National Sovereignty - Military Approaches RHID Colloquium – 28 Nov 2013 Jacques ROSIERS , Ir Amiral de division e.r. – Aide de camp honoraire du Roi Association euro-atlantique de Belgique – Président-général Institut royal supérieur de Défense – Senior Fellow
National Sovereignty - Military Approaches RHID Colloquium – 28 Nov 2013 National Sovereignty: Political and Military Approaches, Defence Industry Jacques ROSIERS , Ir Amiral de division e.r. – Aide de camp honoraire du Roi Association euro-atlantique de Belgique – Président-général Institut royal supérieur de Défense – Senior Fellow ASSOCIATION EURO-ATLANTIQUE DE BELGIQUE A.S.B.L. - Membre de l’Association du Traité de l’Atlantique (ATA) Sous la Présidence d’Honneur du Comte Pierre Harmel†, Ministre d’Etat
National Sovereignty - Military Approaches RHID Colloquium – 28 Nov 2013 National Sovereignty: Political and Military Approaches, Defence Industry ° The nature of National Sovereignty – a Military Perspective ° Military Approaches: - The Challenges of the Future – Strategic Autonomy - Factors determining the Military Capabilities ASSOCIATION EURO-ATLANTIQUE DE BELGIQUE A.S.B.L. - Membre de l’Association du Traité de l’Atlantique (ATA) Sous la Présidence d’Honneur du Comte Pierre Harmel†, Ministre d’Etat
National Sovereignty - Military Approaches RHID Colloquium PLAN • Introduction • 1 . Military Perspectives 2. Military Considerations • • Geopolitical Questions • A Strategic View • Europe’s View Capability Development • • Strengthening EU Defence Capabilities • National Considerations • Conclusion • Q & A 29/11/2013 4
National Sovereignty - Military Approaches RHID Colloquium INTRODUCTION • Sovereignty • The frontispiece of Thomas Hobbes’ Leviathan, depicting the Sovereign as a massive body wielding a sword and crozier and composed of many individual people “ The supreme, absolute, and uncontrollable power by which an independent • state is governed and from which all specific political powers are derived; the intentional independence of a state, combined with the right and power of regulating its internal affairs without foreign interference ”. 29/11/2013 5
National Sovereignty - Military Approaches RHID Colloquium INTRODUCTION • Sovereignty (Cont’d) • “The State as a person of international law should possess the following qualifications : • (a) a permanent population; (b) a defined territory; (c) government; • (d) a capacity to enter into relations with other States” • “Sovereignty in the sense of contemporary international law denotes the basic international legal status of a State that is not subject , within its territorial jurisdiction, to the governmental , executive , legislative , or judicial jurisdiction of a foreign State or to foreign law other than public international law ” 29/11/2013 6
National Sovereignty - Military Approaches RHID Colloquium INTRODUCTION • Sovereignty (Cont’d) • “Sovereignty is traditionally understood to represent the summa potestas or supreme power of command inherent in the concept of the State” 29/11/2013 7
National Sovereignty - Military Approaches RHID Colloquium 1. MILITARY PERSPECTIVES • “Sovereignty … supreme power of command …” Officer’s OATH: “... Loyalty to the King, Obedience to the Constitution and to the Laws of the Belgian People ” photo ERM 29/11/2013 8
National Sovereignty - Military Approaches RHID Colloquium 1. MILITARY PERSPECTIVES • “Sovereignty … supreme power of command …” King’s OATH: “... Obey the Constitution to the King and to the Laws of the Belgian People, Maintain the national Independence And the Territorial Integrity ” 29/11/2013 9
National Sovereignty - Military Approaches RHID Colloquium 1. MILITARY PERSPECTIVES • “Sovereignty … supreme power of command …” photo ERM 29/11/2013 10
National Sovereignty - Military Approaches RHID Colloquium 1. MILITARY PERSPECTIVES • “Sovereignty … supreme power of command …” photo ERM Sovereignty resides in the body of the nation and belongs to the people These powers are generally exercised by delegation Sovereignty is naturally divided into 3 great powers: The Legislative, the Executive, and the Judiciary 29/11/2013 11
National Sovereignty - Military Approaches RHID Colloquium 1. MILITARY PERSPECTIVES Sovereignty in the Military • A mission • A Clear Line of Command – Full Command – Operational Command – Tactical Command • The Rules and Accountability • A Reporting Line 29/11/2013 12
National Sovereignty - Military Approaches RHID Colloquium 2. MILITARY CONSIDERATIONS Geopolitical Questions (10 ) • Migration – The Right to Move everywhere: Frontiers or Fortresses ? – Failing States and Welfare States! • Gender and Women empowered • The 3-dimensional War in a Globalized World – Territorial Disputes – The Inherent Right of Peoples to Self-Determination – Democracy : The Violent Struggle against Power • Feeding the World – Food Self-Sufficiency – Agriculture & Market Rules – Regulated World Market & Support for the Poor Peasants 29/11/2013 13
National Sovereignty - Military Approaches RHID Colloquium 2. MILITARY CONSIDERATIONS Geopolitical Questions (10 ) (Cont’d) • • An Aging World in Transition – Generational Struggle – Fragmentation of the World – World Management of Populations • Marketization of the World – a New Geopolitics – Environment – Health • Oil ... and later? – Energy & Industrial Commodity – Reserves – Increasing Demand – Technological Alternatives 29/11/2013 14
National Sovereignty - Military Approaches RHID Colloquium 2. MILITARY CONSIDERATIONS Geopolitical Questions (10) (Cont’d & end) • • Common Goods of Humanity – Rules & management – Rallying All the Actors / the Engaged – Structures, Procedures & Norms • Disasters & Epidemics • Extra-atmospheric Space – Presence of National Assets – Militarization – Appropriation of the Geostationary Orbits – Technological Alternatives – Regulation 29/11/2013 15
National Sovereignty - Military Approaches RHID Colloquium 2. MILITARY CONSIDERATIONS A Strategic View • Sovereignty and dependency – The Strategist’s Obsessions: • Maintain Freedom to Undertake • Be Capable to Act • Have Room to Manoeuvre – Budgetary Constraint > Strategic Analysis – Most Weaknesses of the States are in Non-Military Domains – Interdependency undermines Strategic Thinking • Analyze Ambitions & Dependencies • Collective Fate • Set of Questions (4) 29/11/2013 16
National Sovereignty - Military Approaches RHID Colloquium 2. MILITARY CONSIDERATIONS A Strategic View (Cont’d) • • A Filling World and a Change of centre of Gravity – The Receding Western (European) Ruling World: • Receding Population • Peace in Response to Wars – Economic Competition • Refrain of Military Power • “ Borderless ” Europe – How to Decide in an Interdependent Environment? • Undermines Strategic Analysis and Thinking • Regional Security versus World Economy What / Whom to protect? What to promote? With whom? 29/11/2013 17
National Sovereignty - Military Approaches RHID Colloquium 2. MILITARY CONSIDERATIONS A Strategic View (Cont’d) • • Vulnerabilities are Costing and falling Out of Scope ! – The Internal Vulnerabilities: • Affecting seriously the Social Compact • Weakening the Citizen-to-the-State Linkage – The External Vulnerabilities: • Health & Food Security, ... • Criminal & Trafficking Activities • Cyber – Internal & External Security Interwoven – How to keep Political – Social Cohesion ? – Home –State Security is Infra- & Transnational What to strengthen? – What to mobilize? - For whom? 29/11/2013 18
National Sovereignty - Military Approaches RHID Colloquium 2. MILITARY CONSIDERATIONS A Strategic View (Cont’d) • • The “ Ultima Ratio ” of the State is Changing while: – The State Power has to act in Non-Military Affairs , and – The Military Action has to happen in Non-Interstate Conflict scenario’s • National Territory at the margins of the Military Theatre • Framework of Acting Armed Forces not under Own Military Control: Constabulary or International Organizations – The Military Equation : • To sacrifice Military Efficiency & Reactivity • To share Burden & Risk – The Military Deal : How to: • Keep a Territorial Defence capabilities? • Have an Expeditionary Force • Keep the Military as a Last Resort Instrument What to develop? – What to tell? – With whom to engage? 29/11/2013 19
National Sovereignty - Military Approaches RHID Colloquium 2. MILITARY CONSIDERATIONS A Strategic View (Cont’d) • • New Capabilities are needed for Today & Tomorrow: – To cope with the Dilution & Atrophy of the Military Capacity • To protect our Citizens • To reduce our Vulnerabilities • To defend our Interests – The Political Deal: • Freedom & Prosperity are binding the Citizen to the State • The Military has a renewed Utility in Tomorrows World a Today’s States – Comprehensive Approach and Global security • Cyber • Surveillance and Protection of Vital Supplies • Shared Rebuilding of Security Forces in Unstable States / Regions • Manoeuvre Capabilities Security and Defence for a fluid, diverse, changing globalized world! 29/11/2013 20
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