Justice Reinvestment in Pennsylvania Second Presentation to the Working Group Carl Reynolds, Senior Legal and Policy Advisor Marc Pelka, Deputy Director Ed Weckerly, Research Manager Patrick Armstrong, Policy Analyst Dan Altman, Program Associate
The Council of State Governments Justice Center Corrections Justice Reinvestment National membership association of state government officials that engages Mental Health Reentry members of all three branches of state government. Substance Abuse Youth Justice Center provides practical, nonpartisan advice informed by Courts Law Enforcement the best available evidence. Council of State Governments Justice Center | 2
What is Justice Reinvestment? A data-driven approach to reduce corrections spending and reinvest savings in strategies that can decrease recidivism and increase public safety The Justice Reinvestment Initiative is supported by funding from the U.S. Department of Justice’s Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA) and The Pew Charitable Trusts Council of State Governments Justice Center | 3
Justice reinvestment includes a two-part process spanning analysis, policy development, and implementation. Pre-Enactment Assemble practitioners and leaders; receive and consider Bipartisan, interbranch 1 information, reports, and policies Working Group Analyze data sources from across the criminal justice 2 Data Analysis system for comprehensive perspective Complement data analysis with input from stakeholder 3 Stakeholder Engagement groups and interested parties Present a policy framework to reduce corrections costs, Policy Option 4 increase public safety, and project the impacts Developments Post-Enactment Identify needs for implementation and deliver technical 5 Policy Implementation assistance for reinvestment strategies Monitor the impact of enacted policies and programs, 6 Monitor Key Measures adjust implementation plan as needed Council of State Governments Justice Center | 4
Data acquisition and stakeholder engagement update Stakeholder Engagement Since Data Type Source Status the March Working Group Meeting Arrests Pennsylvania State Police Pending Victim More than 20 participants from multiple Advocates organizations, including the Office of the Victim Jail Counties Scoping Advocate and Pennsylvania State Police Roundtable Administrative Office of Court Filings Received Pennsylvania Courts - Adult Probation chief officers, deputy chiefs, supervisors/managers, and line officers were all Surveys Pennsylvania Commission invited to participate in an online survey Sentencing Received - Working Group members surveyed on areas of on Sentencing focus for the justice reinvestment project Pennsylvania Department Prison Received of Corrections Teams from 3 counties (Allegheny, Berks, and National Franklin) participated in the National Stepping Up Pennsylvania Board of Stepping Up Summit in Washington, DC, to help create or refine Parole Supervision Received Probation and Parole plans to reduce the prevalence of people with Summit mental illness in jails Pennsylvania Board of Parole Decision Received Making Probation and Parole CSG Justice Center staff participated in last CJAB month’s Criminal Justice Advisory Board Probation Supervision Counties/CCAP Scoping Conference Conference in State College Pennsylvania Department of Corrections/ 23 calls with stakeholders, including defense Received attorneys, prosecutors, judges, chief adult probation Department of Drug and Stakeholder Behavioral Health officers, judiciary committee members, and Alcohol Programs/ Calls Scoping representatives from PCCD, DOC, PBPP, and the Department of Human governor’s office Services Council of State Governments Justice Center | 5
Results of the working group survey to date indicate strong interest in pretrial, probation, access to services and outcomes. Bail and other pretrial decisions and services Outcomes for people on probation Probation practices and caseloads Outcomes for people on CIP County Impacts Other diversions Jail population and costs Indigent defense funding and quality Topics of highest interest : Probation fees and funding Restorative justice Bail and Pretrial Impact of criminal records Probation Practices and Variation by race/ethnicity Outcomes Use or content of PSIs Sentencing The role of negotiated pleas in sentencing Criminal History Variation by resources and location Complexity Race/Ethnicity Place of confinement rule Parole Decisions and Violators Restitution and legal financial obligations Behavioral Health Services Parole release decisions Length of stay of parole violators Juvenile Justice Minimum/maximum sentence rule Prison & Parole Incarceration and prison commitment rates Effectiveness of programs in prison About half of the working Behavioral Health In community supervision In prison Access and outcomes of behavioral group has responded to the In jails health services and programming: survey so far. Juvenile Justice Environmental Factors Education Related to the Criminal Race Poverty Justice System Homelessness Council of State Governments Justice Center | 6
Engaging victims and victim advocates in justice reinvestment Victim Advocate State Victim Advocate Jennifer Storm, CSG Justice Center staff, and National Victim Advocate Anne Seymour met with Roundtable Pennsylvania victim advocates. April 11, 2016 Roundtable Themes • Victim should be able to receive information at the pretrial stage. • Victim should receive notification about early accountability proceedings. • Criminal justice professionals should receive training on victims’ rights. • To help victims navigate a complicated system, available services and opportunities to provide impact statements at criminal justice system stages should both be mapped out. • Victim restitution data (i.e., orders and collections) should be analyzed to assess how orders are managed — if data are available. Next Steps • Compensation eligibility, benefits, and utilization should be analyzed to determine whether the needs of victims are being met. • June and July regional meetings with victim services • Victims do not know about the services available to them. agencies and advocates. • Additional data requests, policy review, and victim advocate input. Council of State Governments Justice Center | 7
Recap of March Presentation Three-quarters of Pennsylvania’s criminal justice 1 population is on county supervision and incarceration, but outcomes for this population are largely unknown. Recidivism Measure Criminal Justice % of Supervision Re-arrest Re-incarceration Population Total Violation Probation, CIP, Some summary Some summary Local Parole 66% information in Not reported information in and other county CAPP report CAPP report supervised cases No regular statewide tracking or reporting; Jail 10% N/A some occurs in individual counties Prison 14% N/A Reported annually in a published report Parole Reported annually in a published report 11% and other state supervised cases Council of State Governments Justice Center | 8
Recap of March Presentation Efforts to curb prison population growth have 2 contributed to recent reductions, but state corrections spending has continued to climb, reaching $2.3 billion. Pennsylvania Prison General Fund Corrections Population, 2000-2015 Expenditures in Billions, FY2005-FY2015 $2.3B 51,487 49,914 50,000 36,810 $1.5B 40,000 30,000 -3% 20,000 +40% 2009-2015 2000-2009 10,000 FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08 FY09 FY10 FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14 FY15 0 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 Corrections spending grew at twice the rate of overall state budget from FY2005 to FY2015 DOC Annual Statistical Reports; NASBO State Expenditure Reports, 2005-2015 Council of State Governments Justice Center | 9
Recap of March Presentation Pennsylvania has the highest rate of adults on parole 3 supervision in the U.S., and parole violators account for nearly half of prison admissions. Parole Population per 100,000 Residents, 2014 Prison Admissions by Type, 2014 1,200 53% New Court Commitments 1,000 (10,321) 47% 800 Parole Violators (9,130) 600 400 200 0 PA AR LA OR WI MS SD AK GA US CA NY NV TN CO IA NH VT AL NJ OH WV KS WA UT WY AZ SC NC ND DE CT OK NE MA VA ME TX KY MO ID IL MD MI IN MN NM HI MT RI FL BJA, Probation and Parole in the United States, 2014; PA DOC 2014 Annual Statistical Report. Council of State Governments Justice Center | 10
May presentation data analysis notes • Switch to judicial proceedings rather than criminal ~150,000 Offenses incidents to better reflect the volume of people being ~100,000 Incidents sentenced to different options. We use the terms sentences and judicial proceedings interchangeably ~90,000 Judicial throughout the presentation. Proceedings “ A judicial proceeding includes all offenses committed by an offender that are sentenced on a given date. A judicial proceeding may contain a single criminal incident or multiple criminal incidents. ” • Look beyond just the most serious sanction to uncover split sentences that receive probation in addition to incarceration. • Philadelphia Municipal Court data , including most misdemeanors, are not included in the sentencing ~15% analysis, and we estimate this amounts to about 15% of the state misdemeanor total. Pennsylvania Commission on Sentencing Annual Report, 2014. Council of State Governments Justice Center | 11
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