity y pe permissi sion ons in Protoc ocol ol com ompo ponents nts 23
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