Moldova: IT Education research Bagrat Yengibaryan Director, Enterprise Incubator Foundation February 20.02.2020
1. Overview of the Current State - IT Sector - IT job market - Education
1.1 IT Sector
IT sector was one of the major drivers for Moldova’s economic growth. Export of ICT services IT Export by type of services Others (magaement, Quality Export of IT servicies, mln US$ Share of IT in Total exports, % Assurance) R&D 7% Engineering BPO 11% 10,5 12% 10 8,9 7,3 8,5 149 6,2 6,1 99 79,15 71,01 70,02 IT Services 61,49 55,84 70% 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Source: IDC, 2019. Source: Invest Moldova Number of Employees in ICT sector (2018) The IT sector contributed to 6% of total GDP in Moldova. The export of service focus is across multiple industries, especially in Government, Banking Telecommunic and Telecom sectors. IT; 14000 ations; 12000 70% are IT services mainly exported to Western Europe (45%), US & Canada (21%) and CEE (18%). Source: Invest Moldova 4 Labor Productivity for 2018 is $22,000
ICT Service exports are biggest proportion in high-tech exports, but still staying behind among regional countries. Moldova ICT service exports vs other high-tech exports, 2009-17 (US$) ICT service exports per capita, 1995 to 2017 (US$) Regional Comparators 250 200 ICT service exports (per capita, current mln US$) 180 200 160 $ US Millions 140 Albania 120 Armenia 150 100 Romania 80 Ukraine 100 60 Kosovo 40 20 Belarus 50 0 Moldova 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Georgia 0 High-technology exports (current US$) ICT goods exports (current US$) ICT service exports (BoP, current US$) ICT services exports include computer and communications services (telecommunications and postal and courier services) and information services (computer data, news-related service transactions). ICT goods exports include hardware such as computers and peripheral equipment, communication equipment, consumer electronic equipment, electronic components, and other information and technology goods (miscellaneous ). Other high-technology exports are products with high R&D intensity, such as in aerospace, computers, pharmaceuticals, scientific instruments, and electrical machinery. Source: (World Bank, 2019). 5
1.2 IT Job Market
Moldova is facing limited human capital accumulation and low levels of innovation among firms. Skill mismatch is one of the main factors behind these issues . Number of Employees in IT Number of Companies in IT 14000 1100 1200 The Number of companies 1000 is growing with CAGR 12, 779 9301 703 5%, meaning that in 2023 800 8384 8093 618 7678 572 there will be ~2000 600 483 6289 companies in the IT sector. 400 200 0 The Number of employees 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2018 is growing with CAGR 12%, 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2018 meaning that in 2023 there Source: NBS Moldova Source: NBS Moldova will be ~25000 people employed in the IT sector. Occupation in IT market Avg. Software Developer salary, (EUR/month), 2019 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Programmer The salaries of IT sector are Moldova 1020 System Engineer the highest in Moldova, and Bulgaria 1300 lowest among neighboring Project Manager countries. Tester Romania 1460 One of the reason of Analysts (business/system/testing) Hungary emigration of qualified 1530 Database Specialists specialists is also the highest Poland 1640 salaries in other countries, Consultanats / Trainers Ukraine 1850 such as Romania, Ukraine, Software Architects UK, etc. Czeh Republic 1900 WebDesigner Customer Support UK 2970 7 Other 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 Source: Invest Moldova Source: USAID
Despite the number of graduates from universities, companies struggle with qualified personnel, hence there is a problem of quality than quantity. Where the employees are coming from? Demand for specific ICT skills 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 0 10 20 30 40 50 UTM JAVA Javascript USM PHP Python ASEM C/C++ Visual Basic Other Ruby C# Colleges Perl Swift Oher universities, private Delphi Object Pasca Cobol Universities out of the country Groovy Windows Most employees Quite a lot of employees Few employees The fewest employees Linux (Unix) Mobile Source: USAID Other Reason for lack of specialists My SQL MS SQL 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Security testing Automation The level of training of the labor force in… Analysis Manual testing Our company works with specific… Performance testing Potential employees will request too… Source: USAID 4-They Need it 3 2 We have no applicants / nobody shows… There is a shortage of 1000 employees annually and Other Companies spend on average 6 months for additional I don't know training to upskill the employees. 8 Basic reason Second important reason Third important reason Source: USAID
1.3 Education
Shrinking education due to demographics and migration issues. 1.550 Number of Pupils 1.489 1.500 1.460 1.450 Number of Pupils (thousand) 1.396 1.374 1.400 1.347 1.323 1.350 397 1.291 381 1.300 367 1.243 353 1.250 341 336 336 335 1.200 1.150 1.100 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 Institutions of primary and general secondary education Source: NBS Moldova Source: NBS Moldova Number of students in secondary vocational Number of secondary vocational institutions institutions 80 25000 70 20000 60 50 15000 40 10000 30 5000 20 0 10 0 2010/112011/122012/132013/142014/152015/162016/172017/182018/19 10 Vocational schools Centres of excellence Schools of trades Total Schools of trades Vocational schools Centres of excellence Total Source: NBS Moldova Source: NBS Moldova
Decreasing number of Students & Graduates at higher education institutions (HEI) in STEM related fields : 14% of STEM vs 48% Law and Economics. Number of students at HEI in STEM Number of HEI vs other areas Public Private 100000 90000 Out of 29 universities and 15 15 14 13 12 12 11 10 45 colleges , only in 14 of universities and 6 colleges 80000 are thought IT related Engineering and 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 related activities studies. 70000 Natural science 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 60000 Chemical technology and biotechnology Source: NBS Moldova There are 2000 graduates Exact science yearly with degrees in IT, 50000 Number of Graduates from HEI in STEM (Cycle I) (2010-2016) Engineering and Math. Total Natural science 2500 Exact science 40000 Computer science students 2150 2116 Engineering and 2000 related activities account for 6% of the total 1951 1942 Chemical technology and biotechnology 30000 number of graduates 1564 1500 (Moldova It strategy, 1399 1394 2016) 20000 1000 10000 500 11 0 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2010/112011/122012/132013/142014/152015/162016/17 Source: NBS Moldova Source: NBS Moldova
There is a place for improvement for STEM education in Moldova on regional & global scale. TOP 20 PISA 2018 International Rankings. PISA scores 2018 1 B-S-J-Z (China) 2 Singapore • Science Math 52 nd according to PISA -2018: 3 Macao (China) students in Moldova scored lower 4 Estonia than the OECD and CEE average in 5 Japan 463 CEE average 6 Finland mathematics and science, although 467 7 Korea improved scores since 2012 8 Canada • 103 rd in the world in terms of 428 9 Hong Kong (China) Moldova quality of educational systems by 10 Chinese Taipei 421 11 Poland WEF. 12 New Zealand 63 rd in Human Capital Index out of • 489 13 Slovenia OECD average 130 countries, 62 nd in younger age 14 United Kingdom 489 group 15 Netherlands 86 t h in GCI out of 141 countries, • Source: OECD, 2019 108 th in innovation capabilities M O L D O V A R A N K I N G I N P I S A 2 0 1 8 B Y • S C I E N C E 71 st out of 139 in Network 75 M O L D O V A R A N K I N G I N P I S A 2 0 1 8 B Y M A T H S 73 Reediness Index 75 66 59 • 59 th out of 175 in ICT Development 55 52 48 Index 37 20 17 16 19 18 16 8 12 6 4 E S T O N I A F I N L A N D S W E D E NG E R M A N Y U N I T E D S T A T E S A L B A N I AM O L D O V AG E O R G I A K O S O V O E S T O N I A F I N L A N D G E R M A N Y U N I T E D S T A T E S S W E D E N M O L D O V A A L B A N I A G E O R G I A K O S O V O
Education Initiatives mapping Junior Middle Kids Senior / Teachers (working with students (working with post-graduate young people <30) (working with students (working with senior talent >30, studying at universities) studying at schools)) including teachers) USM Educational Robotics UTM Tekwill Ambassadors ASEM Program Future Classroom LAB USCH State University of Bălți Coder Dojo Future Classroom LAB ULIM UPS “ I. Creanga ” TwentyTU TEACH ME Tiraspol State University Tekwill Academy Kids Comrat State University Dual Vocational Education and Training (VET) by GIZ Colleges Novoteca VanAr IT training Center ProDidactica FabLab GirlsGoIT CIRCLE Labs Tekwill Academy Dual Vocational Education and Training (VET) by GIZ 13 OPTIM program
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