International Standards in Technical and Vocational Education and Training by Hans Krönner International Workshop on Workforce Development in the Knowledge Economy Seoul, Republic of Korea, 07-13 September 2005
Overview 1. Introduction 2. Scope 3. Sources 4. Legal basis and monitoring 5. Utilizing international standards for action planning ADBI-KRIVET Workshop The Contribution of TVET to Sustainable Development 2 07 to13 September 2005 by Hans Krönner
Overview 1. Introduction 2. Scope 3. Sources 4. Legal basis and monitoring 5. Utilizing international standards for action planning ADBI-KRIVET Workshop The Contribution of TVET to Sustainable Development 3 07 to13 September 2005 by Hans Krönner
Introduction • Workers, data workers, knowledge workers • Information about standards is a prerequisite • “Normative instruments” Convention, Recommendation, Declaration, Charter, Code, Principle • Governmental; Public/Private Partnerships • Procedures and legal aspects • Different from technical standards such as units, symbols, definitions ADBI-KRIVET Workshop The Contribution of TVET to Sustainable Development 4 07 to13 September 2005 by Hans Krönner
Overview 1. Introduction 2. Scope of international standards 3. Sources 4. Legal basis and monitoring 5. Utilizing international standards for action planning ADBI-KRIVET Workshop The Contribution of TVET to Sustainable Development 5 07 to13 September 2005 by Hans Krönner
Scope • Education • Training • Preparation for work • Workplace • Work environment ADBI-KRIVET Workshop The Contribution of TVET to Sustainable Development 6 07 to13 September 2005 by Hans Krönner
Issues • Access to education and training • Education and training objectives • Relationship of education, training and work • Safety and health at the workplace • Labor standards • Economical, ecological and social dimensions of work • Ethical aspects • Human Rights ADBI-KRIVET Workshop The Contribution of TVET to Sustainable Development 7 07 to13 September 2005 by Hans Krönner
Overview 1. Introduction 2. Scope 3. Sources of international standards 4. Legal basis and monitoring 5. Utilizing international standards for action planning ADBI-KRIVET Workshop The Contribution of TVET to Sustainable Development 8 07 to13 September 2005 by Hans Krönner
Sources of Standards • The United Nations system • UN General Assembly • UN Agencies: UNESCO, ILO • Private Sector involvement • Tourism • Global Compact ADBI-KRIVET Workshop The Contribution of TVET to Sustainable Development 9 07 to13 September 2005 by Hans Krönner
Universal Declaration of Human Rights Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and funda-mental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory. Technical and professional education shall be made generally available and higher education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit. (Article 26,1) ADBI-KRIVET Workshop The Contribution of TVET to Sustainable Development 10 07 to13 September 2005 by Hans Krönner
UN Specialized Agencies • United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) • International Labour Organization (ILO) Others: • Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) • World Health Organization (WHO) • … ADBI-KRIVET Workshop The Contribution of TVET to Sustainable Development 11 07 to13 September 2005 by Hans Krönner
Role of ILO and UNESCO (1954) • … the word " training " is likely to invoke the concern of the ILO … • … the word " education " is likely to invoke the concern of UNESCO . • ILO : … in factories, workshops or special centres • UNESCO : … within a general educational system ADBI-KRIVET Workshop The Contribution of TVET to Sustainable Development 12 07 to13 September 2005 by Hans Krönner
Roles of UNESCO and ILO UNESCO 2001 : ILO 2004: Technical and vocational education Members should identify ... is further understood to be : policies which: (a) an integral part of general (a) facilitate lifelong learning and education ; employability as part of a range of policy measures designed to create (b) a means of preparing for decent jobs , as well as to achieve occupational fields and for effective sustainable economic and social participation in the world of work ; development ; (c) an aspect of lifelong learning and a (b) give equal consideration to preparation for responsible economic and social objectives citizenship ; … as well as the development of (d) an instrument for promoting competencies, promotion of decent environmentally sound sustainable work, job retention, social development ; development, social inclusion (e) a method of facilitating poverty and poverty reduction ; alleviation . (Revised Recommendation on TVET) (Recommendation 195) ADBI-KRIVET Workshop The Contribution of TVET to Sustainable Development 13 07 to13 September 2005 by Hans Krönner
TVET in the UN System ADBI-KRIVET Workshop The Contribution of TVET to Sustainable Development 14 07 to13 September 2005 by Hans Krönner
The UNESCO Convention (1989) 1. Scope 2. Objectives 3. Content and Structures 4. Periodic Review 5. Personnel 6. International cooperation ADBI-KRIVET Workshop The Contribution of TVET to Sustainable Development 15 07 to13 September 2005 by Hans Krönner
The UNESCO Recommendation (2001) 1. Scope 2. Objectives 3. Policy, planning and administration 4. TVE and general education 5. Preparation for an occupational field 6. TVE as continuing education 7. Guidance 8. The learning process 9. Staff 10. International cooperation ADBI-KRIVET Workshop The Contribution of TVET to Sustainable Development 16 07 to13 September 2005 by Hans Krönner
The Example of the WTO • WTO Membership: • 145 countries • 300 members from private sector • Global Code of Ethics in Tourism • adopted by WTO General Assembly (1999) • endorsed by UN General Assembly (2001) • Right and duty of workers to training ADBI-KRIVET Workshop The Contribution of TVET to Sustainable Development 17 07 to13 September 2005 by Hans Krönner
The Global Compact of the UN • Public-Private Partnership • UN Secretary General • UNHCHR, ILO, UNEP, UNDP, UNIDO, UNODC • 2000 Participants • 10 Principles related to: • Human Rights • Labour Standards • Environment • Anti-Corruption ADBI-KRIVET Workshop The Contribution of TVET to Sustainable Development 18 07 to13 September 2005 by Hans Krönner
Finding more standards ILO Website Human Resources Develop- ment Recommendation (2004) • Background report • International instruments by organisation, by topic • National initiatives by country, by topic www.logos-net.net/ilo/195_base/en/main.htm ADBI-KRIVET Workshop The Contribution of TVET to Sustainable Development 19 07 to13 September 2005 by Hans Krönner
Overview 1. Introduction 2. Scope 3. Sources 4. Legal basis and monitoring 5. Utilizing international standards for action planning ADBI-KRIVET Workshop The Contribution of TVET to Sustainable Development 20 07 to13 September 2005 by Hans Krönner
Legal basis and monitoring: ILO • Conventions: • International treaties; ratification • Reports by Member States • Independent Expert Committee • Committee on Application of Standards • Violations: “Representation” • Recommendations • non-binding ADBI-KRIVET Workshop The Contribution of TVET to Sustainable Development 21 07 to13 September 2005 by Hans Krönner
Legal basis and monitoring: UNESCO • Conventions: • Two thirds majority • To be submitted for ratification • Case to case monitoring (e.g. reports) • Violations: Procedure for human rights violations only • Recommendations • Simple majority • Made known to bodies and target groups • Case to case monitoring (e.g. reports) • Declaration, Charters etc. • Framework currently under development ADBI-KRIVET Workshop The Contribution of TVET to Sustainable Development 22 07 to13 September 2005 by Hans Krönner
Legal basis and monitoring: Global Compact • Voluntary accession by companies • Formal letter to UN Secretary General • Commitments by companies: • Publicly advocate Global Compact • Publish reports how Global Compact and its principles are being supported • Accountability and transparency • No enforcement, no sanctions ADBI-KRIVET Workshop The Contribution of TVET to Sustainable Development 23 07 to13 September 2005 by Hans Krönner
Overview 1. Introduction 2. Scope 3. Sources 4. Legal basis and monitoring 5. Utilizing international standards for action planning ADBI-KRIVET Workshop The Contribution of TVET to Sustainable Development 24 07 to13 September 2005 by Hans Krönner
Action Planning Using International Standards: • As checklists for TVET legislation, policy, planning • As reference documents to argue with MPs, Ministers, key officials, training providers • As legally binding documents if ratified • As curriculum content in TVET ADBI-KRIVET Workshop The Contribution of TVET to Sustainable Development 25 07 to13 September 2005 by Hans Krönner
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