INVISIBLE STIMULI Bradley N. Jack Discipline of Psychology, School - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

P REDICTION OF VISION FROM INVISIBLE STIMULI Bradley N. Jack Discipline of Psychology, School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, Australia

W HAT IS VISUAL MISMATCH NEGATIVITY ? Background Experiment Results & Discussion Data from Kimura et al. (2009, 2010); Figure from Kimura (2012).

W HAT IS VISUAL MISMATCH NEGATIVITY ? Background Experiment Results & Discussion Data from Kimura et al. (2009, 2010); Figure from Kimura (2012).

W HAT IS VISUAL MISMATCH NEGATIVITY ? Background Experiment Results & Discussion Data from Kimura et al. (2009, 2010); Figure from Kimura (2012).

W HAT IS VISUAL MISMATCH NEGATIVITY ? Background Experiment Results & Discussion Data from Kimura et al. (2009, 2010); Figure from Kimura (2012).

W HAT IS VISUAL MISMATCH NEGATIVITY ? Background Experiment Results & Discussion Data from Kimura et al. (2009, 2010); Figure from Kimura (2012).

W HAT IS VISUAL MISMATCH NEGATIVITY ? Background Experiment Results & Discussion Data from Kimura et al. (2009, 2010); Figure from Kimura (2012).

W HAT IS VISUAL MISMATCH NEGATIVITY ? Background Experiment Results & Discussion Data from Kimura et al. (2009, 2010); Figure from Kimura (2012).

W HAT IS VISUAL MISMATCH NEGATIVITY ? Background Experiment Results & Discussion Data from Kimura et al. (2009, 2010); Figure from Kimura (2012).

W HAT IS VISUAL MISMATCH NEGATIVITY ? Background Experiment Results & Discussion Data from Kimura et al. (2009, 2010); Figure from Kimura (2012).

W HAT IS VISUAL MISMATCH NEGATIVITY ? Background Experiment Results & Discussion Data from Kimura et al. (2009, 2010); Figure from Kimura (2012).

V ISUAL MISMATCH NEGATIVITY : A PREDICTIVE CODING INTERPRETATION Comparison of current and predicted events Top-down projection of prediction signals Generation of prediction-error signals via feedback connections Visual Prefrontal Bottom-up projection of prediction-error Generation of prediction signals signals via feedforward connections Update of predictive models Generation of new prediction signals Background Experiment Results & Discussion Figure from Kimura (2012).

A TTENTION AND CONSCIOUSNESS : T WO DISTINCT BRAIN PROCESSES Conscious Not-conscious Attention Inattention Background Experiment Results & Discussion Figure from Koch and Tsuchiya (2007).

A TTENTION AND CONSCIOUSNESS : T WO DISTINCT BRAIN PROCESSES Conscious Not-conscious Attention Attention with Consciousness Inattention Background Experiment Results & Discussion Figure from Koch and Tsuchiya (2007).

A TTENTION AND CONSCIOUSNESS : T WO DISTINCT BRAIN PROCESSES Conscious Not-conscious Working memory • Detection of unfamiliar • Attention stimuli Full reportability • Inattention Background Experiment Results & Discussion Figure from Koch and Tsuchiya (2007).

A TTENTION AND CONSCIOUSNESS : T WO DISTINCT BRAIN PROCESSES Conscious Not-conscious Working memory • Detection of unfamiliar • Attention stimuli Full reportability • No attention, Inattention No consciousness Background Experiment Results & Discussion Figure from Koch and Tsuchiya (2007).

A TTENTION AND CONSCIOUSNESS : T WO DISTINCT BRAIN PROCESSES Conscious Not-conscious Working memory • Detection of unfamiliar • Attention stimuli Full reportability • Formation of • afterimages Inattention Rapid vision • Zombie behaviours • Background Experiment Results & Discussion Figure from Koch and Tsuchiya (2007).

A TTENTION AND CONSCIOUSNESS : T WO DISTINCT BRAIN PROCESSES Conscious Not-conscious Working memory • Attention Detection of unfamiliar • Attention without stimuli Consciousness Full reportability • Formation of • afterimages Inattention Rapid vision • Zombie behaviours • Background Experiment Results & Discussion Figure from Koch and Tsuchiya (2007).

A TTENTION AND CONSCIOUSNESS : T WO DISTINCT BRAIN PROCESSES Conscious Not-conscious Working memory Priming • • Detection of unfamiliar Adaptation • • Attention stimuli Visual search • Full reportability Intuition • • Formation of • afterimages Inattention Rapid vision • Zombie behaviours • Background Experiment Results & Discussion Figure from Koch and Tsuchiya (2007).

A TTENTION AND CONSCIOUSNESS : T WO DISTINCT BRAIN PROCESSES Conscious Not-conscious Working memory Priming • • Detection of unfamiliar Adaptation • • Attention stimuli Visual search • Full reportability Intuition • • Formation of Consciousness • afterimages Inattention without Rapid vision • Attention Zombie behaviours • Background Experiment Results & Discussion Figure from Koch and Tsuchiya (2007).

A TTENTION AND CONSCIOUSNESS : T WO DISTINCT BRAIN PROCESSES Conscious Not-conscious Working memory Priming • • Detection of unfamiliar Adaptation • • Attention stimuli Visual search • Full reportability Intuition • • Pop-out in search Formation of • • Iconic memory afterimages • Inattention Gist Rapid vision • • Partial reportability Zombie behaviours • • Background Experiment Results & Discussion Figure from Koch and Tsuchiya (2007).

A TTENTION AND CONSCIOUSNESS : T WO DISTINCT BRAIN PROCESSES Conscious Not-conscious Attention Attention Attention with without Consciousness Consciousness Consciousness No attention, Inattention without No consciousness Attention Background Experiment Results & Discussion Figure from Koch and Tsuchiya (2007).

A TTENTION AND CONSCIOUSNESS : T WO DISTINCT BRAIN PROCESSES Conscious Not-conscious Attention Attention Attention with without Consciousness Consciousness Consciousness No attention, Inattention without No consciousness Attention Background Experiment Results & Discussion Figure from Koch and Tsuchiya (2007).

E XPERIMENT 1: A TTENTION AND C ONSCIOUSNESS Conscious Not-conscious Attention Attention Attention with without Consciousness Consciousness Consciousness No attention, Inattention without No consciousness Attention Background Experiment Results & Discussion Figure from Koch and Tsuchiya (2007).

E XPERIMENT 1: B INOCULAR RIVALRY Left eye Stimulus Right eye Percept Background Experiment Results & Discussion Blake and O’Shea (2009).

E XPERIMENT 1: B INOCULAR RIVALRY Left eye Stimulus Right eye Percept Background Experiment Results & Discussion Blake and O’Shea (2009).

E XPERIMENT 1: B INOCULAR RIVALRY Left eye Stimulus Right eye Percept Background Experiment Results & Discussion Blake and O’Shea (2009).

E XPERIMENT 1: B INOCULAR RIVALRY Left eye Stimulus Right eye Percept Background Experiment Results & Discussion Blake and O’Shea (2009).

E XPERIMENT 1: B INOCULAR RIVALRY Left eye Stimulus Right eye Percept Background Experiment Results & Discussion Blake and O’Shea (2009).

E XPERIMENT 1: B INOCULAR RIVALRY Oddball Sequence Deviant Percept Background Experiment Results & Discussion

E XPERIMENT 1: P ARTICIPANT ’ S TASK  Binocular rivalry tracking task  Press and hold left key for horizontal  Press and hold right key for vertical  Attend to fixation Background Experiment Results & Discussion

E XPERIMENT 1: D IFFERENCE WAVES ( DEVIANT - MINUS - STANDARD ) Background Experiment Results & Discussion

E XPERIMENT 1: G ENERAL DISCUSSION  Predictions of visual input can be violated in the absence of visual consciousness.  With attention, visual consciousness increases our processing of predictability of visual inputs.  Can predictions be established in the absence of visual consciousness? Background Experiment Results & Discussion

E XPERIMENT 2: I NATTENTION AND C ONSCIOUSNESS Conscious Not-conscious Attention Attention Attention with without Consciousness Consciousness Consciousness No attention, Inattention without No consciousness Attention Background Experiment Results & Discussion Figure from Koch and Tsuchiya (2007).

E XPERIMENT 2: C ONTINUOUS FLASH SUPPRESSION Left eye Stimulus Right eye Percept Background Experiment Results & Discussion Tsuchiya and Koch (2005).

E XPERIMENT 2: O DDBALL SEQUENCE Invisible Blocks Visible Blocks Background Experiment Results & Discussion

E XPERIMENT 2: E QUIPROBABLE SEQUENCE Invisible Blocks Visible Blocks Background Experiment Results & Discussion

E XPERIMENT 2: E QUIPROBABLE SEQUENCE Background Experiment Results & Discussion

E XPERIMENT 2: P ARTICIPANT ’ S TASK  Target-detection task  Press left key for “X”  Press right key for “O”  Target at fixation Background Experiment Results & Discussion

E XPERIMENT 2: P OST - TEST SEQUENCE Invisible Blocks Visible Blocks Background Experiment Results & Discussion

E XPERIMENT 2: P OST - TEST ORIENTATION TASK Background Experiment Results & Discussion