QUANTUM TECHNOLOGY: THE SECOND QUANTUM REVOLUTION* Jonathan P. Dowling Jonathan P. Dowling Quantum Science & Technologies Group Quantum Science & Technologies Group Hearne Institute for Theoretical Physics Hearne Institute for Theoretical Physics Louisiana State University Louisiana State University Unified QUEST, Emerging Technologies Seminar 08 OCT 08, McLean, VA quantum.phys.lsu.edu * JPD & GJ Milburn, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. A 361 (2003) 1–20 (quant-ph/0206091)
Who Am I and Why Am I Here? Research Physicist, US Army Aviation and Missile Command, 1994–1998. Principle Scientist, NASA Jet Propulsion Lab, Caltech, 1998–2004. Director, Hearne Institute for Theoretical Physics, LSU, 2004–Present.
Who Am I and Why Am I Here? US Army Technical Advisor for Quantum Technologies, US Army Technical Advisor for Quantum Technologies, 1994–2004. 1994 004. NSA Technical Advisor for Quantum Information NSA Technical Advisor for Quantum Information Processing, 1994–2000. Processing, 1994 000. NASA Technical Advisor for Quantum Technologies, NASA Technical Advisor for Quantum Technologies, 1998 1998–Present. resent. NSF Technical Advisor for Quantum Technologies and NSF Technical Advisor for Quantum Technologies and Cyber-Infrastructure, 2004–Present. Cyber-Infrastructure, 2004 resent. NAS Panel on Digitization and Communications Science of NAS Panel on Digitization and Communications Science of the Army Research Laboratory Technical Assessment the Army Research Laboratory Technical Assessment Board for Quantum Information, 2005–Present. Board for Quantum Information, 2005 resent.
My Own Research in in Quantum Technolo logy “Optic ptical Q l Qua uantum ntum C Com omputing, puting,” ARDA RDA/ARO RO/DT DTO/IA IARP RPA/NSA, 2 , 2000–Prese sent. nt. “Qua uantum ntum A Atom tomic ic G Gravity vity G Gradiom iometr try,” NRO RO, 2000–20 2000 2001. 1. “Qua uantum ntum O Optic ptical G l Gyrosc oscope ope,” ONR, 2 R, 2000–20 2004. “Qua uantum ntum A Atom tomic ic G Gyrosc oscope ope,” NRO RO, 2 , 2002. “Qua uantum ntum M Magne gnetom tomete ter,” NRO RO, 2 , 2003. “Qua uantum ntum Im Imaging, ging,” ARO RO, 2 , 2005–2010 10. “Qua uantum ntum O Optic ptical S l Sensor nsors, s,” DA DARP RPA, 2 , 2007–2008.
Classical Battle Space of Today
Quantum Battle Space of Tomorrow
The Army’s Role? Quantum Technology will Drive Many of the Capabilities of the Warfighter for the Next 100 Years! The US Army Can: A. LEAD! B. FOLLOW? C. GET THE %$#@ OUT OF THE WAY!?
Quantum Technology Quantum Quantum Computing Cryptography Foundations of Quantum Mechanics Quantum Quantum Imaging Sensors
Nano-Technolo logy Quantum Technolo logy "There's Plenty More "There's Plenty More Room Room “There's 's Plenty o of Room at the Bottom.” in the Quantum!” Jon Dowling (2008) in the Quantum! Jon Dowling (2008) — Richard Feynman (1960) Si - SILICON two 1.0 cm nanometers |1010010100101101> {1010010100101101} Classical: All The Information in Every Quantum: All The Information in Computer in the World Can Be Stored Every Computer in the World Can in a Centimeter-Size Chunk of 10 21 Be Stored in Seventy (70) (1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000) Silicon Atoms at Silicon Atoms at One Bit Per Atom. One Quantum Bit Per Atom!
Frequently ly Asked Questio ion?
Quantum and Nanotechnolo logy are Self lf Enablin ling QuTech Drives NanoTech Nano- NanoTech: NanoTech: QuTech: QuTech: Electronics Small Small Size ize Weirdness Weirdness and Q-NEMS NanoTech Drives QuTech
Quantum Sciences — The First Revolution 1900s Planck Blackbody Law 1920s Quantum Mechanics Completed 1920s Relativistic Quantum Mechanics 1920s Dirac Quantizes Electromagnetic Field 1930s Bloch’s Theory of Solid State 1940s Quantum Electrodynamics Completed 1950s Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 1950s Masers and Atomic Clocks 1950s Theory of Superconductivity 1960s Invention of the Laser 1980s Laser Cooling of Atoms and Ions 1990s Bose-Einstein Condensates
Quantum Technology — The Second Revolution 1994 1994 Quantum Cryptography Demonstrated over 10km Fiber 1994 Quantum Code-Breaking Algorithm Discovered 1996 DoD & Intel Funding for Quantum Information 1997 Quantum Transistors in Atoms and Photons 1999 Superconducting Quantum Transistor 2001 Quantum Cryptography Over 100km 2004 ARO Program in Quantum Imaging 2007 DARPA Program in Optical Quantum Sensors 2008 2008 Quantum Local Area Networks and Earth-to-Space Uplink
Quantum Technology Quantum Quantum Computing Cryptography Foundations of Quantum Mechanics Quantum Quantum Imaging Sensors
How Does A Quantum Computer Work? A Car’s Six ix Wheel l Odometer is is Lik ike a Cla lassic ical l Computer Regis ister: It Shows Only ly One Six ix-Dig igit it Number at a Tim ime. 3 1 4 1 5 9
A Quantum Odometer Can Store All ll 999,999 Six ix-Dig igit it Numbers at Once! 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 9 9 9 9 9 8 9 9 9 9 9 9
Public lic-Key Secret Codes On The Internet These Secret Codes Are Often Used by the Bad Guys!
Makin ing Public lic-key Secret Codes Is Easy Making a Secret Code is as Easy as Multiplication: 15,485,863 • 32,452,843 = 502,560,280,658,509
Breakin ing Public lic-key Secret Codes Is Hard Breaking a Public Key is as Hard as Long Division: 502,560,280,658,509 = 15,485,863 • 32,452,843
Div ivid idin ing Big ig Numbers Is Very Hard! If e If eve very pa partic ticle le in th in the Unive Universe se w was a s a cla classic ssical com ompute puter r running a unning at full spe t full speed for for th the e entir ntire life life of th of the Unive Universe se (a (about 12 bout 12 billion y billion years) th s) that would ould be be still insuffi still insufficie ient to d nt to divid ivide out (fa out (factor tor) a ) a 2,0 ,000 d digit num igit numbe ber. Be Best Inte st Interne net E t Enc ncryption Use ption Uses 1,0 s 1,000 Digit N Digit Num umbe bers. s. The Bad Guys are Safe! Or Are They!?
Crackin ing The Code: Lif ife Imit itates Art Peter Shor, MIT (1994) 1992 Quantum Computer Could Factor a 2,000 Digit Number In Less Than a Second!
Quantum Computing Hardware Superconductor Atomic Photonic Semiconductor
The Quantum Artificial Intelligence Hypothesis Classical A.I. Quantum A.I. 2025 A.D. Your Laptop You! Your Quantum Computer
Quantum Technology Quantum Quantum Computing Cryptography Foundations of Quantum Mechanics Quantum Quantum Imaging Sensors
The Origin of Quantum Weirdness Collections of Quantum Particles Exhibit Bizarre, Non- Local, Action-At-A-Distance, Unreal, Correlations not Found in any Classical System. Such Quantum Correlations are Called “Entanglement”. Quantum Entanglement is a Feature of the Weirdness of Quantum Mechanics, not Necessarily the Size of the Particles. Quantum Entanglement is more Apparent in Semiconductor, Superconductor, and Nanomechanical Systems which are Nanometers in Size. But Quantum Entanglement Also Exists in Atomic Gas Clouds Millimeters in Size and in Photon Pairs Separated by Tens-to-Hundreds of Kilometers!
Schr Schrödin inger’s Cat A sealed and insulated box (A) contains a radioactive source (B) which has a 50% chance during the course of the "experiment" of triggering Geiger counter (C) which activates a mechanism (D) causing a hammer to smash a fl flask of prussic acid (E) and killing the cat (F). An observer (G) must open the box in order to collapse the state vector of the system into one of the two possible states. A second observer (H) may be needed to collapse the state vector of the larger system containing the fi first observer (G) and the apparatus (A-F).
Paradox? What Paradox!? (1.) The State of the Cat is (1.) The State of the Cat is “Entangled ntangled” with the Atom. with the Atom. (2.) The Cat is in a Simultaneous Superposition of Dead & Alive. (3.) Observers are Required to “Collapse” the Cat to Dead or Alive
Einstein Attacks Quantum Mechanics! (1930) Albert Boris Podolsky Nathan Rosen Einstein “If, without in any way disturbing a system, we can predict with certainty ... the value of a physical quantity, then there exists an element of physical reality corresponding to this physical quantity.”
Ein instein in Offers Cla lassic ical l Alt lternativ ive + A B A B Can the Spooky, Weird, Action-at-a-distance, Can the Spooky, Weird, Action-at-a-distance, Entanglement Predictions of Quantum Mechanics Entanglement Predictions of Quantum Mechanics… + A B A B …Be Replaced by Some Sort of Local, Intuitive, e Replaced by Some Sort of Local, Intuitive, Statistical, Classical (Hidden Variable) Theory? Statistical, Classical (Hidden Variable) Theory?
No! — John Bell ll (1960) John Bell The physical predictions of quantum theory disagree with The physical predictions of quantum theory disagree with those of any local (classical) hidden-variable theory! those of any local (classical) hidden-variable theory!
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