Internet and Pervasive Internet and Pervasive 2 0 0 4 Technologies for Successful Aging Technologies for Successful Aging TOKYO William Mann, OTR, Ph.D. William Mann, OTR, Ph.D. Professor, Chairman, and Director Professor, Chairman, and Director Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center (RERC) (RERC) University of Florida, Gainesville, FL- -32611, 32611, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA USA wmann@hp.ufl.edu wmann@hp.ufl.edu Keynote Speech: 2004 IPSJ/IEEE Symposium on Applications and the Internet
Aging Aging The gradual changes in the The gradual changes in the structure and function of of structure and function humans and animals that occur humans and animals that occur with the passage of time, and with the passage of time, and that eventually lead to the that eventually lead to the increased probability of death increased probability of death as the person or animal grows as the person or animal grows older. older. . .
Aging Aging The gradual changes in the The gradual changes in the structure and function of of structure and function humans and animals that occur humans and animals that occur with the passage of time, and with the passage of time, and that eventually lead to the that eventually lead to the increased probability of death increased probability of death as the person or animal grows as the person or animal grows older. older. Age Related Diseases Age Related Diseases Those diseases that appear late Those diseases that appear late in life, such as Alzheimer’ ’s, s, in life, such as Alzheimer osteo- -arthritis, stroke, diabetes, arthritis, stroke, diabetes, osteo cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular disease, Parkinsons Disease. Disease. Parkinsons
Model for Viewing R & D and Clinical I nterventions Model for Viewing R & D and Clinical I nterventions
Why support research and development Why support research and development in technology and aging? in technology and aging?
18.9 18.9 Population 85+ 1910 to Population 85+ 1910 to 2050 2050 (in millions) (in millions) 8.8 8.8 6.0 6.0 3.0 3.0 1.4 1.4 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 1910 1930 1950 1970 1990 2010 2030 2050 1910 1930 1950 1970 1990 2010 2030 2050
Percent of Population by Age Group Who Need Assistance with ADLs 49.5 31.2 19.5 11 9.2 2.4 15-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 85+ A g e G ro u p
Number of Men per 100 Number of Men per 100 82.3 82.3 Women by Age Group Women by Age Group 76.3 76.3 67.4 67.4 55.4 55.4 43.7 43.7 33.5 33.5 26.5 26.5 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 85-89 90-94 95+ 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 85-89 90-94 95+
Projected Increase in Number of People 65+ living Alone: 1990 - 2220 15.2 16 14 10.9 12 9.0 10 s n o i l l 8 i M 6 4 2 0 2005 1990 2220 Year
Aging Population is a world concern Aging Population is a world concern
Addressing Functional Limitations Addressing Functional Limitations of Aging Population of Aging Population Applying Technology Applying Technology “Low” and “high” “Low” and “high”
Examples of “Low Technology” Examples of “Low Technology” - Assitive Assitive Devices Devices - Hearing Device Cognitive Device
Mobility Devices
Powered Window Opener Button hook / Zipper Pull
Can you support elders with technology?
A Randomized Controlled Trial of A Randomized Controlled Trial of Assistive Technology / Home Assistive Technology / Home Modification Service Delivery Modification Service Delivery
Mean Percent Decline on Measures of Functional Status by Group In Standard Scores 12 10 8 Rx 6 Control 4 2 0 IADL Fim Motor At 18 Months Post Initial Intervention
Treatment Control Treatment Control $2620 $443 $2620 $443 Mean Intervention Cost/ Participant over 18 Mean Intervention Cost/ Participant over 18 Months Months
Mean Total Institutional Cost/ Participant for 18 Months Treatment Control Treatment Control $5,630 $21,847 $5,630 $21,847 Mann, W.C., Ottenbacher, K.J., Fraas, L., Tomita, M., & Granger, C.V. (1999) Effectiveness of Assistive Technology and Environmental Interventions in Maintaining Independence and Reducing Home Care Costs for the Frail Elderly: A Randomized Trial ; Archives of Family Medicine ; May/June, 8(3):210-217
With Advances in Technology – – With Advances in Technology Can we do even better? Can we do even better?
Wheelchairs Technology – Advances:
1300 B.C. 1300 B.C. • Oldest evidence of a • Oldest evidence of a wheeled chair – – wheeled chair spoked wheels on wheels on spoked chairs. chairs.
• King of Spain had his • King of Spain had his 1595 1595 own rolling chair with own rolling chair with foot rest. foot rest.
• Self • Self- -propelled chair propelled chair 1655 1655 built by a built by a watchmaker with watchmaker with paraplegia. paraplegia.
1933 1933 • First folding • First folding wheelchair, wheelchair, manufactured with manufactured with metal. metal.
Today Today • “High Tech,” light • “High Tech,” light- - weight materials weight materials • Improved design • Improved design • Wheelchairs used for • Wheelchairs used for sports sports
Advances Advances • Power Assisted Wheelchairs • Power Assisted Wheelchairs • Stair climbing wheelchairs • Stair climbing wheelchairs • Smart Wheelchairs with Internet • Smart Wheelchairs with Internet connections, wireless local connectivity connections, wireless local connectivity and adaptive user interfaces and adaptive user interfaces
Why support research and Why support research and development in this area? development in this area? Hearing Aids
Early 1700’s Early 1700’s An ear trumpet. Similar An ear trumpet. Similar devices were used for devices were used for thousands of years. thousands of years.
1850’s 1850’s Acoustic table urn. Acoustic table urn. Meant to capture Meant to capture sound from any angle sound from any angle in the room. in the room.
1930’s 1930’s First electrical hearing First electrical hearing aid. aid.
1930’s 1930’s Wearable multiple part Wearable multiple part hearing aid. hearing aid.
1940’s 1940’s Vacuum tube model. Vacuum tube model.
Oticon Pocket model. Pocket model. Oticon 1953 1953
1957 1957 Ear aid that could hang Ear aid that could hang over the ear from the over the ear from the wearer's eyeglasses. wearer's eyeglasses.
1950’s – – 1960’s 1960’s 1950’s Combination of a Combination of a microphone with a microphone with a battery and battery and transistor in one transistor in one unit. unit.
1970’s 1970’s "In- "In - the the- - Canal," or ITC, Canal," or ITC, aids - - fill the ear canal fill the ear canal aids without anything worn without anything worn outside the ear.” outside the ear.”
1980’s 1980’s This unit could be This unit could be concealed concealed completely in the completely in the ear canal. ear canal.
1990’s 1990’s Hearing aids with Hearing aids with digital processing digital processing
The future The future • Web based programming updates for digital • Web based programming updates for digital hearing aids hearing aids • Pervasive computing for better hearing aid • Pervasive computing for better hearing aid performance performance • Integration and embedding with mobile phones • Integration and embedding with mobile phones and other consumer electronics and other consumer electronics • Additional forms of hearing devices: mobile • Additional forms of hearing devices: mobile digital assistants for real- -time speech to text time speech to text digital assistants for real translation translation
The Telephone The Telephone
1877 1877 • First commercial telephone • First commercial telephone used by Alexander Graham used by Alexander Graham Bell, based on his patent of Bell, based on his patent of January 1877. January 1877. • This telephone consisted of • This telephone consisted of a single transmitter/receiver a single transmitter/receiver placed within a rectangular placed within a rectangular wooden box. wooden box. • You spoke into the opening • You spoke into the opening in the box and listened in the box and listened through the same opening. through the same opening.
1882 1882 Early Bell System Early Bell System telephone. telephone.
1904 1904
1927 1927 First phone with single First phone with single handset. handset.
1964 1964 First “touch- -tone” phone tone” phone First “touch
1946 1946 First commercial mobile First commercial mobile phone phone
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