JLR standard abbreviation list 3D three-dimensional AA arachidonic acid AAV adeno-associated virus Ab antibody ABCA1 ATP binding cassette transporter A1 ACAT acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase AD Alzheimer’s disease ADP adenosine 5_-diphosphate (and similarly for (CDP, GDP, cytidine, guanosine, IDP, UDP, inosine, uridine XDP, TDP) xanthosine, thymidine AMP, etc. adenosine 5_-monophosphate, etc. ATP, etc. adenosine 5_-triphosphate, etc. ATPase, etc. adenosine 5_-triphosphatase, etc. ANOVA analysis of variance apo apolipoprotein ATCC American Tissue Culture Collection BCA bicinchoninic acid BMI body mass index bp base pair(s) BSA bovine serum albumin CAD coronary artery disease cAMP, etc. adenosine 3_,5_-cyclic monophosphate, etc. cDNA complementary DNA Cer ceramide CHAPS 3-(3-cholamidopropyl) diethyl-ammonio-1propanesulfonate ChIP chromatin immunoprecipitation CRISPR clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats Cryo-EM cryogenic electron microscopy C-terminal carboxy terminal CM cylomicron CNS central nervous system CoA and acyl-CoA coenzyme A and its acyl derivatives cpm counts per minute CVD cardiovascular disease Da Dalton*. Non-SI unit of mass (symbol Da) that is identical to the unified atomic mass unit DAG or DG diacylglycerol DEAE diethylaminoethyl DHA docosahexaenoic acid DIDS 4,4_-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2_-disulfonic acid DMEM Dulbecco’s modifi ed Eagle’s medium DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide DNA (double stranded) deoxyribonucleic acid DNase deoxyribonuclease Last Updated 3/29/19
ds double stranded (as in dsDNA) dpm disintegrations per minute DTNB 5,5_-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) DTT dithiothreitol EC50 concentration giving half-maximal response ECL enhanced chemiluminescence EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid EGTA ethylene glycol-bis(_-aminoethyl ether)- N,N,N',N' -tetraacetic acid EI Electron ionization*. Ionization of an atom or molecule by electrons that are typically accelerated to energies between 10 and 150 eV in order to remove one or more electrons from the molecule ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay EM Electron microscopy eNOS endothelial nitric-oxide synthase EPA eicosapentaenoic acid ERK extracellular signal-regulated kinase ESI Electrospray ionization. A process in which ionized species in the gas phase are produced from a solution via highly charged fine droplets by means of spraying the solution from a narrow-bore needle tip at atmospheric pressure in the presence of a high electric field ESR or EPR electron spin resonance or electron paramagnetic resonance FA fatty acid FAS, FASN fatty acid synthase FBS, FCS fetal bovine serum, fetal calf serum FFA free fatty acid FITC fluorescein isothiocyanate FPLC fast protein liquid chromatography FRET fluorescence resonance energy transfer GC and GC-MS gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry GFP Green fluorescent protein GSH, GSSG reduced and oxidized glutathione GWAS genome-wide association study HFD high fat diet HDL high density lipoprotein HEPES N -2-hydroxyethylpiperazine- N _-2-ethanesulfonic acid HETE hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid HMG-CoA 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA HPLC high-performance liquid chromatography IC50 concentration giving half-maximal inhibition IDL intermediate density lipoprotein IgG, etc. immunoglobulin G, etc. IFN interferon Kb kilobase(s) Km Michaelis-Menten constant KO knockout LCAT lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase Last Updated 3/29/19
LC/MS (/MS) Online connection of the effluent of an HPLC column to a mass spectrometer or tandem mass spectrometer. Mass spectra of eluting components are obtained without prior isolation LDL low density lipoprotein LDLR LDL receptor LPC lysophosphatidylcholine LPL lipoprotein lipase mAb monoclonal antibody MALDI Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization*. Formation of gas-phase ions from molecules that are present in a solid or liquid matrix that is irradiated with a pulsed laser MEM Eagle’s minimum essential medium MES 2-( N -morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid MI myocardial infarction MOPS 3-( N -morpholino)propanesulfonic acid MRI magnetic resonance imaging MRM multiple reaction monitoring MS mass spectrometry MS n multi-stage MS/MS experiments designed to record product ion spectra where n is the number of product ion stages (progeny ions). For ion traps, sequential MS/MS experiments can be undertaken where n > 2 whereas for a simple triple qudrupole system, n = 2*. When n = 3, MS/MS/MS experiments yield product ions from product ions mTOR mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin MUFA monounsaturated fatty acid m/z mass-to-charge ratio, from mass spectral data NAD nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NADH reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NADP nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NADPH reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NASH Nonalcoholic steatophepatitis NAFLD Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease NCBI National Center for Biotechnical Information NEFA nonesterified fatty acid NMR nuclear magnetic resonance NO nitric oxide N-terminal amino-terminal OCT optimal cutting temperature PA phosphatidic acid (PC, PE, PG, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, PI, PS) phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine PAGE polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis PBS phosphate-buffered saline PCR polymerase chain reaction PIPES piperazine- N-N _-bis(2-ethanesulfonic acid) PIP2 phosphatidylinositol diphosphate PMA phorbol myristate acetate PMSF phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride Last Updated 3/29/19
POPC palmitoyloleoyl phosphatidylcholine PPAR peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor PUFA polyunsaturated fatty acid QRTPCR quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction Rf In thin layer chromatography, the distance traveled by a substance divided by that traveled by the solvent front RIA, RIPA radioimmunoassay, radioimmunoprecipitation assay RNA, mRNA, ribonucleic acid, messenger RNA, (miRNA, nRNA, micro RNA, nuclear RNA, shRNA, siRNA, short hairpin RNA, small interfering RNA, snoRNA, rRNA, small nucleolar RNA, ribosomal RNA, tRNA) transfer RNA RNAi RNA interference RNase ribonuclease ROS reactive oxygen species rpm revolutions per minute RT room temperature S1P sphingosine-1-phosphate SDS sodium dodecyl sulfate SM sphingomyelin SMase sphingomyelinase SNP single nucleotide polymorphism T2D type 2 diabetes TBS Tris-buffered saline TCA trichloroacetic acid TG triglyceride TLC thin-layer chromatography TOF time-of-flight Tris tris(hydroxymethyl)amino methane UPLC ultra performance liquid chromatography UV ultraviolet VLDL very low-density lipoprotein Vmax maximum velocity WD Western diet WT wild type *Note: Standard abbreviations for the International System of Units (SI) are required for use in JLR manuscripts. These can be found at the National Institute of Standards and Technology at https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/units.html. Last Updated 3/29/19
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