INVESTIGATIVE ENCOUNTERS 1 Case 1:08-cv-01034-AT Document 620 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Case 1:08-cv-01034-AT Document 620 Filed 07/25/18 Page 48 of 97 INVESTIGATIVE ENCOUNTERS 1

Case 1:08-cv-01034-AT Document 620 Filed 07/25/18 Page 49 of 97 The law is not new 2

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Case 1:08-cv-01034-AT Document 620 Filed 07/25/18 Page 53 of 97 Placeholder for page 1 of new PG 212-11 image of paperwork 6

Case 1:08-cv-01034-AT Document 620 Filed 07/25/18 Page 54 of 97 He fits the “Profile” 7

Case 1:08-cv-01034-AT Document 620 Filed 07/25/18 Page 55 of 97 Level 1 Request for Information 8

Case 1:08-cv-01034-AT Document 620 Filed 07/25/18 Page 56 of 97 Objective Credible Reason 9

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Case 1:08-cv-01034-AT Document 620 Filed 07/25/18 Page 58 of 97 Level 1 Tools:  You can continue to observe  You can ask non-accusatory questions 11

Case 1:08-cv-01034-AT Document 620 Filed 07/25/18 Page 59 of 97 You Can’t: Ask accusatory questions Seek consent to search Detain the person, block his path or use force Direct the person to stop 12

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Case 1:08-cv-01034-AT Document 620 Filed 07/25/18 Page 62 of 97 Level 2 Common Law Right Of Inquiry 15

Case 1:08-cv-01034-AT Document 620 Filed 07/25/18 Page 63 of 97 Founded Suspicion 16

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Case 1:08-cv-01034-AT Document 620 Filed 07/25/18 Page 65 of 97 What can you do?  Can you ask accusatory questions?  Yes  Can you ask for consent to search?  Yes  Can you use force or threaten to use force?  No 18

Case 1:08-cv-01034-AT Document 620 Filed 07/25/18 Page 66 of 97 What can you do?  Can you use protective measures?  Yes  Can you direct the person to stop?  No  Can you block the person’s path?  No 19

Case 1:08-cv-01034-AT Document 620 Filed 07/25/18 Page 67 of 97 A Level 2 Encounter is not a Stop:  It is an encounter  It is an approach  Person must always feel free to leave 20

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Case 1:08-cv-01034-AT Document 620 Filed 07/25/18 Page 69 of 97 Consent to Search “May I search your bag/person?” “I can only conduct a search if you consent. Do you understand?” 22

Case 1:08-cv-01034-AT Document 620 Filed 07/25/18 Page 70 of 97 Right to Know Act - All Level 2 encounters - All Level 3 Terry stops - Frisks - Searches - Vehicle checkpoints + - Detectives only: Explain purpose questioning of for the encounter witnesses and victims 23

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Case 1:08-cv-01034-AT Document 620 Filed 07/25/18 Page 72 of 97 Right to Know Act Exceptions 25

Case 1:08-cv-01034-AT Document 620 Filed 07/25/18 Page 73 of 97 Protective Measures These include ordering the individual to take her/his hands out of her/his pockets, put down or step away from an otherwise lawful object that could be used as a weapon, grabbing the person’s hands if the circumstances suggest the person may be grabbing a weapon, or forcibly removing the person’s hands from her/his pockets if the individual refuses to remove them from her/his pockets. 26

Case 1:08-cv-01034-AT Document 620 Filed 07/25/18 Page 74 of 97 Does the person have to:  Answer your questions?  No  Produce ID?  No  Consent to a search?  No (but you can ask)  Can he or she walk away?  Yes 27

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Case 1:08-cv-01034-AT Document 620 Filed 07/25/18 Page 76 of 97 Body-Worn Camera Video 29

Case 1:08-cv-01034-AT Document 620 Filed 07/25/18 Page 77 of 97 Level Two 30

Case 1:08-cv-01034-AT Document 620 Filed 07/25/18 Page 78 of 97 Corroborating an ANONYMOUS CALLER BEFORE YOU GET TO THE SCENE Call ANI ALI - Get a NAME 31

Case 1:08-cv-01034-AT Document 620 Filed 07/25/18 Page 79 of 97 If you can’t get a name: Did caller JUST EYEWITNESS CRIMINALITY ? Get caller’s basis for knowing about the crime 32

Case 1:08-cv-01034-AT Document 620 Filed 07/25/18 Page 80 of 97 Corroborating an ANONYMOUS CALLER WHEN YOU GET TO THE SCENE Observations that corroborate alleged criminality 33

Case 1:08-cv-01034-AT Document 620 Filed 07/25/18 Page 81 of 97 Body-Worn Camera Video 34

Case 1:08-cv-01034-AT Document 620 Filed 07/25/18 Page 82 of 97 Level 3 The Terry Stop 35

Case 1:08-cv-01034-AT Document 620 Filed 07/25/18 Page 83 of 97 Level Three 36

Case 1:08-cv-01034-AT Document 620 Filed 07/25/18 Page 84 of 97 Level 3 Examples 37

Case 1:08-cv-01034-AT Document 620 Filed 07/25/18 Page 85 of 97 STOP AND POSSIBLY FRISK There are two standards here: Stop: reasonable suspicion that someone has committed, is committing, or is about to commit a felony or Penal Law misdemeanor. Frisk: independent reasonable suspicion that someone is armed and dangerous. 38

Case 1:08-cv-01034-AT Document 620 Filed 07/25/18 Page 86 of 97 What is a Frisk? What is a Search? 39

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Case 1:08-cv-01034-AT Document 620 Filed 07/25/18 Page 89 of 97 Remember: There is no requirement that you be absolutely certain the suspect is armed. Reasonable suspicion deals with probabilities and not hard certainties – just be able to explain your reason based on clear and articulable facts. 42

Case 1:08-cv-01034-AT Document 620 Filed 07/25/18 Page 90 of 97 Body-Worn Camera Video 43

Case 1:08-cv-01034-AT Document 620 Filed 07/25/18 Page 91 of 97 A summons is a Level 4 encounter Can you frisk someone you are going to summons? 44

Case 1:08-cv-01034-AT Document 620 Filed 07/25/18 Page 92 of 97 A Good Stop Report DOES THE TALKING FOR YOU 45

Case 1:08-cv-01034-AT Document 620 Filed 07/25/18 Page 93 of 97 The Narrative: DETAILS, DETAILS, DETAILS [DO THE FACTS SUPPORT A STOP? ARE ALL CHECKBOXES EXPLAINED? IS THE RADIO RUN DESCRIPTION INCLUDED AND HOW THE SUSPECT MATCHED IT?] [WHY DID YOU FRISK? WHY DID YOU SEARCH?] 46 46

Case 1:08-cv-01034-AT Document 620 Filed 07/25/18 Page 94 of 97 Stop Report App 47

Case 1:08-cv-01034-AT Document 620 Filed 07/25/18 Page 95 of 97 The Activity Log Entry You need to include:  Date, time and location of stop  Pedigree information  ICAD #  Suspected Felony or Penal Law Misdemeanor  Precinct Serial Number, if available 48

Case 1:08-cv-01034-AT Document 620 Filed 07/25/18 Page 96 of 97 Stop Report:  All Level 3 Terry Stops, even if it leads to an arrest  Every person stopped 49

Case 1:08-cv-01034-AT Document 620 Filed 07/25/18 Page 97 of 97 PG 212-11: Minor or Inadvertent Mistakes 50