Jeffrey L. Reynolds, Ph.D, CEAP, SAP President/CEO Family and Children’s Association (FCA) April 1, 2019
Relevant Experience President/CEO, FCA Current member, Governor’s Regulated Former Executive Director, Marijuana Workgroup Long Island Council on (Appointed by Governor Alcoholism and Drug Andrew Cuomo) Dependence (LICADD) Board Member, NYS Current member, NYS Council for Community Heroin and Opioids Task Behavioral Healthcare Force (Appointed by Governor Andrew Cuomo) Former NYS Coordinator, SAM
The National Landscape Nine states (Alaska, All other states, Guam and California, Colorado, Puerto Rico allow medical Maine, Massachusetts, cannabis, though 16 states Nevada, Oregon, Vermont, allow only for "low THC, Washington) and high cannabidiol (CBD)" Washington DC have legal products for medical recreational & medical reasons in limited cannabis. situations or as a legal defense. In four states (Idaho, Kansas, Nebraska and NJ will likely legalize by South Dakota) cannabis end of year remains illegal. Canada – 10/2018
Marijuana Policies
New York State’s Proposal Long standing medical County Opt-out provisions program OCM Age 21+ Decriminalization Tax revenues
Shift in Public Opinion Public opinion – polls Failed war on drugs Opioid crisis Fiscal crisis Social Media
Gallup Polling
Pew Research Center About six-in-ten Americans support marijuana legalization Majorities of Millennials (74%), Gen Xers (63%) and Baby Boomers (54%) say the use of marijuana should be legal.
Among US Adults
Use Linked to Support
Relative Risks
Legal Status Matters
Not Really Just For Fun …
As Perceived Risk Decreases … Past month use of marijuana is noticeably greater in states that have legalized among those 12+ by 7.6% (legal: 16%; non: 8.5%), 12-17 by 2.8% (9.1%; 6.3%), and 18+ by 8.7% (17.4%; 8.7%). Past year use of marijuana is noticeably greater in states that have legalized among those 12+ by 10% (legal: 23.48%; non: 13.43%), 12-17 by 3.7% (15.7%; 12%), and 18+ by 10.5% (24.1%; 13.6%). In 2017, past month marijuana use among 12-17 year-olds was highest in Vermont (10.75%), followed by Oregon (10.35%). In 2017, past year marijuana use among 12-17 year-olds was highest in Vermont (17.88%), followed by Oregon (17.01%).
Use Increases In 2017, perception of risk from smoking marijuana once a month among 12-17 year-olds was lowest in CO (16.21%), followed by OR (16.84%). WA saw a significant increase among 12+ and 18+ year-olds reporting both past month & year use in 2017, vs 2016. OR saw a significant increase among 12+ and 18+ year-olds reporting both past month & year use in 2017, vs 2016. D.C. saw a significant increase among 12+ and 18+ year-olds reporting past month use in 2017, vs 2016. CA saw a significant increase among 12+ and 18+ year-olds reporting both past month and year use in 2017, compared to 2016.
Game Changers • The marijuana industry took in nearly $9 billion in sales in 2017, according to BDS Analytics, which tracks the cannabis industry. Sales are equivalent to the entire snack bar industry, or to annual revenue from Pampers diapers. $21 billion by 2021. • The pot industry employed 121,000 people in 2017. If marijuana continues its growth trajectory, the number of workers in that field could reach 292,000 by 2021, according to BDS Analytics. • Sales of CBD, or cannabidiol, derived from both hemp and marijuana, totaled $360 million last year, according to Sean Murphy, publisher of the Hemp Business Journal. He said it's expected to grow to $1.1 billion by 2020 and $1.8 billion by 2022.
Game Changers
Game Changers
Game Changers
Key Facts about Marijuana Smoked=works fast THC stimulates the CBRs artificially, disrupting function of the natural, or Delta-9- endogenous, cannabinoids. tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) An overstimulation of these is main active ingredient receptors in key brain areas produces the marijuana THC binds to cannabinoid "high," as well as other receptors (CBRs) located on effects on mental processes. the surface of nerve cells. These receptors are found in Average potency of high-density in areas of the marijuana has risen steadily brain that influence pleasure, for three decades now memory, thinking, exceeds 10% and goes up to concentration, movement, 30% coordination, and sensory and time perception. Contamination is an issue.
“Motor Skills” Driving is probably the most Movement complex psychomotor task undertaken by everyday Coordination people on a routine basis. Learning Memory Visual perception, visual processing, and visual- spatial skills Selective and divided attention Executive skills
Marijuana and Driving
Marijuana and Driving .
The research Using a driving simulator, marijuana use before driving seriously impacted The Institute of Medicine skills. Roadside alertness is severely (IOM) - “For most people, diminished as is concentration, motor coordination and the ability to react the primary adverse effect quickly. of acute marijuana use is diminished psychomotor performance. It is therefore inadvisable to operate any Research subjects found it difficult to judge distance and react appropriately vehicle or potentially to roadside signals and sounds after dangerous equipment smoking marijuana. These effects were while under the influence still present in the research subjects 24 of marijuana, THC- Δ 9 or hours later, demonstrating that the impairment continued long after the any cannabinoid drug with “high” was gone (Liguori, Gatto & comparable effects” (1999). Robinson, 1998).
More research Marijuana is the illicit drug used Columbia University did a most often (70%) by drivers who meta-analysis of nine drove after drug use and is a epidemiologic studies and major factor why car crashes are found that drivers who test the leading cause of death for positive for marijuana or who American young people report using marijuana are more (NHTSA, 2000). than twice as likely as other drivers to be involved in motor vehicle crashes. The researchers also found evidence that crash risk increases with the concentration Research indicates that 28% of of marijuana-produced driver fatalities and more than compounds in the urine and the 11% of the general driver frequency of self-reported population tested positive for marijuana use. non-alcohol drugs, with marijuana being the most commonly detected substance.
Pot and alcohol combined NHTSA investigators Marijuana and low doses of reported that THC- Δ 9- alcohol (.04 BAC, less than impaired drivers were two drinks in an hour) more likely to fall asleep interact additively to during prolonged vehicle produce greater operation. impairment for drivers than the sum of changes that each drug produces separately.
Challenge for Law Enforcement Time Magazine: 7% of Determining the precise California Drivers Test role of marijuana in traffic Positive for Marijuana, but deaths is more complicated are They Impaired? than studying alcohol because THC levels are not always directly linked with levels of impairment the How impaired are they? way blood alcohol levels are. THC can remain in blood and saliva for highly variable times after the last use of the drug.
Impact on Kids Developing brain How do we Dependence mitigate Link to psychosis potential Decision-making downsides? The “gateway theory” Connection to vaping Approach to prevention
Action Steps Talk about it Some conversations are better had at another time Ask questions Model the behavior you Stay alert want to see in your kids If you see something, say Use the resources around something you. Trust your gut Ok to start again
Contact info Jeffrey L. Reynolds, Ph.D LICADD President/CEO Tempo Group Family and Children’s Association (FCA) 516-746-0350 jreynolds@fcali.org
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