� Introduction to Nanotechnology Introduction to Nanotechnology � � Applications of Nanotechnology Applications of Nanotechnology � � Nanotechnology Research at � Nanotechnology Research at Clarkson Clarkson � Conclusions Conclusions � 10 10 - -18 18 electron electron Nanotechnology is the manipulation of Nanotechnology is the manipulation of 10 10 - -15 15 proton proton materials, devices and systems on the materials, devices and systems on the 10 - 10 -14 14 atomic nucleus atomic nucleus nanometer length scale. nanometer length scale. Nanotechnology Nanotechnology 10 10 - -10 10 water molecule water molecule (angstrom) (angstrom) (nanometer, nm) 10 10 - -9 9 (nanometer, nm) (10 nm) (10 nm) 10 10 - -8 8 UV light, viruses UV light, viruses 10 10 - -7 7 cell membrane cell membrane (100 nm) (100 nm) One nanometer is a billionth of a meter (about (micron, µ µ m) 10 10 - -6 6 bacteria bacteria One nanometer is a billionth of a meter (about (micron, m) (10 µ (10 µm) m) 10 - 10 -5 5 human cell human cell 10 times the diameter of the hydrogen atom) 10 times the diameter of the hydrogen atom) 10 10 - -4 4 human hair human hair (100 µm) (100 µm) (millimeter, mm) 10 - 10 -3 3 sand grains sand grains (millimeter, mm) At the nanoscale At the nanoscale different laws of physics come different laws of physics come (centimeter, cm) (centimeter, cm) 10 - 10 -2 2 human finger human finger into play into play 10 0 10 0 human human (meter) (meter) 1
cm mm Nanotechnology Nanotechnology nm 4 5 6 7 10 − 1 0 1 2 3 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 Diameter µ m µ m 10 − 10 − 10 − 10 − 4 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 10 10 10 10 Nano- -Electronic Electronic Nano Electro. Infrared Microwaves X-Ray UV Vis Quantum Quantum Wave Nano- Nano -Bio Bio- - Computing Computing Technology Technology Solid Fume Dust Nano Nano- -Bio Bio- - Definition Mist Spray Liquid Info Info Clay Silt Sand Gravel Soil Information Information Bio- Bio - Biotechnology Biotechnology Smog Cloud/Fog Mist Rain Atmospheric Infomatics Technology Technology Infomatics Typical Viruses Bacteria Hair Particles Smoke Coal Dust Beach Sand � � Nanoelectronic Nanoelectronic � Computers and Data Storage Computers and Data Storage � � Nanomaterials Nanomaterials � � High Performance Materials � High Performance Materials � Nanocomposites � Nanocomposites � Health and Medicine � Health and Medicine � � Nanodevices Nanodevices � Energy and Environment Energy and Environment � � Nanostructure Nanostructure � � Transportation Transportation � � Nanosensors Nanosensors � � Homeland Security � Homeland Security � Nanobiotechnology � Nanobiotechnology � � Nanostructured Nanostructured Catalysts Catalysts � Molecular Mechanics � Molecular Mechanics 2
� Energy Storage and Production � Energy Storage and Production � Targeted Drug Delivery � Targeted Drug Delivery � Energy Efficiency � Energy Efficiency � Sensors for Disease Detection Sensors for Disease Detection � � � Environmentally Friendly Environmentally Friendly � Artificial Tissues and Organs Artificial Tissues and Organs � Manufacturing technologies Manufacturing technologies � Nano � Nano- -Robots for Protection Robots for Protection � Environmental Remediation � Environmental Remediation Against Bacteria and Viruses Against Bacteria and Viruses Technologies Technologies � � Sensors for Environmental Sensors for Environmental Monitoring Monitoring CNT is a tubular form of carbon CNT is a tubular form of carbon � Chemical, Biological, and � Chemical, Biological, and with diameter of about 1 nm and a with diameter of about 1 nm and a Radiological Sensors Radiological Sensors Length of a few nm to microns. Length of a few nm to microns. � High Strength, Light Weight � High Strength, Light Weight CNT exhibits extraordinary CNT exhibits extraordinary Military Platforms Military Platforms mechanical properties: mechanical properties: � � Self Healing and Functional Self Healing and Functional - Young’s modulus > 1 - Young’s modulus > 1 Tera Tera Pa Pa Materials Materials - Stiffness ~ diamond - Stiffness ~ diamond � Virtual Reality for Training � Virtual Reality for Training - Tensile strength ~ 200 - Tensile strength ~ 200 GPa GPa - Strain ~ 10% Strain ~ 10% - Meyyappan, NASA , NASA Meyyappan 3
Mechanical Applications Mechanical Applications � High Strength Composites High Strength Composites � � Body Armor Body Armor � Meyyappan Meyyappan NASA NASA � Cables, Tethers, Beams Cables, Tethers, Beams � Challenges Challenges � Fabrication of Composite with Controlled � Fabrication of Composite with Controlled properties properties Li et al. Li et al. � � Characterization and Modeling Characterization and Modeling (2002) (2002) � � Large Scale Production Large Scale Production Meyyappan Meyyappan Meyyappan Meyyappan NASA NASA NASA NASA 4
Nanoporous glass shapes sizes between 1 to 100 microns are self- assembled using biomemetic processes. Sokolov Sokolov Catalyst These glass Crack particles can carry 100,000 Billions Microcapsules dye combinations. This makes them unbreakable security tags for labeling and tracing. The tags can be Healing Agent used in medicine and biology for tagging various Polymerized Healing diseases. Agent Sokolov Sokolov 5
Crack Crack crack crack Healed crack Healed crack Release of healing component Release of healing component (fluorescent) (fluorescent) Sokolov Sokolov Ahmadi Ahmadi � Coating Coating SiC SiC nanoparticles nanoparticles for fillers in next for fillers in next- - � generation lighter but stronger body armor. generation lighter but stronger body armor. (Natick) (Natick) � � Preparation of metallic particle aerosols for Preparation of metallic particle aerosols for obscuration of IR. (Aberdeen) obscuration of IR. (Aberdeen) � � Dispersing carbon black for use in lenses for Dispersing carbon black for use in lenses for eye protection from lasers. (TACOM) eye protection from lasers. (TACOM) Ahmadi Ahmadi Partch Partch McLaughin McLaughin 6
Current vest ~ 38 lbs 2” x 2” tiles on Kevlar fullerene (electron relay) Titles of aluminum oxide micro-sized particles crown ether continuous, uniform (ion attractor/sensor) bulk coatings pharmaceutical (chemical stabilizers) Proposed vest < 18 lbs (controlled (dispersion enhancers) delivery/release) Kevlar with embedded (hardness modifiers) silicon carbide (density regulators) organometallic nano-sized partices (electroluminescence) Completed coating 30 nm SiC particles with Where is a covalent tether polycarbonate for Army Natick Partch Partch Partch Partch Flakes are Flakes are reflectance 10- -30 nm thick 30 nm thick 10 IR transmittance Source absorbance Partch Partch Partch Partch 7
100 90 80 70 % Transmittance laser source 60 Amorphous Carbon 50 eye 40 lens damage 30 without Graphite 20 Aluminum absorber 10 Carbon/Aluminum Particles 0 particles 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 -1 ) Wavenum nbers (cm Partch Partch Partch Partch • • • • • • laser source laser source • • • eye lens undamaged with absorber particles Work completed for Army-TACOM/Wright Patterson AFB Hopke Hopke Partch Partch 8
Hopke Hopke Hopke Hopke Expertise in the experimental study of vapor- Expertise in the experimental study of vapor - Hopke Hopke liquid nucleation including homogeneous, liquid nucleation including homogeneous, heterogeneous, and ion- heterogeneous, and ion -induced. induced. Tools to study nucleation and to characterize Tools to study nucleation and to characterize airborne particles in sizes ranging from 3 nm and airborne particles in sizes ranging from 3 nm and up. up. TSI ATOFMS provides particle size and composition TSI ATOFMS provides particle size and composition Hopke Hopke on a particle- -by by- -particle basis for particles > 50 nm. particle basis for particles > 50 nm. on a particle 9
Benjamin F. Dorfman, Science Dr., research professor, Clarkson University. CAMP NOW: multifunctional coatings: surface reinforcement, best tribology in any humidity & water, anti-icing, electric. tunable, capability for topographic stress monitoring sensors’ system Potentially – smart self-monitoring ultra-light weight construction material Weak L Weak L- -J J No L No L- -J J Strong L- Strong L -J J Weak L- -J J Weak L Strong bond Strong bond Muller Muller Muller Muller Shen Shen Shen Shen 10
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