IWEC 2014 Presentation Conference Paper September 2014 CITATIONS - PDF document

See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281446613 IWEC 2014 Presentation Conference Paper · September 2014 CITATIONS READS 0 40 4 authors , including: David Fernández de Rucoba Álvaro Rodríguez 32 PUBLICATIONS 27 CITATIONS 15 PUBLICATIONS 10 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Raul Rodriguez Arias Tecnalia 26 PUBLICATIONS 59 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: 1st Symposium on Marine Corrosion: Industry and Scientific Challenges in Marine Corrosion View project HARSH LAB View project All content following this page was uploaded by David Fernández de Rucoba on 03 September 2015. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

DEGRADATION AND CORROSION TESTING OF MATERIALS AND COATING SYSTEMS FOR OFFSHORE WIND TURBINE SUBSTRUCTURES IN NORTH SEA WATERS D. FERNÁNDEZ, R. RODRÍGUEZ, A. RODRÍGUEZ AND A. YEDRA Confidential information from CTC. 1 Reproduction, copying, use, distribution, commercialization, public communication or any other activity that may be done with the content of this document is prohibited without written permission.

Fundación Centro Tecnológico de Componentes (CTC) The Technological Centre of Components Foundation (CTC) was created in the year 2000 as a non-profit foundation. It is recognized as a Technology Center by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness. Within the various fields of knowledge, the CTC is positioned in Experimental Sciences and Engineering. CTC develops its R. & D. activity in the following fields: Industrial Systems and Nuclear Components, Marine Renewable Energies, Industrial Automation and Robotics and Advanced Materials and Nanomaterials . CTC has an Office located in Santander, North of Spain. Our headquarters are located in: Scientific and Technological Park of Cantabria (PCTCAN). Confidential information from CTC. 2 Reproduction, copying, use, distribution, commercialization, public communication or any other activity that may be done with the content of this document is prohibited without written permission.

0. Index 1. Introduction 2. Experimental 3. Results 4. Conclusions 5. Future work and Acknowledgements Confidential information from CTC. 3 Reproduction, copying, use, distribution, commercialization, public communication or any other activity that may be done with the content of this document is prohibited without written permission.

1. Introduction Surface damage in OWT due to: • Corrosion • Polymer degradation • Wear • Marine biofouling Protection techniques for OWT studied: • Coatings (antifouling and protective) • Corrosion resistant materials • Free corrosion • Improvement by addition of nanofillers Image source: R.E. Sheppard et al., "Inspection Guidance for Offshore Wind Turbine Facilities" OTC 20656, 2010 and Intern. Zinc Association (http://www.zinc.org/info/corrosion_protection_for_off_shore_wind_energy_applications). Confidential information from CTC. 4 Reproduction, copying, use, distribution, commercialization, public communication or any other activity that may be done with the content of this document is prohibited without written permission.

1. Introduction Scope of the study presented herein: • Mechanical properties of composites environmentally affected • Wire-on-bolt characterization of exposure sites • Visual appearance of materials and coatings after exposure (marine biofouling...) Corrosive severity of the exposure sites with Wire-on-bolt (CLIMAT) specimens (literature- Roberge P.R.) using MCI, Marine Corrosion Index: MCI Range Classification Significance 0-2 Negligible Average Habitable Area 2-5 Moderate Seaside 5-10 Moderately Severe Seaside and Exposed 10-20 Severe Very Exposed >20 Very Severe Very Exposed, Wind and Sand Swept Confidential information from CTC. 5 Reproduction, copying, use, distribution, commercialization, public communication or any other activity that may be done with the content of this document is prohibited without written permission.

1. Introduction CoMaRE Exposure sites: CTC (Atmospheric ) Fraunhofer IWES (Marine) • Wire-on-bolt coupons • Mooring systems: chains, ropes… • Standards coupons with and without coatings. • Coupons of pre-preg composite used in blades. • Coupons for accelerated tests. Project Web pages: http://ctcomponentes.es/en/comare-2/#/[10]50/1/0 http://www.fp7-marinet.eu/access-menu-post-access-reports_comarephase1.html http://www.fp7-marinet.eu/access_completed-projects_CoMaRE_phaseII.html Confidential information from CTC. 6 Reproduction, copying, use, distribution, commercialization, public communication or any other activity that may be done with the content of this document is prohibited without written permission.

2. Experimental Specimens GFR UPS with 0,1 % MWCNT Pre-preg epoxy composite GFR UPS without MWCNT Mooring chain slide R3S with TSA + topcoat S355 J2+N Bare Steel Mooring chain slide R3S Wire-on-bolt: Fibre rope pieces Al-Cu, Al-Fe, Al-PVC, with steel core Al (spiral). wire galvanized Note: Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT) were dispersed in the composite matrix using three roll mill technique. Confidential information from CTC. 7 Reproduction, copying, use, distribution, commercialization, public communication or any other activity that may be done with the content of this document is prohibited without written permission.

2. Experimental Environmental tests For the environmental tests, different exposure times were selected for each coupon: 1.UPS composite coupons : 8,5 months → atmospheric, splash, tidal and submerged. 2.Pre-preg epoxy composite coupons: 12 months (still ongoing) → atmospheric, splash and tidal. 3.Bare steel: 15 months (still ongoing). → splash, tidal and submerged. 4.Mooring chain slide coupons: 6, 12, 18 and 24 months (still ongoing). → splash, tidal and submerged. 5.Fibre rope coupons: 12 and 24 months. (still ongoing) → splash and tidal. 6.Wire-on-bolt specimens: ASTM G116 standardized, 3 months. Environment Type Coating Splash Tidal Submerged Atmosph. Lab GFR UPS - 3 3 3 3 6 GFR UPS with MWCNT - 3 3 3 3 6 Pre-Preg GFR Epoxy - 3 3 - 3 - Bare Steel - 3 3 3 - - R3S chain slide - 8 8 8 - - R3S chain slide TSA+topcoat 8 8 8 - - Fibre ropes Zn Galvanized 12 12 - - - Wire-on-bolt - 1 - - 1 - Total project: 170 test coupons. Confidential information from CTC. 8 Reproduction, copying, use, distribution, commercialization, public communication or any other activity that may be done with the content of this document is prohibited without written permission.

3. Results Composites The results of tensile tests and weight analysis of GFRP (with and without MWCNT) :  Weight gain in marine vs. weight loss in atmospheric  ↑ mechanical properties retention after exposure for the same sample additivated with MWCNT. 0,75%  ↑GFC indicates ↑max. Tensile stress 0,60% Before After 0,45% Net weight variation[%] 0,30% 0,15% 0,00% without MWCNT with MWCNT -0,15% -0,30% -0,45% Splash a Tidal a Submerged a Atmospheric b Confidential information from CTC. 9 Reproduction, copying, use, distribution, commercialization, public communication or any other activity that may be done with the content of this document is prohibited without written permission.

3. Results Composites a) Properties retention in max. tensile stress [%] 120% 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% without with MWCNT MWCNT Splash a 99,76% 103,68% Tidal a 98,36% 100,77% Submerged a 92,34% 99,76% Atmospheric b 88,38% 93,54% Confidential information from CTC. 10 Reproduction, copying, use, distribution, commercialization, public communication or any other activity that may be done with the content of this document is prohibited without written permission.

3. Results Wire-on-bolt and visual appearance Specimens Al/Cu Al/Fe Al/PVC Al/Spiral MCI Classification S1 Helgoland 33,27 % 29,42 % 0,58 % 0,29 % 29 Very severe S2 Santander 2,83 % 3,10 % 0,05 % 0,14 % 3 Moderate Submerged Tidal Splash Splash Splash Tidal Confidential information from CTC. 11 Reproduction, copying, use, distribution, commercialization, public communication or any other activity that may be done with the content of this document is prohibited without written permission.

4. Conclusions 1. Composite GFR unsaturated polyester showed ↓ reduction in the maximum tensile stress with MWCNT in each sample. ↑ losses of strength were observed in submerged environment. 2. Corrosivity Indexes (MCI and ACI) have been assessed with wire-on-bolt specimens and good agreement with theoretical values of each location. 3. Composite coupons in tidal and submerged conditions were colonized by marine biofouling. ↓ biofouling has grown over metallic coupons , probably due to the detachment of rust outer layers, which ↓ steel thickness. Galvanized steel wire core of fibre ropes was corroded, and these coupons showed biofouling (incl. green algae, barnacles…) in tidal zone. 4. TSA coating provided an effective corrosion protection to the mooring slide chain samples, but in tidal and submerged zones was clearly damaged (especially the topcoat) by foulants, generating a rough surface finish. Confidential information from CTC. 12 Reproduction, copying, use, distribution, commercialization, public communication or any other activity that may be done with the content of this document is prohibited without written permission.